Browsing by Author "Bharti Sharma"

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Bacillus thuringiensis as microbial biopesticide: uses and application for sustainable agriculture
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Pradeep Kumar; Madhu Kamle; Rituraj Borah; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Bharti Sharma
Background: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used in agriculture for a long time because of its insecticidal proteins which make it a valuable environment-friendly biopesticide. However, its use is not only limited to insecticidal properties. Current and previous studies indicate its potential as a biofertilizer for promoting plant growth, the development of transgenic plants, and others. It is the presence of δ-endotoxins, especially cry protein, which attributes the insecticidal property to the bacteria. Besides, there are some vegetative and secreted insecticidal proteins that exert their toxic activity towards specific species. Main body of abstract: The present review briefly provides an overview of the Bt uses and application as a biocontrol agent against insect pest for sustainable agriculture. Historical development of Bt as biocontrol, classification of various cry proteins, their mechanisms of actions against different insect-pest, and incorporation of cry genes in the plant for developing transgenic Bt plants such as Bt cotton, potato, and maize. Applications of Bt as biofertilizer and the various bioformulations as biopesticide are also described. Short conclusion: Uses of harmful pesticides and chemical cause various health issues and environmental problem; therefore, the Bt served as the best alternative to overcome the above issue. Also, we aim to explore the potential as plant growth-promoting potential and solubilization of minerals and the uses as a biofertilizer, keeping the high specificity and environmental safety of Bt. Its various formulations are commercially available and considered an efficient alternative to chemical pesticides. © 2021, The Author(s).
Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Madhu Kamle; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Akansha Gupta; Shikha Pandhi; Nitya Sharma; Bharti Sharma; Sadhna Mishra; Shalini Arora; Raman Selvakumar; Vivek Saurabh; Jyoti Dhakane-Lad; Manoj Kumar; Sreejani Barua; Arvind Kumar; Shirani Gamlath; Pradeep Kumar
Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and dairy products, as well as red mold rice. CIT exerts nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects in both humans and animals, thereby raising concerns regarding the consumption of CIT-contaminated food and feed. Hence, to minimize the risk of CIT contamination in food and feed, understanding the incidence of CIT occurrence, its sources, and biosynthetic pathways could assist in the effective implementation of detection and mitigation measures. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on sources of CIT, its prevalence in food and feed, biosynthetic pathways, and genes involved, with a major focus on detection and management strategies to ensure the safety and security of food and feed. © 2022 by the authors. icensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Deoxynivalenol: An Overview on Occurrence, Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Health Effects and Its Detection, Management, and Control Strategies in Food and Feed
(Page Press Publications, 2022) Madhu Kamle; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Akansha Gupta; Shikha Pandhi; Bharti Sharma; Kajal Dhawan; Vasundhara; Sadhna Mishra; Manoj Kumar; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Prasad Rasane; Raman Selvakumar; Arvind Kumar; Shirani Gamlath; Pradeep Kumar
Mycotoxins are fungi-produced secondary metabolites that can contaminate many foods eaten by humans and animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is formed by Fusarium, is one of the most common occurring predominantly in cereal grains and thus poses a significant health risk. When DON is ingested, it can cause both acute and chronic toxicity. Acute signs include abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, increased salivation, vomiting, and malaise. The most common effects of chronic DON exposure include changes in dietary efficacy, weight loss, and anorexia. This review provides a succinct overview of various sources, biosynthetic mechanisms, and genes governing DON production, along with its consequences on human and animal health. It also covers the effect of environmental factors on its production with potential detection, management, and control strategies. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Development of colloidal Gold nanoparticle based lateral-flow assay for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 showing enhanced sensitivity and specificity
(Open Science Publishers LLP Inc., 2023) Suresh Singh; Tapan Singha; Rajat Maheshwari; Pankaj Yadav; Arun Kumar; Harendra Bhoj; Bharti Sharma; Amit Verma; Amit Gupta; Harsh Singh; Sonal Mishra; Rajeshwar Sinha
