Browsing by Author "Brijesh Pawan Kumar"

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Analysis of potential neuropharmacological activity and attenuating effect in chronic constriction induced neuropathic pain using Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand flower ethanol extract
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Ashutosh Kumar; Brijesh Pawan Kumar; Raj Kumar; Vinod N. Tiwari; Pratistha K. Singh; Ajay Kumar; Manish Kumar Singh; Chandra Shekhar Azad; Ankit Uniyal
Background: Calotropis procera, also known as "毒竹 du zhu" in Chainese, is used in several remedies to treat a variety of ailments, including inflammatory diseases, skin concerns, pain disorders, and respiratory issues. It has been observed that the various parts of the plant have been traditionally used for as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions. The flower of this herb has not been investigated for these pharmacological properties. Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the neuropharmacological profile and ameliorative potential of ethanolic extract of C. procera flower (EECP) in chronic constriction injury (CCI) induced neuropathic pain in rats. Methods: GCMS analysis was performed to identify the active phytocmpounds of the plant. Neuropharmacological profile has been investigated by maximal electroshock seizure and pentylenetetrazole for antiepileptic, elevated maze plus and open field test for anxiety, tail suspension and forced swim test for depressant activity, and acetylcholinesterase and Morris water maze test for cognition. Anti-neuropathic pain was assessed via heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia tests in rats after inducing CCI. Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were determined by ELISA kits. SOD and nitrile level were measured for antioxidant activity. Sciatic nerve's histopathological changes for nerve deformity were evaluated by H &E staining. Results: GCMS analysis revealed the presence of phytocompounds Lupeool, acetate, n-hexadecanoic acid, γ-sitosterol, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, β-Amyrin, phytol and other compounds. In neuropharmacological profile, EECP had a significant anticonvulsant effect, a decrease in locomotor activity, indicating a sedative effect but showed no anxiolytic effect. The immobility time decreased significantly in both the forced swim test and tail suspension test. The activity of acetylcholinesterase in the brain was decreased and Morris water test results revealed a shorter escape latency and greater time spent in the target quadrant. In anti-neuropathic pain assessment, the EECP reduced CCI-induced hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were reduced while SOD levels increased and nitrite levels decreased in the sciatic nerve. Histological analysis revealed sciatic nerve deformity was reduced. Conclusion: It is concluded that extract showed a potent antiepileptic, antidepressant, cognition enhancer and protective against nerve deformity and neuropathic pain. Phytocompounds identified via GCMS having neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be correlated with the neuropharmacological and analgesic activities of the extract. © 2025
Case Studies and Patient Stories
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2025) Devinder Kumar; Brijesh Pawan Kumar; Raj N. Kumar; Pratistha Singh
Pharmacological metabolism issues put patient safety at risk by raising the possibility of side effects and inadequate treatment results. This summary attempts to explain the challenges associated with drug metabolism, particularly long-term polypharmacy with metabolites -when an unintended change has direct and clinically meaningful effects. This is done through a series of cases and patient stories. Metabolism typically consists of a series of enzymatic reactions that occur primarily in the liver and result in drugs being converted into water-soluble forms for excretion. Nevertheless, it is a factor that can be disrupted by genetic polymorphisms, liver diseases affecting its expression or function, drug interactions, and age-related changes in physiological mechanisms. Metabolites can lead to bioaccumulation of a drug, poor therapeutic effects, or adverse events if metabolism is incomplete. A patient with a CYP2D6 enzyme deficiency may convert codeine to morphine more slowly, resulting in inadequate pain relief. Another example is a distant psychiatric patient with underlying liver disease who experiences significant inadequacy of benzodiazepine metabolism, leading to prolonged sedation and respiratory depression. There is also an example of polypharmacy, in which a patient taking multiple medications, including a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, receives a toxic amount of a normally safe dose because the metabolic clearance rate is reduced. They are important examples of incomplete drug metabolism and underscore the imperative incorporation of precise, personalized medicine techniques, including genetic testing, close monitoring of liver function tests (which would account for gender differences in response), and thorough consideration of possible interactions between pharmaceutical agents that contribute to individual variability. This, in turn, allows healthcare professionals to provide more personalized treatment, minimize the risk of side effects, and improve patient outcomes. © 2025, Bentham Books imprint.
Evaluation of anti-allergic and anti-anaphylactic activity of methanolic leaves extract of Chinese native shrub, Premna latifolia Roxb. in rodents
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Raj N. Kumar; Ashutosh Kumar; Brijesh Pawan Kumar; Manish Kumar Singh; Chandra Shekhar Azad
Premna latifolia Roxb. is used in a variety of traditional medicinal usages by the local community people of China and Southeast Asian regions to treat allergy and inflammatory diseases due to its great biodiversity. The anti-allergic efficacy of a methanolic extract of Premna latifolia Roxb. leaves was investigated in this study. The effect of Premna latifolia Roxb. extract at different doses (100, 200, And 300 mg/kg, p. o.) was evaluated on Animal models of asthma And allergy, such as milk-induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis, compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation, and active and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. The impact of Premna latifolia Roxb. extract on sensitized guinea pig ileum and tracheal chain preparations was also studied. At various concentrations, treatment with Premna latifolia Roxb. extract significantly reduced (p value < 0.001) milk-induced eosinophilia, while stabilizing the compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation and lowering passive cutaneous and active anaphylactic reactions. Furthermore, Premna latifolia Roxb. extract prevented acetylcholine and histamine-induced tracheal chain contraction, as well as egg albumin-induced ileum contraction in sensitized guinea pigs (Shultz-Dale inhibition test). The anti-allergic and anti-anaphylactic effect of Premna latifolia Roxb. extract could be attributed to the stability of mast cells. Premna latifolia Roxb. showed anti-allergic and anti-anaphylactic properties at various doses, indicating that it is an effective phytomedicine for treating such illnesses. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.
