Browsing by Author "Bitan Naik"

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Clinico-histopathological study of varicose vein and role of matrix metalloproteinases-1, matrix metalloproteinases-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in varicose vein formation
(Medknow Publications, 2016) Bitan Naik; Mohan Kumar; Ajay Kumar Khanna; Pradeep Kumar Suman
Background and Aims: Varicose vein (VV) is an important cause of morbidity in the young and elderly population. Many studies of the Western country suggest that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of VV, but limited work has been done in Indian population. The aim of this study is to study detailed histology of VV and to see the expression of MMP-1, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Materials and Methods: A total of 63 cases of VV and 10 control leg veins were included in this prospective study. Paraffin sections of VV were prepared. Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E), Masson trichrome and Verhoeff's staining were performed. Immunohistochemistry of VV was done with MMP-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 antibodies. Cytoplasmic expression of MMP-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were graded as intense positive (++), weak/slight positive (+), and absent (-). Results: Focal intimal thickening (47.6%), increased medial thickening (73%) and fragmentation of elastin fibers (84.1%) were the major histological changes noted in H and E and special stained sections. MMP-1 expression increased in all layers of VV in 58 cases (92.1%) as compared to control veins. As compared to the control veins, intimal and adventitial expression of MMP-9 were increased in 31 (49.2%) and 40 (63.5%) cases, respectively. Expression of TIMP-1 was absent in both the varicose and the control veins. Conclusion: Increased expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 suggests they have an important role in the pathogenesis of V.V. © 2016 Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.
Comparative Efficacy of Autologous Blood and Dextrose Prolotherapy in the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Hypermobility: A Rabbit Model Study
(Springer, 2025) Preeti Tiwari; Amit Nandan Dwivedi; T. P. Chaturvedi; Rahul Patel; Om Prakash Singh; Bitan Naik; Nishtha Chauhan
Introduction: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypermobility affects broad demographic, challenging the efficacy of traditional treatments. The aim of this study is to investigate therapeutic potential of autologous blood injections (ABI) vs dextrose prolotherapy in rabbit model, through detailed histopathological & radiological analyses. Material and Methods: After ethical approval from the institutional committee, a hypermobile joint model was established in rabbits through surgery affirmed by MRI. Subsequently, rabbits were randomly divided into two groups i.e. ABI and dextrose solution. In each group, one joint was designated as control, treated with saline. Following surgical induction of TMJ hypermobility, treatments were administered, & outcome was assessed through histological examination for fibrosis grading & CD68 staining for macrophage infiltration. Results: The ABI group exhibited a higher fibrosis grade (> 75% in 50% of joints) & stronger CD68 staining, indicating a significant fibrotic response & macrophage infiltration compared to dextrose group. In contrast, control joints displayed no fibrosis grades & negative CD68 staining. Conclusion: The study highlights both ABI & dextrose prolotherapy elicit significant fibrotic responses in treating TMJ hypermobility, indicating their therapeutic mechanisms. ABI in particular, triggers more marked inflammatory reaction, underscoring its potential efficacy. Further evaluation is essential to understand its clinical significance and applicability in managing TMJ disorders. © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2025.
Cutaneous metastases of prostatic adenocarcinoma
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2015) Shashikant C.U. Patne; Bitan Naik; Pranab Patnaik; Sameer Trivedi
Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA) is a common visceral malignancy of elderly men. Cutaneous metastasis of PA is rare. The incidence is <1%. A 55-year-old man presented with urinary symptoms and multiple cutaneous nodules around suprapubic region, inner aspect of both thighs and scrotum. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of cutaneous nodules was suggestive of metastatic adenocarcinoma. Skin and prostatic biopsies confirmed the cytological diagnosis. Serum level of prostate specific antigen was raised. Total prostatectomy revealed adenocarcinoma of Gleason's score 7 (3 + 4). Though rare, cutaneous metastases of PA must be known to cytopathologists. Meticulously performed FNAC in such cases may help in early diagnosis.
