Browsing by Author "B.D. Bhatia"

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A comparative clinical study of saril and oral streptomycin in the treatment of diarrhoea in children
(1978) P.N. Singla; B.D. Bhatia; C.J. Singh; K.N. Agarwal
[No abstract available]
A study of bone marrow failure syndrome in children
(Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd, 2008) V. Gupta; S. Tripathi; T.B. Singh; V. Tilak; B.D. Bhatia
Background: Bone marrow failure syndrome (BMFS), or aplastic anemia, includes peripheral blood single cytopenias, as well as pancytopenia due to inability of the marrow to effectively produce blood cells. Aim: To study the clinico-hematological profile and etiological factors of bone marrow failure syndrome in children. Setting and Design: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics of a university teaching hospital over 36 months. Materials and Methods: Children with pancytopenia (Hb < 10 g/dl, absolute neutrophil count < 1.5 × 109/L, platelet count < 100 × 109/L) and bone marrow cellularity < 25% were included in the study. History of exposure to drugs, socioeconomic status, ethnicity and occupation of father were noted. Bone marrow aspiration; trephine biopsy; Ham test; viral studies for hepatitis A, B and C; and cytogenetic investigations were carried out. Statistical Analysis: Relative risk was estimated by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in matched cases and controls. Results: Of the 53 children studied, 6 (11.3%) were diagnosed as Fanconi anemia. Two cases had features of myelodysplastic syndrome. Forty-five children were labeled as acquired aplastic anemia, of whom one had evidence of hepatitis B infection and two patients (5.8%) had paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Aplastic anemia was more common in children from family with lower socioeconomic status; in Muslims; and where the father's occupation was weaving, dyeing and painting. However, the number was small to make statistically significant conclusions. No correlation could be established with exposure to drugs. Conclusion: Fanconi anemia was responsible for approximately one-tenth of the cases of bone marrow failure syndrome. Majority of the patients had acquired aplastic anemia. Hepatitis B infection was an uncommon cause of acquired aplastic anemia.
A study of clinico-haematological profiles of pancytopenia in children
(2008) V. Gupta; S. Tripathi; V. Tilak; B.D. Bhatia
We report on the clinico-haematological profile of pancytopenia in children from the Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India, over a period of 30 months. Pancytopenia was defined as: haemoglobin <10 g/dL, absolute neutrophil count 1.5 × 109/L and platelet count <100 × 109/L. A detailed history, clinical examination and haematological parameters were recorded. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy were carried out in all cases. One hundred and five cases aged 1.5–18 years, with a mean age of 8.6 years, were included in the study. Aplastic anaemia was the most common cause of pancytopenia (43%) followed by acute leukaemia (25%). Infections were the third most common cause of pancytopenia of which kala azar was the most common. Megaloblastic anaemia was seen in 6.7%. © 2008, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.
