Browsing by Author "B.D. Singh"

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A quantitative analysis of rust (Uromyces fabae) resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) using RILs
(2012) A.K. Singh; R. Rai; C.P. Srivastava; B.D. Singh; C. Kushwaha; R. Chand
In a quantitative analysis of pea rust resistance using a RIL population, heritability estimates for disease severity and AUDPC were found to be 0.90 and 0.93, respectively. High heritability indicated that selection for pea rust resistance can be made under polyhouse conditions using either disease severity or AUDPC as disease reaction estimators. Average degree of dominance (ADD) for resistance to U. fabae was 0.11 and 0.14 for disease severity and AUDPC, respectively, indicating that the genes controlling U. fabae resistance exhibited a low degree of incomplete dominance. Estimates of the minimum number of effective genes conferring resistance to pea rust, using three different methods of estimation, varied from two to three.
A recap on quantitative trait loci associated with disease resistance in food legumes
(Apple Academic Press, 2017) Rashmi Rai; A.K. Singh; Sajad Majeed Zargar; B.D. Singh
Legumes come across a number of diseases that are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) including ascochyta blight (chickpea, faba bean, lentil, and pea), molds (common bean), powdery mildew (pea), rusts (groundnut, pea, lentil, and faba bean), wilt (common bean, pigeonpea, and pea), root, or stem rots (pea, soybean). For most of the important legumes different linkage maps have been developed using different types of molecular markers to study the linkages between different genes with different traits of interest among legumes. The availability of molecular markers on linkage maps are of great value for QTL mapping studies and marker assisted programs in disease resistance legume breeding. QTLs mapping essentially requires knowledge of inheritance pattern of the diseases and segregation nature of molecular markers, along with use of suitable statistical tools. QTL detection is highly influenced by several factors such as type and size of mapping population, effect of QTLs involved (major/minor), heredity of QTLs, density of linkage map, and the technique used for QTL detection. The mapping is more accurate and decisive when diseases are scored using different parameters (components, pathogen strains, different organs, or stages of plants life cycle) in multiple environments. The consistent expression of QTLs by different parameters in multiple environments proves their usefulness for marker assisted breeding. In this chapter, we have reviewed the QTLs detected for different diseases, their causing organism, type and size of mapping population, type of molecular marker, and its further use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) of disease resistance QTLs in legumes. © 2017 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cauliflower: Optimization of protocol and development of Bt-transgenic cauliflower
(2002) R. Chakrabarty; N. Viswakarma; S.R. Bhat; P.B. Kirti; B.D. Singh; V.L. Chopra
A number of factors that are known to influence genetic transformation were evaluated to optimize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of hypocotyl explants of cauliflower variety Pusa Snowball K-1. The binary vector p35SGUSINT mobilized into Agrobacterium strain GV2260 was used for transformation and transient GUS expression was used as the basis for identifying the most appropriate conditions for transformation. Explant age, preculture period, bacterial strain and density were found to be critical determinants of transformation efficiency. Using the optimized protocol, the synthetic cryIA(b) gene was mobilized into cauliflower. Molecular analyses of transgenics established the integration and expression of the transgene. Insect bioassays indicated the effectiveness of the transgene against infestation by diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae.
An analytical study of a doubly clad compressed ellipse optical waveguide
(2014) S.P. Singh; R. Jatan; R. Janma; B.D. Singh; Vivek Singh; M.P.S. Rao
Using an analytical method based on boundary matching technique, the modal behavior and cutoff frequencies of a compressed ellipse doubly clad optical waveguide is studied. The proposed waveguide consists of a core region of higher refractive index with two cladding regions: one is inner cladding and the other is outer cladding. We take appropriate orthogonal coordinates for the proposed structure and impose the boundary conditions to obtain the characteristic equation. The effect of the width of inner cladding layer on the dispersion characteristic is observed. It is found that the width of inner cladding is able to tailor the dispersion characteristic and cutoff condition of the waveguide up to a certain limit. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.