To stop the spread of COVID-19 in this outbreak, diagnostic testing is essential. Quick diagnostic tests must be employed in this pandemic, which is brought on by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 virus, to successfully treat and manage COVID-19. There are several problems with the present RT-PCR system that the lateral flow assay (LFA), a kind of clinically sensitive diagnostic test, may be able to fix, especially in low-and middle-income nations. Gold nanoparticle-(AuNP-LFA) is a practical method for detecting COVID-19 in basic hospitals and laboratories, particularly in emergency situations where many samples must be quickly examined. Safe, accurate, and non-toxic diagnostic tests must be employed during the pandemic, to successfully treat and manage COVID-19. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid monoclonal antibody was employed to detect COVID-19 antigens in the presence of patients to establish a fast LFA for COVID-19. Synthesis of colloidal gold particles and antibody colloidal gold conjugates was evaluated by using UV/Vis spectroscopy. A capture line made of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was coated on nitrocellulose membrane. To create the control line, goat anti-mouse IgG monoclonal antibody was coated. On a polystyrene backing board, the immunochromatographic strip was constructed in the ideal order. Using ELISA as the standard procedure, the strips’ sensitivity and specificity were assessed. The results’ stability and repeatability were evaluated over a 9-month period. Colloidal gold nanoparticle-based LFAs created in this study can be employed for quicker and more accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2. © 2023 Singh, et al.
Ethnopharmacological properties and Nutraceutical potential of Moringa oleifera
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Raveena Kargwal; Madhu Kamle; Bharti Sharma; Shikha Pandhi; Sadhna Mishra; Akansha Gupta; M.M. Chayan Mahmud; Maneesh Kumar Gupta; Lal Bihari Singha; Pradeep Kumar
Background: Moringa oleifera Lam (family Moringaceae) is a plant innate to India and has now been cultivated in various other regions of the world. It is extensively grown for its highly nutritious plant parts as a source of various nutrients like proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients like carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, etc. It has been widely stimulated in the regions of chronic as a nutritional supplement for infants and children. Methods: The search tools like Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were used for a thorough literature search till 2021. Results: In this review, the diversified phytochemical profile and high therapeutically potential have been documented. The current review intends to present an updated comprehensive overview of this versatile plant's nutritional value, therapeutic components, and ethnopharmacological properties. Conclusion: This plant has gained immense potential and increasing exploration as a nutraceutical. The ethnopharmacological properties of various compounds, along with their mode of action, are discussed briefly. Also, relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials are highlighted, which are in great demand and need further in-depth investigation in the future. © 2021 The Author(s)
Functionality Test Methods for Biodegradable Polymers
(Springer Nature, 2022) Bharti Sharma; Arvind Kumar; Akansha Gupta
Petroleum-based materials are being used for packaging of the food products for a long time. However, their resistance to biodegradation has a harmful impact on the environment, and therefore, the trend is shifting towards the use of biodegradable polymers. Besides their ability to degrade naturally, it is also important that they possess similar quality like conventional plastic-based packaging in terms of its stability towards light, oxygen, water and strength which are recognized by ISO (International Organization for Standardization), OECD and ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) so as to promote usage at commercial level. It is essential to understand the properties of the film not only to check for the biodegradability but also for their application in long-term packaging, protection of the contained product from environmental obstacles and transportation and properties of food itself. Besides, the use of active packaging involves incorporation of certain bioactive agent which add to the functionality of the packaging material. There are various methods that are used to test the properties of the polymer. In this chapter, an overview of different methods to test for the functionality of the polymers will be discussed, in consideration to their degradation, strength and barrier properties against various environmental factor. In addition to this, international standards for biodegradation test for the material and for sample preparation are also described. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Occurrence, impact on agriculture, human health, and management strategies of zearalenone in food and feed: A review
(MDPI AG, 2021) Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Sheetal Devi; Shikha Pandhi; Bharti Sharma; Kamlesh Kumar Maurya; Sadhna Mishra; Kajal Dhawan; Raman Selvakumar; Madhu Kamle; Awdhesh Kumar Mishra; Pradeep Kumar
Mycotoxins represent an assorted range of secondary fungal metabolites that extensively occur in numerous food and feed ingredients at any stage during pre- and post-harvest conditions. Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin categorized as a xenoestrogen poses structural similarity with natural estrogens that enables its binding to the estrogen receptors leading to hormonal misbalance and numerous reproductive diseases. ZEN is mainly found in crops belonging to temperate regions, primarily in maize and other cereal crops that form an important part of various food and feed. Because of the significant adverse effects of ZEN on both human and animal, there is an alarming need for effective detection, mitigation, and management strategies to assure food and feed safety and security. The present review tends to provide an updated overview of the different sources, occurrence and biosynthetic mechanisms of ZEN in various food and feed. It also provides insight to its harmful effects on human health and agriculture along with its effective detection, management, and control strategies. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.