A study of oxidative stress in neonates delivered through meconium-stained amniotic fluid
(Springer Verlag, 2017) Tapas Bandyopadhyay; B.D. Bhatia; H.D. Khanna
To estimate the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in cord blood plasma of newborns born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and also to find out the correlation between their levels with birth weight and gestation, we measured the cord blood plasma levels of MDA and 8-OH-dG in 59 newborns born through MSAF and 50 newborns born through clear liquor. The levels of cord blood plasma MDA and 8-OH-dG were significantly higher in full-term and late-preterm newborns born through MSAF. On further comparison, it was found that both full-term and late-preterm intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) neonates had higher levels of these markers as compared to babies born as appropriate for gestational age (AGA) through MSAF. Plasma levels of MDA and 8-OH-dG were significantly correlated with birth weight even after controlling the relationship with gestational age for all cases as well as all full-term cases. These markers are also significantly correlated to each other. Conclusions: The present study suggest that the neonates born through MSAF experience higher degrees of oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased levels of cord blood plasma MDA and 8-OH-dG.What is known:• Aspirated meconium has been found to induce free radical generation and cellular damage in animal studies.• Its role in free radical generation and oxidative damage in human neonates is scarce.What is new:• Neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid experience significant oxidative stress. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Abdominal tuberculosis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
(The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2005) V. Gupta; B.D. Bhatia
An eight-year-old male child presented with progressive distension of abdomen, fever, pallor and jaundice with a history of tubercular contact. Investigations were suggestive of abdominal tuberculosis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The child responded well to a course of oral steroids with antitubercular treatment. A literature search did not reveal any previous case report of an association between tuberculosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Activation of Toll-like receptors in meconium aspiration syndrome
(Nature Publishing Group, 2018) V. Anand; S. Basu; S.S. Yadav; G. Narayan; B.D. Bhatia; A. Kumar
Objective:Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of MAS has hindered the development of specific therapies. We hypothesized that activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) might play a role in the pathogenesis of MAS. The present study evaluated the expression of TLR 1, 4, 7, 8 and 9 in neonates with MAS.Study Design:The study included 39 neonates with MAS and 17 healthy gestational age-matched neonates as controls. Neonates with maternal chorioamnionitis, perinatal asphyxia, sepsis and congenital malformations were excluded. Good-quality total RNA from umbilical cord blood was reverse transcribed to prepare cDNA using Bio-Rad reverse transcription kit. This cDNA was used to study the expression status of TLR 1, 4, 7, 8 and 9 by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results:Compared with controls, TLR1 and TLR4 were highly expressed, TLR9 was moderately expressed, TLR7 was weakly expressed and TLR8 expression was neutral in neonates with MAS. Within the MAS group, no difference in TLR expression was observed with respect to consistency of meconium, severity of the disease, oxygenation index and outcome.Conclusion:There is activation of TLRs in neonates with MAS. We speculate that these TLRs probably act as endogenous ligands for various components of meconium that initiate the inflammatory cascade of MAS and contribute to its pathogenesis. © 2018 Nature America, Inc., part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
All India hospital post partum programme
(1981) K.N. Agarwal; B.D. Bhatia
[No abstract available]
Aplasia cutis congenita
(The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2000) Ashok Kumar; B.B. Agrawal; B.D. Bhatia
Two cases of aplasia cutis congenita are reported here. One of the cases also had pre- and post-axial polydactyly and other digital anomalies.
Authors' reply [6]
(The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2006) V. Gupta; B.D. Bhatia
[No abstract available]
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
(2008) V. Gupta; J. Shukla; B.D. Bhatia
Objective. To study the clinico-hematological profile and treatment outcome in children suffering from auto immune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Methods. Twelve children were diagnosed with auto immune hemolytic anemia over a period of four years. Direct antiglobulin test was positive in all the cases. Other causes of hemolytic anemia like thalassemia syndromes, hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD deficiency were excluded by appropriate tests. The children were followed up for 6 months to 4 years. Results. The age ranged from 7 mth to 9 yr with a mean age of 4.51 yr. All patients had pallor as the presenting complaint followed by splenomegaly (83.3%), jaundice (66.7%), fever (50%) and bleeding manifestations (16.7%). 9 patients had primary disease and 3 had secondary disease. Tubercular infection was seen in 2 patients with secondary disease. Jaundice was seen equally in both the groups. Oral prednisolone produced remission in 83.3% cases. 4 patients (3 in primary and one in secondary group) had relapse after initial response. All responded to a second course of steroids but had subsequent relapses and developed a chronic course. Conclusion. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an uncommon cause of hemolytic anemia in children. Tubercular infection is an underlying pathology in cases of secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Although oral steroids induce remission in most of the cases, relapses are common. © 2008 Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.
Bacteriology of weaning foods in some areas of Varanasi
(1982) D.K. Agarwal; S. Chandra; B.D. Bhatia; S.C. Sanyal
Mothers of 106 children of 6 to 24 months of age (37 urban, 39 urban slum and 30 rural), were interviewed to find out the weaning foods being used for their children. One hundred and fifty samples of actual weaning food being fed to children were collected in sterile containers for bacteriological studies. Dal, rice or mixture of rice and dal were the most commonly used weaning foods (35.3, 19.8 and 33.6% respectively). Fifty-eight per cent of the weaning food samples yielded positive cultures for E. coli indicating high fecal contamination. The other organisms isolated were K. pneumonae, Ps. aeruginosa, S. fecalis and Citrobacter.
Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
(The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2005) V. Gupta; M. Kumar; B.D. Bhatia
Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) is a rare cause of cholestasis in children. The disease may start in infancy or early childhood. Jaundice persists or recurs throughout life but does not lead to chronic liver disease or cirrhosis. Treatment is mostly symptomatic. The condition has not been reported in Indian children. We report an interesting case of BRIC in a 9-year-old boy who had recurrent episodes of jaundice since when he was 1 yr old.
Birth hypoxia and spinal reflex in newborn babies
(2005) Udai Prakash; B. Sinha; B.D. Bhatia
Birth hypoxia is detrimental to neuronal function. In this study, its effect on spinal monosynaptic reflex was investigated on two different age groups of human newborn babies using few non-invasive electrophysiological parameters. A total of 57 newborns (25 hypoxic + 32 non-hypoxic) were the study subject. Out of which, 31 newborns (11 hypoxic + 20 non-hypoxic) were examined within 48 hours of birth, and the rest 26 (14 hypoxic + 12 non-hypoxic) were examined between 48h and 120h (five days) of birth. H-reflex latency (HRL), distal motor latency (DL), and H-reflex conduction velocity (HRCV), were estimated for understanding the transmission of impulse in the monosynaptic reflex pathway. Moreover, Hmax, Mmax, and HIM ratio were observed for studying the spinal motor neuronal excitability. The injurious effect of hypoxia was detected on HRL, HRCV, Hmax and HIM ratio in babies who were examined within 48h of birth. The HRL was significantly increased and other parameters were significantly reduced. In the older group of babies, however, Hmax was the only parameter affected by hypoxia. The relatively older babies of hypoxic or non-hypoxic group had higher Hmax and HIM ratio compared to younger ones of their own group.
Birthweight: its relationship with maternal and newborn skinfold thickness.
(1991) S. Swain; B.D. Bhatia; S. Pandey; L.K. Pandey; A. Agrawal
Two hundred and forty seven pregnant women at term and their offsprings were studied. Maternal skinfold thickness was measured from ten different sites and newborn skinfold thickness was measured from four different sites in each set of cases. Maternal skinfold thickness was positively correlated with the birthweight and skinfold thickness of the offspring. The birthweight was also positively correlated with the skinfold thickness of offspring. The maternal axillary sites and offspring's subscapular site had higher inter correlation as well as with the birthweight of offspring.
Cellular immunity status in anaemia in pregnancy.
(1991) A. Kandoi; B.D. Bhatia; L.K. Pandey; S. Pandey; P.C. Sen; K. Satya
Fifty pregnant women (25 anaemic and 25 non-anaemic) and 20 non pregnant women (10 anaemic and 10 non-anaemic) were studied. All pregnant women delivered full term (37-41 wk) singleton babies. Maternal blood lymphocyte stimulation indices (SI) at 0 and 24 h were lower in anaemic and non-anaemic pregnant women, compared to anaemic and non-anaemic non-pregnant women. This difference was more marked in anaemic pregnant women, as compared to non pregnant anaemic women at 0 and 24 h respectively. The SI of maternal and cord blood lymphocytes were significantly lower in severely anaemic mothers both at 0 and 24 h and in those with maternal serum iron levels below 50 micrograms/dl or maternal per cent transferrin saturation was below 15 per cent. The anaemic mothers and their offspring were found to have significantly lower blastogenic response to PHA added at 24 h indicating depression of T-suppressor cell function.
Congenital malformations at birth.