Phytochemical Investigation and toxicity profiling of Premna latifolia Roxb. leaves extract in rodents
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Raj Kumar; Ashutosh Kumar; Brijesh Pawan Kumar; Ankush Goyal
Premna latifolia Roxb. an ethnomedicinal plant used from time immemorial according to Ayurveda has tremendous medicinal properties because of its phytochemical profiles. This work is therefore intended to assess the phytochemical composition and toxicological effect of P. latifolia Roxb. on rodents. The preliminary phytochemical investigation was conducted on the methanolic extract of the leaves they contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolics. The GC–MS analysis has shown that squalene (13.57%), ergosta- 5,7,9 (11), 22-tetraen- 3-ol, (3. beta., 22E) -(0.15%), stigmasterol (3.73%), gamma-sitosterol (10.13%), lupeol (0.33), and beta-amyrin (2.27) were the most frequently found compounds out of the 66 compounds. To determine safety acute and sub-acute toxicity studies were carried out in rodents. In the acute toxicity study, no death or any loathsomeness transformation of behavior was recorded at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In a study involving groups of animals subjected to once-daily administration of the extract for 28 days, no change in haematological, biochemical, or histological profiles was observed at 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the extract is safe at doses that produce therapeutic effects. This work showed that the phytochemical constituent of Premna latifolia Roxb. leaves extract is quite rich and safe for use based on the principles of traditional medicine and natural drug formulation. More research should be done to identify the various molecules in the plant and to determine their pharmacological actions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.
Porous silicon nanoparticles in codelivery of drugs for improved cellular uptake and targeted drug delivery
(Elsevier, 2025) Raj N. Kumar; Pankaj Kalia; Sunil Dutt; Devinder Kumar; Anurag Kumar Singh; Santosh Kumar Singh; Brijesh Pawan Kumar
Problems with physicochemical characteristics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity frequently cause small compounds’ failure in drug discovery and development. By altering these characteristics, nanotechnology offers an option that enhances the use of medication, safety, and effectiveness while preventing drug degrading and managing release. Because of their high surface area, considerable pore volume, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) have become a viable drug delivery platform. pSiNPs are very useful for codelivery systems because of their properties, which allow them to load and release large quantities of medicinal compounds. When medications are codelivered utilizing pSiNPs, they can have synergistic benefits in complicated conditions like cancer, where the combined action of the pharmaceuticals is more successful than separate therapy. For instance, coadministering chemotherapeutics and gene-silencing agents like siRNA can increase the anticancer effects while lowering treatment resistance. In addition, pSiNPs increase cellular absorption by making it easier for biological barriers to be crossed and permitting receptor-mediated endocytosis, which targets certain tissues or cells and reduces off-target effects while boosting therapeutic efficiency. Drug delivery to unhealthy cells, such as HER2-positive breast cancer cells, may be precisely targeted by attaching targeting ligands, like antibodies, to the surface of pSiNPs. Drug delivery is further improved by the controlled release characteristics of pSiNPs, which guarantee a sustained release throughout time, lower the frequency of administration, and increase patient compliance. Long-term hazards are reduced as their biodegradability prevents pSiNPs from building up in the body. In general, pSiNPs are a flexible and efficient drug delivery technology that has the potential to greatly enhance treatment results, especially when treating complicated diseases like cancer. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Quantum Dots and Nanoprobes for Bioimaging
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Raj Kumar; Devinder Kumar; Sunil Dutt; Pankaj Kalia; Brijesh Pawan Kumar
The development of bioimaging with novel visualisation techniques to track biological processes and enhance illness detection has been aided by quantum dots (QDs) and nanoprobes. The non-invasive analysis of anatomical and functional aspects made possible by advances in bioimaging technology has completely changed medical diagnosis. Before the discovery of quantum confinement increased the potential uses of QDs in bioimaging and sensing, their research was originally concentrated on semiconductor LED applications. Nanoprobes have altered and revolutionised biomedical/clinical diagnostics as well as medical diagnostics (biomedicine) by imaging not only at the molecular level but also genetically based biochemistry. Significant growth in nanotechnology is crucial, especially in preclinical imaging studies that examine the application of nanoparticles for treatment and diagnosis. The formerly impractical potential of nanomaterial applications is becoming possible attributable to these research and development advances. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.