Ochratoxins in food and feed: Occurrence and its impact on human health and management strategies
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Pradeep Kumar; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Bharti Sharma; Rituraj Borah; Shafiul Haque; M.M. Chayan Mahmud; Ajay Kumar Shah; Deepaksshi Rawal; Himashree Bora; Sukni Bui
Ochratoxins (OTs) are a group of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. which are ubiquitous. They infect the crops during pre- and post-harvest conditions and contaminate various food and feed. Among all the OTs produced, ochratoxin A (OTA) poses serious health issues like neurotoxicity and carcinogenesis. The harmful impact of the toxins is observed in both humans and animals. The toxins get accumulated in the organs of animals through the contaminated animal-feed which further contaminate the products derived from them, such as milk and meat-based products. Therefore, sensitive and robust identification, detection, and quantification methods along with efficient management and control measures are crucial. Spectrometric and spectroscopy techniques are quite sensitive and lead to better detection of the toxin in the food products. Control and preventive measures during harvesting, storage and transportation are found to be effective in managing the production of such toxins. This review insight on the occurrence, chemistry, biosynthesis, effects on human health and agriculture, detections, management, and control strategies of ochratoxins. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Patulin in food: A mycotoxin concern for human health and its management strategies
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Madhu Kamle; Bharti Sharma; Shikha Pandhi; Sheetal Devi; Kajal Dhawan; Raman Selvakumar; Diwakar Mishra; Arvind Kumar; Shalini Arora; Namita Ashish Singh; Pradeep Kumar
The mycotoxin patulin is primarily produced as a secondary metabolite by numerous fungal species and predominantly by Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, and Penicillium species. It is generally associated with fungal infected food materials. Penicillium expansum is considered the only fungal species liable for patulin contamination in pome fruits, especially in apples and apple-based products. This toxin in food poses serious health concerns and economic threat, which has aroused the need to adopt effective detection and mitigation strategies. Understanding its origin sources and biosynthetic mechanism stands essential for efficiently designing a management strategy against this fungal contamination. This review aims to present an updated outline of the sources of patulin occurrence in different foods and their biosynthetic mechanisms. It further provides information regarding the detrimental effects of patulin on human and agriculture as well as its effective detection, management, and control strategies. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Pharmacological properties, therapeutic potential, and legal status of Cannabis sativa L.: An overview
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Pradeep Kumar; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Madhu Kamle; Rituraj Borah; Bharti Sharma; Shikha Pandhi; Vijay Tripathi; Hardeo Singh Yadav; Sheetal Devi; Umesh Patil; Jianbo Xiao; Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
Marijuana, or Cannabis sativa L., is a common psychoactive plant used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. In many countries, cannabis-based medicines have been legalized under certain conditions because of their immense prospects in medicinal applications. With a comprehensive insight into the prospects and challenges associated with the pharmacological use and global trade of C. sativa, this mini-review focuses on the medicinal importance of the plant and its legal status worldwide; the pharmacological compounds and its therapeutic potential along with the underlying public health concerns and future perspective are herein discussed. The existence of major compounds including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol, cannabinol, and cannabichromene contributes to the medicinal effects of the cannabis plant. These compounds are also involved in the treatment of various types of cancer, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease displaying several mechanisms of action. Cannabis sativa is a plant with significant pharmacological potential. However, several aspects of the plant need an in-depth understanding of the drug mechanism and its interaction with other drugs. Only after addressing these health concerns, legalization of cannabis could be utilized to its full potential as a future medicine. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Role of nanoliposomes for encapsulation of natural foods
