Browsing by Author "Bijendra Singh"

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Anti-diabetic phenolic compounds of black carrot (Daucus carota subspecies sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) inhibit enzymes of glucose metabolism: An in silico and in vitro validation
(Bentham Science Publishers B.V., 2018) Suhas G. Karkute; Tanmay K. Koley; Bijen K. Yengkhom; Ajay Tripathi; Shivani Srivastava; Arti Maurya; Bijendra Singh
Background: Black carrot is known to be effective against Type 2 diabetes. The phenolic compounds present in black carrot are responsible for this property, but limited information was available about the mechanism of action and target enzymes. Objective: The present study aims at understanding molecular interactions of phenolic compounds of black carrot with enzymes involved in glucose metabolism in human to identify the potential inhibitor that can be used as candidate drug molecule to control diabetes. Method: In vitro assay for inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and DPP-IV was carried out using black carrot purified extract and the standard inhibitor acarbose and vildagliptin, recpectively. The inhibition activity of selected phenolic compounds was also studied by in silico docking with all these three enzymes for the proper understanding of interactions. Encapsulation of purified black carrot extract was also carried out. Results: In vitro IC50 value of purified extract was found to be better than the standard inhibitor acarbose for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and vildagliptin for DPP-IV. Similarly, docking scores of few anthocyanin molecules were found to be higher than their respective inhibitors, suggesting more effective inhibition. Among anthocyanin molecules of black carrot, cyanidin 3-xylosyl galactoside was found to be the potential drug to inhibit these enzymes, whereas dipeptidyl peptidase IV was identified as the best target to control diabetes with anthocyanins of black carrot. Conclusion: Anthocyanins from black carrot were found to be effective to control diabetes and very first time we propose that cyanidin 3-xylosyl galactoside is the best potential molecule for inhibiting enzymes involved in glucose metabolism. The study also shows the encapsulation of anthocyanin compounds using β-cyclodextrin. © 2018 Bentham Science Publishers.
Drought mediated physiological and molecular changes in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
(Public Library of Science, 2019) Waquar Akhter Ansari; Neelam Atri; Javed Ahmad; Mohammad Irfan Qureshi; Bijendra Singh; Ram Kumar; Vandna Rai; Sudhakar Pandey
Water deficiency up to a certain level and duration leads to a stress condition called drought. It is a multi-dimensional stress causing alteration in the physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular traits in plants resulting in improper plant growth and development. Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses responsible for loss of crops including muskmelon (Cucumis melo. L). Muskmelon genotype SC-15, which exhibits high drought resistance as reported in our earlier reports, was exposed to deficient water condition and studied for alteration in physiological, molecular and proteomic profile changes in the leaves. Drought stress results in reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration (E) rate. With expanded severity of drought, declination recorded in content of total chlorophyll and carotenoid while enhancement observed in phenol content indicating generation of oxidative stress. In contrary, activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol (POD) were increased under drought stress. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) showed that drought increased the relative abundance of 38 spots while decreases10 spots of protein. The identified proteins belong to protein synthesis, photosynthesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, stress response, transcription regulation, metabolism, energy and DNA binding. A drought-induced MADSbox transcription factor was identified. The present findings indicate that under drought muskmelon elevates the abundance of defense proteins and suppresses catabolic proteins. The data obtained exhibits possible mechanisms adopted by muskmelon to counter the impacts of drought induced stress. © 2019 Ansari et al.