Analysis of genetic divergence in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using quantitative traits and RAPD markers
(2010) Kusum Yadav; B.D. Singh; C.P. Srivastava; Ramesh Chand; Anurag Yadav
Genetic diversity among 14 tall and 14 dwarf cultivars/ elite lines of pea (Pisum sativum L.) was assessed based on 10 quantitative traits and 72 RAPD primers. Dendrogram based on quantitative traits revealed six clusters. In principal component analysis (PCA), the first three PCs together accounted for 61.48% of the total variation, and the grouping was consistent with that of UPGMA method. RAPD-based dendrogram showed three major clusters; cluster II was further divided into three subclusters. The first three PCs of RAPD data accounted for 29.28% of the total variation, and the grouping pattern was similar to that obtained by UPGMA. The tall genotypes in both the types of clustering indicated a lower level of diversity compared to the dwarf ones. The correlation estimated by Mantel test between the quantitative trait and RAPD matrices was non-significant (r =-0.26) for reason of targetting different genomic regions by RAPD markers the morphological traits. Cophenetic correlations which reflect the goodness of fit for a tree were 0.73 and 0.79 for quantitative traits based and RAPD based dendrogram, respectively.
Bioinformatics for legume genomics research
(Springer New York, 2014) Vinay Kumar Singh; A.K. Singh; Arvind M. Kayastha; B.D. Singh
Enormous legume genome sequence data are becoming available at a rapid rate through the Next-Gen Sequencing platforms. One of the biggest problems relates to management and analysis of the huge data derived from whole genome sequencing projects. To resolve this problem, researchers index their data in major biological depository systems and availability of algorithms, tools, softwares and databases and provide opportunities for analysis, annotation, and visualization of sequence data at the computational level. Different types of tools and softwares are available for the interpretation of genomes, proteomes and genes. Now researchers are using various in-silico techniques in Bio-omics (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics) era for management, planning and prediction of data in cost effective and less time consuming manner. Bio-omics plays an important role in comparative, structural and functional biology at computational level and will play major role in different biological investigations. Identification of signal transduction pathway-associated members and gene family members will help in functional elucidation and relationship among them. In this context identification of potential candidate genes will provide an opportunity to researchers for improvement and nutritional quality enhancement of crop genomes. Based on genome blue-prints (plants, animals, fungus, microbes) one can develop potential applications to understand systems biology of legumes in fullness. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014. All rights are reserved.
Biotechnology programme at Banaras Hindu University, India
(1992) Arvind M. Kayastha; B.D. Singh
[No abstract available]
Comparative analysis of genome-wide Mlo gene family in Cajanus cajan and Phaseolus vulgaris
(Springer International Publishing, 2016) Reena Deshmukh; V.K. Singh; B.D. Singh
The Mlo gene was discovered in barley because the mutant ‘mlo’ allele conferred broad-spectrum, non-race-specific resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. The Mlo genes also play important roles in growth and development of plants, and in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The Mlo gene family has been characterized in several crop species, but only a single legume species, soybean (Glycine max L.), has been investigated so far. The present report describes in silico identification of 18 CcMlo and 20 PvMlo genes in the important legume crops Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. and Phaseolus vulgaris L., respectively. In silico analysis of gene organization, protein properties and conserved domains revealed that the C. cajan and P. vulgarisMlo gene paralogs are more divergent from each other than from their orthologous pairs. The comparative phylogenetic analysis classified CcMlo and PvMlo genes into three major clades. A comparative analysis of CcMlo and PvMlo proteins with the G. max Mlo proteins indicated close association of one CcMlo, one PvMlo with two GmMlo genes, indicating that there was no further expansion of the Mlo gene family after the separation of these species. Thus, most of the diploid species of eudicots might be expected to contain 15–20 Mlo genes. The genes CcMlo12 and 14, and PvMlo11 and 12 are predicted to participate in powdery mildew resistance. If this prediction were verified, these genes could be targeted by TILLING or CRISPR to isolate powdery mildew resistant mutants. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Comparative effect of different types of cytokinins for shoot formation and plant regeneration in endangered medicinal plantDesmodium Gangeticum
(2008) P. Ahuja; B.D. Singh; K.N. Tiwari
