Browsing by Author "Avinash Sharma"

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Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: An Insight into the Advancements in Antimicrobial Resistance
(Institute of Physics, 2024) Avinash Sharma; K. Akash; Swati Kumari; Kartik Chauhan; Abija James; Riya Goel; Jay Singh; Rupak Nagraik; Deepak Kumar
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant global challenge requiring strategic solutions to address bacterial infections. Recent advancements in nanotechnology, particularly in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using natural agents as stabilizers and reducing agents, have shown promising results in combating MDR. These nanoparticles possess strong antimicrobial properties against different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative, making them suitable for various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, coatings, and medical devices. ZnO-NPs work by generating reactive oxygen species, releasing zinc ions (Zn2+), disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, interfering with metabolic processes and genetic material, and inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, more research is needed to refine synthesis techniques, control size and morphology, and increase antibacterial efficacy. To fully understand their potential, interactions with proteins, DNA, and bacterial cell walls must also be examined. Investigating the synergistic potential of biogenic ZnO NPs with conventional antibacterial treatments could enhance therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing the risk of resistance emergence. Here we provide insight into the advancements in biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles using bio extracts and their applications in antimicrobial resistance as well as various factors affecting the synthesis process and characterization techniques for ZnO NPs. Recent studies on the antimicrobial activity of biogenic ZnO NPs against different pathogens and their mechanisms of action are discussed. Furthermore, potential applications of biogenic ZnO NPs as antimicrobial agents are highlighted. © 2024 The Electrochemical Society (“ECS”). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited.
CRISPR/Cas9 and Anther Culture for Precision Double Haploid Line Production in Controlled Environments
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Avinash Sharma; Himanshu Pandey; Varucha Misra; Rajeev Kumar; Amit Vashishth; V.S. Devadas; A.K. Mall; Ashutosh; Megha Raghvan; Ajith Kumar Kesavan; Vishva Deepak Chaturvedi
The development of mapping populations and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis face constraints, in crops exhibiting male sterility and self-incompatibility under field conditions. Addressing these challenges requires the integration of advanced techniques, including the temporal alteration or excision of centromere histone H3 (CENH3) protein and the use of gene editing tools such as MATRILINEAL (MTL) knockout. Specifically, this can be achieved through Cas9/gRNA-mediated mutagenesis or Cas9/gRNA-driven promoter expression systems. These technologies offer efficient means to advance mapping populations and QTL analysis in male sterile and self-incompatible crops within controlled ecosystems. The doubled haploid (DH) mapping population, traditionally requiring 3 years of generation time via anther culture method, can now be expedited to 2–3 years of generation time using gene editing techniques within controlled environmental systems. Notably, DH mapping populations can be efficiently generated in various crops, including rice, wheat, maize, barley and oats by leveraging gene editing tools. Among these tools, the novel approach of CENH3 protein temporal alteration/excision emerges as highly efficient compared to MTL knockout using Cas9/gRNA-mediated mutation or Cas9/gRNA promoter expression. However, further investigation is warranted to optimise the regeneration of double haploid populations and enhance QTL analysis in male sterile and self-incompatible crops under controlled systems. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Recent update on biomimetic sensor technology for cancer diagnosis
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Priyanku Pradip Das; Rupak Nagraik; Avinash Sharma; Tarun Kumar Upadhyay; H. Lalhlenmawia; Deepak Balram; Kuang-Yow Lian; Jay Singh; Deepak Kumar
Biomimetic sensors are devices that replicate biological receptors and enzymes with extraordinary accuracy and sensitivity by taking their cues from nature's effective mechanisms. They enable quick diagnosis and better treatment options by providing non-invasive detection of cancer-specific biomarkers in physiological fluids. This review addresses numerous optical and electronic biomimetic sensor types and emphasizes the benefits of their usage in cancer diagnostics. Some of the recognition components used in biomimetic sensors are aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and immunomimetic sensors. The widespread use of biomimetic sensors for cancer diagnostics has promise despite obstacles like specificity and cost-effectiveness. The use of wearable technology and artificial intelligence improves individualized cancer management even further. The overall objective of this review is to comprehensively explore the field of biomimetics sensors in the context of cancer diagnostics, highlighting their various types and recognition components and to emphasize on the significant benefits of biomimetics sensors, such as their accuracy and sensitivity, in enabling non-invasive detection of cancer-specific biomarkers. Overall, biomimetic sensors are a revolutionary development that advances our understanding of early cancer detection, improved patient outcomes, and enhanced healthcare. © 2023