Genetic diversity in muskmelon based on SSR markers and morphological traits under well-watered and water-deficit condition
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Waquar Akhter Ansari; Neelam Atri; Luming Yang; Bijendra Singh; Sudhakar Pandey
In the present study genetic diversity among 48 muskmelon accessions was analyzed employing various morphological traits under well-watered and water-deficit condition and SSR markers. Maximum values for horticultural traits were, 44 cm for fruit polar circumference, 33.2 cm for fruit equatorial circumference, 21 for number of fruits, 41.5 for days to first male flowering, 44 for days to 50% male flowering, 44 days to first female flowering, 45 days to 50% female flowering and 5.66 for number of shoot branching under well-watered condition. While under water-deficit condition maximum values of same parameters were 28.8 cm, 26 cm, 18, 37.2, 39, 47, 46.2 and 4.4, respectively. Based on morphological traits genotypes were clustered in three major clusters under well-watered condition, while grouped in five major clusters under water-deficit condition. Out of the 52 SSR markers, 35 produced polymorphic patterns, a total of 125 amplification products were obtained, the mean number of alleles per locus was 3.57, and the size of amplified products ranged from 120 bp to 605 bp. The average PIC value was estimated to be 0.492. Jaccard similarity coefficients calculated from SSR data varied from 0.03 to 0.89 with a mean value of 0.46. The clustering pattern of muskmelon accessions based on SSR markers was random but not in consonance with the groupings based on quantitative traits under well-watered and water-deficit condition. High genetic variability was observed based on various morphological traits, under both well-watered and water-deficit condition and SSR markers, indicating genetically diverse accessions. © 2020
High-density genetic linkage map based on arbitrary and microsatellite markers using inter-specific recombinant inbred lines in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
(Springer, 2020) Pallavi Mishra; Shailesh K. Tiwari; Sarvesh P. Kashyap; Kavindra N. Tiwari; Major Singh; Bijendra Singh
Eggplant is an important Solanaceous vegetable crop with distinct morphological forms, colours, and shape of the fruits. Limited genomic coverage of the crop is a major constraint to unfold the cause of morphological variations underlying the contrasting traits. Therefore, with the aim to initiate targeted breeding efforts and to render ready-to-use markers for application in mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/genes and to facilitate MAS, arbitrary and microsatellite molecular markers were used to map an inter-specific mapping population of 114 F8-recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed using two contrasting lines, Ramnagar Giant (Solanum melongena L.) and W-4 (S. incanum L.). The arbitrary and microsatellite markers were screened for polymorphism with aim to cover the whole genome of eggplant. Of the total 1443 number of markers investigated, 6.07% RAPDs, 25% ISSR, 46.25% SCoT, and 22.46% SSRs revealed polymorphism between the parental lines, and were used for genotyping the RILs population. The results exhibit robust and sturdy nature of SCoT and microsatellite markers in unwrapping variations between both genotypes. Further, a high-density genetic linkage map was constructed with LOD threshold ≥ 4 clustered into 12 tentative linkage groups and spanning 1165 cM of the eggplant genome with an average marker density of 4.13 cM. The results shall further be used in mapping QTLs of agri-horticultural traits in eggplant. © 2020, Society for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology.
High-Resolution LCMS Profiling of Phenolic Compounds of Indian Black Carrot and Evaluation of Its Effect on Antioxidant Defense and Glucose Metabolism in Animal Model
(Springer, 2019) Tanmay Kumar Koley; Shivani Srivastava; Y.B. Tripathi; Kaushik Banerjee; Dasharath Oulkar; Arnab Goon; Ajay Tripathi; Bijendra Singh
Black carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.), an indigenous vegetable of India, has been widely used for the preparation of traditional fermented product Kanji, and traditional medicine for treating various kinds of diseases. Although previous research has reported its biochemical composition and some in vitro functional properties, very scanty information is available to date on the in vivo effect of black carrot. Given this gap of knowledge, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of black carrot on antioxidant defense, glucose metabolism and renal, as well as hepatic toxicity in normal Charles Foster albino rats. In addition, secondary metabolites were identified by high-resolution LCMS and in vitro antioxidant activity was also assessed. LC/MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of nine anthocyanins and two flavonols. Among these, four new compounds were putatively identified for the first time. Under in vivo condition, feeding of black carrot juice for 30 days resulted in the reduction in the superoxide dismutase activity, both in dose- and time-dependent manner. It was also observed that feeding of rats with black carrot juice for 30 days reduced their blood triglyceride concentration, both in dose- and time-dependent manners. No significant effect was observed on plasma glucose concentration, and also, no toxicity was noted with regard to the functioning of the kidney and liver. © 2018, NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences).
Standardization of screening technique and evaluation of muskmelon genotypes for drought tolerance
(Cambridge University Press, 2018) Sudhakar Pandey; Waquar Akhter Ansari; Neelam Atri; Bijendra Singh; Sunil Gupta; Kangila Venkataraman Bhat
A five-point drought stress screening methodology for muskmelon based on visual observation has been standardized by modifying an earlier field screening method. The scale (1 to 5), were categorized into five groups, namely, highly drought tolerant (1), drought tolerant (2), average drought tolerant (3), drought susceptible (4) and highly drought susceptible (5). To validate and standardized the technique, 48 genotypes of muskmelon were evaluated for two successive years. Important physiological parameters, i.e.: relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll concentration index (CCI), root and shoot length were measured and correlated to make screening results more reliable. Drought tolerance efficiency of genotypes was calculated based on yield, and drought-tolerant genotypes were identified with better yield efficiency and ranking on visual scale. Whereas, yield efficiency of some drought-tolerant genotypes were less, althouth they came under drought-tolerant scale. Being a tolerant genotype, these may not be economical for commercial cultivation. Under water-deficit condition a significant positive correlation was observed between drought tolerance efficiency, and RWC, Fv/Fm, CCI and root length. Out of 48 genotypes, 14 genotypes were came under highly drought-tolerant category based on 5 point scale. © Copyright NIAB 2016.