A mass in vitro propagation system for Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (Leguminaceae), a medicinally important plant, has been developed. It is normally propagated through seeds but plant is in endangered category. Hence there is a need to develop an in vitro method. A range of cytokinins have been investigated for multiple shoot induction from nodal explants. Of the three cytokinins (6-benzyladenine, thidiazuron and kinetin) tested 6-benzyladenine (8.9 μM) and thidiazuron (6.8 υM) proved superior to other treatments. Differentiation of multiple shoots was initiated within 3 weeks of cultures. Optimal regeneration was achieved on medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA having 10.7 shoots/explant, 2mg/l TDZ having 7.4 shoots/explant and 5 mg/l KIN having 6.2 shoots/explant. The multiple shoots were elongated onto different media supplemented with low concentration (0.1-0.2 mg/l) GA3, Root induction was achieved on half-strength MS media by pulse treatment with 100 mg/l indole butyric acid (IBA) for 30 minutes. Rooted planlets were successfully acclimatized, with survival rate of 75-80%. The protocol developed for this study could be used for long-term conservation and mass propagation of this species.
Comparative in vitro shoot organogenesis and plantlet regeneration in tomato genotypes
(Indian Academy of Horticultural Sciences, 2010) Anita Singh; Major Singh; B.D. Singh
A study was conducted for achieving high frequency regeneration in tomato genotypes as a pre-requisite for genetic transformation. Regeneration efficiencies were compared in five tomato genotypes using hypocotyl and cotyledon segments as explant source. Two cytokinins, namely BAP (0.0 to 3.0 mg l-1) in combination with or without kinetin (0.5 and 1.0 mg l -1) were used in Murashige and Skoog's medium. Irrespective of genotypes, 2.0 mg l-1 BAP supplementation gave the best response for both explants. The highest frequency shoot regeneration (96.6 and 92.2%) as well as the maximum number of shoots per explant (10.2 and 8.4) was obtained from the hypocotyl and cotyledon explants, respectively in genotype H-86. The cultures on this medium were green and showed good shoot bud organogenesis. The individual shootlets were separated and inoculated on growth regulator-free MS medium. After two weeks of root induction, the individual plantlets were transferred to glass jars filled with autoclavable polyproplylene (PP) caps filled with sterile peat: vermiculite (2:1). This hardening strategy lead to over 90.0% plant survival at greenhouse stage. The results suggested that of the two explants tested, hypocotyl segment was more responsive compared to cotyledon segment. The order of genotype response was H-86> H-24> DVRT-1> Sel-7> DVRT-2 with regards to shoot organogenesis and multiplication frequency.
Comparative phylogenetic analysis of genome-wide Mlo gene family members from Glycine max and Arabidopsis thaliana
(Springer Verlag, 2014) Reena Deshmukh; V.K. Singh; B.D. Singh
Powdery mildew locus O (Mlo) gene family is one of the largest seven transmembrane protein-encoding gene families. The Mlo proteins act as negative regulators of powdery mildew resistance and a loss-of-function mutation in Mlo is known to confer broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew. In addition, the Mlo gene family members are known to participate in various developmental and biotic and abiotic stress response-related pathways. Therefore, a genome-wide similarity search using the characterized Mlo protein sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana was carried out to identify putative Mlo genes in soybean (Glycine max) genome. This search identified 39 Mlo domain containing protein-encoding genes that were distributed on 15 of the 20 G. max chromosomes. The putative promoter regions of these Mlo genes contained response elements for different external stimuli, including different hormones and abiotic stresses. Of the 39 GmMlo proteins, 35 were rich (8.7-13.1 %) in leucine, while five were serine-rich (9.2-11.9 %). Furthermore, all the GmMlo members were localized in the plasma membrane. Phylogenetic analysis of the GmMlo and the AtMlo proteins classified them into three main clusters, and the cluster I comprised two sub-clusters. Multiple sequence alignment visualized the location of seven transmembrane domains, and a conserved CaM-binding domain. Some of the GmMlo proteins (GmMlo10, 20, 22, 23, 32, 36, 37) contained less than seven transmembrane domains. The motif analysis yielded 27 motifs; out of these, motif 2, the only motif present in all the GmMlos, was highly conserved and three amino acid residues were essentially invariant. Five of the GmMlo members were much smaller in size; presumably they originated through deletion following a gene duplication event. The presence of a large number of GmMlo members in the G. max genome may be due to its paleopolyploid nature and the large genome size as compared to that of Arabidopsis. The findings of this study may further help in characterization and isolation of individual GmMlo members. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.