Ovotesticular Disorder of Sex Development in a Tertiary Care Center in North India: A Single‑center Analysis over a 5‑year Period
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Sarita Chowdhary; Maneesha Upadhayaya; Gunjan Rai; Manpreet Kaur; Nitish Kumar Singh; Kanika Sharma; Ritesh Yadav; Bitan Naik; Shiv Prasad Sharma; Royana Singh
Background: Disorders of sexual development (DSD) encompass a group of congenital conditions characterized by diverse genotypic and phenotypic variations. Ovotesticular (OT) DSD is a distinctive subtype within this spectrum. Among the array of DSD, OT-DSD stands as one of the most infrequent anomalies, with reported prevalence rates as scarce as 1 in 83,000. This study aims to elucidate the clinical, hormonal, cytogenetic, surgical, and histopathological characteristics of OT disorder of sex development (OT-DSD) within a tertiary center in North India. Methodology: A retrospective analysis was conducted, involving a comprehensive review of records pertaining to OT-DSD patients from the years 2018 to 2022, all of whom were incorporated into the study. Results: The mean age of presentation in this study was 10 years, spanning from 6 to 15 years. Predominantly, the affected individuals were male, with a solitary patient representing the female category. Clinical manifestations displayed a spectrum encompassing genital ambiguity, inguinal swelling, and primary amenorrhea. The karyotypes observed were 46,XX in four patients and 46,XY in one patient. A holistic assessment, inclusive of clinical evaluation, hormonal assays, pelvic ultrasonography, and surgical intervention when necessary, was administered to all patients. Among these cases, three patients were reared as males, their gender assignment driven by external genital appearance and sociocultural influences. Notably, none of the patients manifested gonadal tumors during the course of the study. Conclusion: In cases of ambiguous genitalia, the consideration of OT-DSD should be integral to the differential diagnosis, underscoring the significance of heightened clinical awareness and informed decision-making. © 2023 National Journal of Clinical Anatomy | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
Prevalence of Antineutrophil cytoplasmic Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and its relevance with Clinical manifestations
(Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2024) Bitan Naik; Mahima Yadav; Vikas Kailashiya; Anu Singh; Anup Singh; Sandip Kumar
Background: Role of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and its association with clinical manifestations is not completely understood. Prevalence data of ANCA in SLE patients of Indian population is limited. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to measure the prevalence of ANCAs in SLE patients and study its association with clinical manifestations of SLE. Material and Methods: Total 92 patients of SLE cases were included in this prospective observational study. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data was collected in all patients. Serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA, proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA, antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-dsDNA antibody and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies were measured by enzyme immune assay methods. Serum Complement C3 and C4 estimation was done by nephelometer. Unpaired t test was used to find the significance difference in mean value between ANCA positive and ANCA negative group. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data of two groups. Results: Nineteen cases (20.65%) showed ANCA positivity. Ten cases were positive for PR3-ANCA and seven cases were positive for MPO-ANCA. Two cases were detected with dual MPO and PR3-ANCA. Nephritis was significantly more common in ANCA positive SLE patients. Rest all of clinical manifestations, anti-dsDNA antibody positivity, ENAs antibodies positivity and reduction in complement level did not show any significant correlation with presence of ANCA antibody. Conclusion: In contrast to results of earlier studies, PR3-ANCA was more prevalent in our study population. Renal system involvement was significantly high in ANCA positive SLE patients as compared to ANCA negative patients. © RJPT All right reserved 24; 17(10):5065-5070.
RENAL BIOPSY PATTERN IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH CLINICAL PARAMETERS
(Educational Autonomous Non-Profit Organization Nephrology, 2023) Gyanendra Singh; Bitan Naik; Usha Singh; Anjali Modi; Rushang Dave
BACKGROUND. Diabetic nephropathy is a condition marked by persistent proteinuria, hypertension, and a progressive loss of renal function. End-stage kidney disease needing continuous renal replacement treatment is now primarily caused by diabetes. According to Kimmelstiel and Wilson, the hallmark lesion of diabetic nephropathy is nodular glomerulosclerosis. Diabetic nephropathy or Nondiabetic renal disease, or the coexistence of both can be seen in renal histopathology and in differentiating between these diagnostic groups can have an impact on patient care and prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Total of 21 cases of Diabetic nephropathy were included in the study. Clinical details and laboratory parameters like diastolic blood pressure, creatinine level, 24 hrs urinary protein level and HbA1C% were recorded in pretested performa in all cases. The biopsy specimens were stained with hematoxylin & eosin and special stains. RESULTS. Among the total DM cases only 21 patients have done renal biopsy, 11 cases (52.3 %) showed KW lesion (Class III) while 06 cases (28.5 %) showed diffuse diabetic glomerulosclerosis (Class IV). The remaining 04 cases (19 %) showed a mild increase in mesangial matrix and slight thickening of glomerular basement membrane (Class II). When compared with clinical parameters, they were more raised in Nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis type (Class III) lesion as compared to diffuse diabetic glomerulosclerosis. CONCLUSION. Nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis was the most common lesion in renal biopsy of type II diabetes mellitus patients. This KW lesion is responsible for more severe clinical and biochemical renal abnormality in most patients with type II diabetes mellitus. © 2023 The authors.
Role of HLA alleles polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus: A prospective study from North India
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Ranjan Rana; Bitan Naik; Mahima Yadav; Usha Singh; Anup Singh; Shailja Singh
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder and has complex etiopathogenesis. The most appropriate hypothesis states that genetic susceptibility in the presence of environmental risk factors predisposes to SLE. HLA class II alleles are critical to immune response and are highly polymorphic. Various alleles in HLA-DR and -DQ regions were analyzed in SLE patients and healthy controls to see their role in susceptibility or protection to SLE. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study, in which a total of 100 SLE patients and 100 controls were analyzed. HLA typing was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) method (SSO probe). Results: DRβ1∗0301 was significantly increased in SLE patients when compared to controls and had the highest odds ratio. Other risk factor alleles found to be increased were DRβ1∗0701, DQβ1∗0202, and DQβ1∗0301, which had a significant positive association with SLE, suggesting their role in susceptibility to SLE. In contrast, DRβ1∗0401, DRβ1∗1401, DRβ1∗1404, DRβ1∗1501, DQβ1∗0501, and DQα1∗0201 showed statistically significant reduction in SLE patients, while these were much more common in controls, suggesting their protective role. Conclusion: This study is only the second study in patients from North India and it determines the role of DRβ1∗0301, DRβ1∗0701, DQβ1∗0202, and DQβ1∗0301 alleles as risk factors in SLE patients. © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.