(1994) S. Swain; A. Agrawal; B.D. Bhatia
Three thousand nine hundred and thirty-two consecutive newborns were examined at birth for the presence of congenital malformations. The overall incidence of malformations was 1.2%. Congenital malformations accounted for 9.2% of perinatal and 12.8% of neonatal deaths. The central nervous system (39.5%) was most commonly involved followed by musculoskeletal system (14.5%). Involvement of more than one system was observed in 18.8% cases. Though there was higher incidence of malformations in babies born to mothers of more than 35 years the difference was not statistically significant. However, the babies born to mothers of gravidity 4 or more had significantly higher incidence of malformation when compared to mothers of lower gravidity (chi1(2) = 4.67, p < 0.05). The incidence of congenital malformations at birth was higher in stillborn and low birthweight babies.
Correlation between clinical features and degree of immunosuppression in HIV infected children
(2008) D. Agarwal; J. Chakravarty; S. Sundar; V. Gupta; B.D. Bhatia
We conducted this study to find out correlation of CD4% with clinical status in 102 HIV infected antiretroviral naïve children. Mean age of presentation was 4.8 years. Perinatal transmission was the commonest mode of transmission (94%). Fever (53%), chronic diarrhea (36%), and cough (29%) were the commonest presenting symptoms. Protein energy malnutrition was seen in 56.7% of children. 33.3% children were asymptomatic, whereas 45.1% were in WHO clinical stages III and IV at the time of presentation. The most common opportunistic infection was tuberculosis. CD4% correlated significantly with the deterioration of the WHO clinical stages (P<0.01) and increasing grades of protein energy malnutrition (P<0.05).
Detection of HBsAg in newborns.
(1990) M. Sarkar; A.K. Gulati; B.D. Bhatia
Cord blood samples collected from 150 newborns were tested for HBsAg using micro ELISA technique. Only 8 (5.3 per cent) out of 150 samples were found to be positive for HBsAg in variable titres. It is important to identify these HBsAg positive newborns so that appropriate measures could be adopted at the earliest to prevent the complications of HBsAg carriage.
Developmental assessment of intrauterine growth retarded babies of varying maternal etiology
(Springer India, 1990) B.D. Bhatia; K.N. Agarwal; N.P. Jain
Head circumference was measured serially and developmental performance assessed at the age of 9 months in 41 full-term intrauterine growth retarded babies of varying maternal etiologies. 18 full term and 12 preterm babies who were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) served as controls. The IUGR babies of undernourished mothers had maximum retardation in head circumference.The IUGR babies of small sized mothers had head circumference equal to that of fullterm AGA babies. The IUGR babies of mothers with toxemia of pregnancy and idiopathic group also reached very close to that of fullterm AGA babies for head circumference demonstrating catch up growth. 19.5 per cent of IUGR (as homogenous group) babies were found to have delayed development compared to 16.7 per cent of preterm and 5.6 per cent of fullterm AGA babies. Amongst IUGR groups, babies of undernourished mothers were found to suffer most, followed by babies of mothers with toxemia of pregnancy. None of the babies in the idiopathic group and only one out of 12 in small maternal size group were found to have delayed development. © 1990 Department of Pediatrics All India Institute Of Medical Science.
Dietary intakes of urban and rural pregnant, lactating and non-pregnant, non-lactating vegetarian women of Varanasi
(1981) B.D. Bhatia; D. Banerjee; D.K. Agarwal; K.N. Agarwal
A total of 184 pregnant, 95 lactating and 20 non-pregnant, non-lactating (NPNL) vegetarian women from the urban and rural areas of Varanasi were subjected to analysis of their dietary intakes. The diets of both pregnant and lactating women were inadequate in calories, calcium, retinol and riboflavin, as compared to the Indian Council of Medical Research recommendations. The pregnant women had also lower intakes of iron and riboflavin. The intakes of urban pregnant women were lower and those of rural pregnant women higher, as compared to their NPNL counterparts. The mean intakes of various nutrients in urban and rural lactating women were higher as compared to the pregnant and NPNL counterparts. The intakes of urban lactating women were higher as compared to rural lactating women. There was inadequate food intake rather than a protein gap.