Comparison of cytogenetic effects of IAA, NAA and 2,4 D in callus cultures of Haplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) Gray
(1976) B.D. Singh
[No abstract available]
Computational tridimensional protein modeling of CrylAb19 toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis BtX-2
(Korean Society for Microbiolog and Biotechnology, 2012) S. Kashyap; B.D. Singh; D.V. Amla
We report the computational structural simulation of the Cry1Ab19 toxin molecule from B. thuringiensis BtX-2 based on the structure of Cry1Aa1 deduced by x-ray diffraction. Validation results showed that 93.5% of modeled residues are folded in a favorable orientation with a total energy Z-score of -8.32, and the constructed model has an RMSD of only 1.13Å. The major differences in the presented model are longer loop lengths and shortened sheet components. The overall result supports the hierarchical three-domain structural hypothesis of Cry toxins and will help in better understanding the structural variation within the Cry toxin family along with facilitating the design of domain-swapping experiments aimed at improving the toxicity of native toxins. © The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology.
Crystal Vibrations of Silicon by the Use of Valence Force Potentials
(1970) B.D. Singh; B. Dayal
The dispersion curves for silicon in the symmetry directions [ζ, 0, 0], [ζ, ζ, 0] and [ζ, ζ, ζ] are calculated using valence force potentials. Two different models have been used, the one with three valence force constants and the other with six valence force constants. The initial set of three valence force constants have been derived by incorporating Lippincott potential in the general valence force field for silicon. The force constants have been refined using a manual method and further by a least square fitting program with some known neutron scattering frequencies. The results with the six adjusted valence force constants potential model are in good agreement with the experimental results. The Debye characteristic temperatures have been calculated and they are in good agreement with the experimental values. Copyright © 1970 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Cytogenetic aberrations and morphological changes induced by insecticide treatments of barley seeds
(1977) B.D. Singh; Y. Singh; R.B. Singh
[No abstract available]
Development and evaluation of near-isogenic lines for major blast resistance gene(s) in Basmati rice
(Springer Verlag, 2015) Apurva Khanna; Vinay Sharma; Ranjith K. Ellur; Asif B. Shikari; S. Gopala Krishnan; U.D. Singh; G. Prakash; T.R. Sharma; Rajeev Rathour; Mukund Variar; S.K. Prashanthi; M. Nagarajan; K.K. Vinod; Prolay K. Bhowmick; N.K. Singh; K.V. Prabhu; B.D. Singh; Ashok K. Singh
Key message: A set of NILs carrying major blast resistance genes in a Basmati rice variety has been developed. Also, the efficacy of pyramids over monogenic NILs against rice blast pathogenMagnaporthe oryzaehas been demonstrated. Abstract: Productivity and quality of Basmati rice is severely affected by rice blast disease. Major genes and QTLs conferring resistance to blast have been reported only in non-Basmati rice germplasm. Here, we report incorporation of seven blast resistance genes from the donor lines DHMASQ164-2a (Pi54, Pi1, Pita), IRBLz5-CA (Pi2), IRBLb-B (Pib), IRBL5-M (Pi5) and IRBL9-W (Pi9) into the genetic background of an elite Basmati rice variety Pusa Basmati 1 (PB1). A total of 36 near-isogenic lines (NILs) comprising of 14 monogenic, 16 two-gene pyramids and six three-gene pyramids were developed through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Foreground, recombinant and background selection was used to identify the plants with target gene(s), minimize the linkage drag and increase the recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery (93.5–98.6 %), respectively, in the NILs. Comparative analysis performed using 50,051 SNPs and 500 SSR markers revealed that the SNPs provided better insight into the RPG recovery. Most of the monogenic NILs showed comparable performance in yield and quality, concomitantly, Pusa1637-18-7-6-20 (Pi9), was significantly superior in yield and stable across four different environments as compared to recurrent parent (RP) PB1. Further, among the pyramids, Pusa1930-12-6 (Pi2+Pi5) showed significantly higher yield and Pusa1633-7-8-53-6-8 (Pi54+Pi1+Pita) was superior in cooking quality as compared to RP PB1. The NILs carrying gene Pi9 were found to be the most effective against the concoction of virulent races predominant in the hotspot locations for blast disease. Conversely, when analyzed under artificial inoculation, three-gene pyramids expressed enhanced resistance as compared to the two-gene and monogenic NILs. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Development of somaclonal variants of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for yield traits and disease resistance suitable for heat stressed and zero-till conditions
(2007) B. Arun; B.D. Singh; S. Sharma; R. Paliwal; A.K. Joshi
In a substantial rice-wheat cropping system area of South Asia, wheat sowing often gets too delayed and exposed to terminal heat stress. Therefore, farmers prefer varieties that are able to perform well under a short growing period. Tissue culturally regenerated plants of wheat variety cv. HUW 234, the most widely cultivated variety of North Eastern Plain Zone (NEPZ) of India were screened using immature embryo as explant. Days to heading and maturity, yield and other yield components and resistance to leaf rust and spot blotch were evaluated. A few somaclones in R3 and R4 generations displayed significant earliness for days to heading and maturity, improved yield traits and resistance to leaf rust and spot blotch diseases. The superior performance of two of the variants was confirmed in the R5 generation in 3 years of testing under two dates of conventional and zero-till sowing. Stability analysis also suggested superiority of the two somaclones across 12 environments. This appeared to confirm the possibility of obtaining useful somaclonal variants of wheat for very late sown as well as zero-till managed agriculture. The superior performing somaclones can be used as parents in the ongoing breeding programmes targeting late sown wheat in South Asia exposed to terminal heat stress. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Does 2,4-D induce mitotic irregularities in plant tissue cultures?
(Birkhäuser-Verlag, 1975) B.D. Singh; B.L. Harvey
Suspension cultures of Vicia hajastana and Haplopappus gracilis were maintained in B5 medium containing 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0, and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 μg/ml 2,4-D, respectively. Anaphase analyses showed that the frequency of anomalies, especially bridges, was negatively associated with the 2,4-D concentration. © 1975 Birkhäuser Verlag.
Effect of azide on cowpea Rhizobium strain 32HI
(1981) J.S. Srivastava; B.D. Singh; V.P. Tewari
[No abstract available]
Effect of buffer and pH on growth and protein content of carrot (Daucus carota L.) in liquid shake culture
(1981) R.P. Singh; B.D. Singh; R.B. Singh
Phosphate, succinate, acetate and maleate buffers were tested for buffering B5 liquid medium. Phosphate (0·02 M) and acetate (0·002 M) were the most suitable buffers as they promoted dry weight accumulation and nitrogen assimilation, they also exhibited less change in pH after 5 days cultivation of carrot cells. The pH increase from 5·5 up to 6·5 also increased the dry weight accumulation and cell size; pH 7·0 was detrimental to dry weight accumulation. © 1981 Indian Academy of Sciences.