(Apple Academic Press, 2023) Bharti Sharma; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Arvind Kumar
The major challenge today is to obtain a formulation that can exhibit satis¬factory bioavailability of the nutraceutical. Nanotechnology appears as a better approach to enhance the solubility, stability, and permeability of the encapsulated material. The small size of the nanoparticles along with their composition offers great research opportunities. Nanoparticles can have different structural formulations, like nanoemulsions, micelles, nanolipo¬somes, and nanocochelates. The use of liposomes in the pharmaceutical industry for better and targeted drug delivery and in chemotherapy has shown promising results; therefore, the food industry also intends to utilize them for delivery of bioactive components of the food, such as polyphe¬nols, flavor components, fatty acids, and enzymes. Protection of sensitive bioactive molecules in the gastrointestinal system and even when present in external environment, storage stability, and enhanced bioavailability in the body are some of the benefits that are offered by the nanoliposomes. Hence, this chapter will focus on the advantages of nanotechnology, with a brief about different nano-based delivery systems. This will be followed by an introduction to nanoliposomes, their classification, and methods of preparation in detail. With a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of nanoliposomal technology, this chapter will end up with its application and present status in the market. © 2024 Apple Academic Press, Inc. Co-published with CRC Press (Taylor & Francis). All rights reserved.
Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy): Phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, clinical application and conservation strategies
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Pradeep Kumar; Madhu Kamle; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Himashree Bora; Bharti Sharma; Prasad Rasane; Vivek K. Bajpai
Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) is a medicinal plant used in folk and Ayurvedic medicines throughout India since ancient times. All the parts of the plant are immensely useful due to the presence of different compounds of pharmaceutical importance belonging to various groups as alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoid, and phenolics. These compounds possess pharmacological properties, which make it anti-diabetic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, hepato-protective, and immuno-modulatory. However, due to the increasing population, there is an in-adequate supply of drugs. Therefore, this review focuses on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, clinical application and its conservation strategies so that the plant can be conserved for future generations and utilized as alternative medicine as well as to design various pharmacologically important drugs. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.
Trichothecenes in food and feed: Occurrence, impact on human health and their detection and management strategies
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Shikha Pandhi; Madhu Kamle; Akansha Gupta; Bharti Sharma; Brajesh Kumar Panda; Shubhangi Srivastava; Manoj Kumar; Raman Selvakumar; Arun Kumar Pandey; Priyanka Suthar; Shalini Arora; Arvind Kumar; Shirani Gamlath; Ajay Bharti; Pradeep Kumar
Trichothecenes (TCNs) are the mycotoxins produced by many fungal species such as Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Stachybotrys and pose a considerable health risk. Based on their characteristic functional moieties, they are divided into four categories: Type A (T-2, HT-2, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), harzianum A, neosolaniol (NEO) and trichodermin), Type B (deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), trichothecin and fusarenon X), Type C (crotocin) and Type D (satratoxin G & H, roridin A and verrucarin A) with types A and B being the most substantial. TCNs cause growth retardation in eukaryotes, suppress seedling growth or regeneration in plants and could be a reason for animal reproductive failure. Due to the increased frequency of occurrence and widespread distribution of TCNs in food and feed, knowledge of their sources of occurrence is essential to strategise their control and management. Hence, this review provides an overview of various types and sources of TCNs, the associated biosynthetic pathways and genes responsible for production in food and feed. Further, various processing and environmental effects on TCNs production, detection techniques and management strategies are also briefly outlined. © 2022