Browsing by Author "Ch.V. Rao"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13

Antinociceptive and antiarthritic activity of Cissampelos pareira roots
(2007) G. Amresh; P.N. Singh; Ch.V. Rao
In the present study, 50% aqueous ethanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira (Menispermaceae) roots (C. pareira) at the dose levels of 100-400 mg/kg, once daily for 3 days exhibited significant (P < 0.001) resistance against mechanical pain after 30 min in analgesymeter induced pain in mice. In acetic acid (0.6%; i.p.) inducing writhing, Cissampelos pareira significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the writhing episodes; the degree of percent protection at 200 and 400 mg/kg was 22.73 and 51.63. The hot plate reaction time was increased by 2.07 (P < 0.05) and 2.70 (P < 0.001) folds. respectively. Further Cissampelos pareira showed the dose dependent significant protective effect against complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis. The percentage protection on the 18th day was 40.54 (P < 0.01) and 71.52 (P < 0.001) at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. Lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and N-acetyl glucosaminidase) were decreased by 50% (P < 0.01) and 26.26% (P < 0.05) by using Cissampelos pareira, dextramethasone decreased them 56.56% (P < 0.01) and 31.82% (P < 0.01) and the glycoprotein contents (total hexose and sialic acid) were increased by 1.55-folds (P < 0.01) and 1.51-folds (P < 0.05) by using Cissampelos pareira while dextramethasone increases them by 1.51-folds (P < 0.001) and 1.60-folds (P < 0.01) respectively in stomach homogenate with respect to arthritic group. The increased pain threshold and protective effect against CFE by Cissampelos pareira vindicated its medicinal value in treatment of pain and arthritis. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Antiulcerogenic effect of methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis: An experimental study
(2002) K. Sairam; Ch.V. Rao; M.Dora Babu; K.Vijay Kumar; V.K. Agrawal; R. K. Goel
The ulcer protective potential of methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (EOE) was assessed in different acute gastric ulcer models in rats induced by aspirin, ethanol, cold restraint stress and pyloric ligation and healing effect in chronic gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid in rats. EOE, 10-50 mg/kg administered orally, twice daily for 5 days showed dose-dependent ulcer protective effects in all the above acute ulcer models (36.0-98.3% protection, P<0.2 to P<0.001) and significant ulcer healing effect in dose of 20 mg/kg after 5 (control ulcer index: 20.2±2.3 mm2/rat, % healing 59.6%, P<0.001) and 10 (control UI: 11.0±1.7, % healing 65.5%, P<0.01) days treatment. Further study on gastric mucosal factors showed that it significantly decreased the offensive factors like acid (acid output-control 118.7±12.1 μEq/4 h, EOE% decrease 65.9%, P<0.01) and pepsin (peptic output-control 738.8 μmol/4 h, EOE% decrease 46.2%, P<0.001) and increased the defensive factors like mucin secretion (TC:P ratio-control 1.21±0.15, EOE% increase 95.0%, P<0.01), cellular mucus (TC:P ratio-control 1.16±0.13, EOE% increase 53.4%, P<0.05) and life span of mucosal cells (DNA content of gastric juice-control 77.3±8.7 μg/m per 100 g body weight, EOE% decrease 42.1%, P<0.05). EOE showed significant antioxidant effect in stressed animals (control UI 35.8±2.5, antioxidant status: LPO 0.58±0.03 nmol MDA/mg protein, SOD and CAT 227.8±6.3 and 18.4±1.2 U/mg protein respectively; EOE% decrease in UI 88.2%, mucosal LPO 69.0%, SOD 53.1% and increase in mucosal CAT 59.8%, P<0.001 respectively) and did not have any effect on cell proliferation in terms of DNA μg/mg protein or glandular weight. The results showed that EOE had significant ulcer protective and healing effects and this might be due to its effects both on offensive and defensive mucosal factors. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
Drug prescription in elderly
(1999) K. Sairam; Ch.V. Rao; R.K. Goel
[No abstract available]
Effect of Centella asiatica Linn on physical and chemical factors induced gastric ulceration and secretion in rats
(2001) K. Sairam; Ch.V. Rao; R.K. Goel
Centella asiatica is commonly mentioned as a Rasayana in Ayurveda, an ancient system of Indian medicine for various ailments including abdominal disorders. Rasayanas have been advocated for use in rejuvenation therapy. The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible anti-ulcerogenic activity of fresh juice of C. asiatica (CAJ) against ethanol-, aspirin-, cold-restraint stress- and pyloric ligation induced gastric ulcers in rats. The drug given orally in doses of 200 and 600 mg/kg twice daily for five days, showed significant protection against all the above experimental ulcer models and the results were comparable with those elicited by sucralfate (SF, 250 mg/kg, po, BD × 5 days). CAJ showed little or no effect on offensive acid-pepsin secretion. However, at 600 mg/kg CAJ significantly increased gastric juice mucin secretion and increased the mucosal cell glycoprotiens signifying increase in cellular mucus. It also decreased cell shedding indicating fortification of mucosal barrier. Thus, the ulcer protective effect of CAJ may be due to strengthening of the mucosal defensive factors.
Effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis chois on gastric ulceration and secretion in rats
(2001) K. Sairam; Ch.V. Rao; R.K. Goel
Convolvulus pluricaulis is an indigenous plant commonly mentioned in Ayurveda, an ancient system of Indian medicine, as a rasayana which is mainly advocated for use in rejuvenation therapy. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential anti-ulcerogenic effect of juice of fresh whole plants of C. pluricaulis (CPJ) against various experimental gastric ulcer models induced by ethanol, aspirin, 2 hr cold restraint stress and 4 hr pyloric ligation in rats. The drug was given orally twice daily for five days in the doses of 375 and 750mg/kg body weight. CPJ showed anti- ulcerogenic effect at both doses in all the experimental gastric ulcer models and was comparable to the reference drug sucralfate (250mg/kg). Gastric juice secretion and mucosal studies were undertaken to find out the possible mechanism of action of antiulcer effect by studying its effects both on offensive and defensive mucosal factors. The antiulcerogenic effect of CPJ was found to be due to augmentation of mucosal defensive factors like mucin secretion, lifespan of mucosal cells and glycoprotiens rather than on the offensive factors like acid-pepsin.
Effect of mild irritant on gastric mucosal offensive and defensive factors
(2000) Ch.V. Rao; R.N. Maiti; R.K. Goel
The effect of hypotonic medium (Distilled water : DW) and hypertonic saline (HS :5% NaCl) compared to control normal saline (NS) was studied on gastric ulcer induced by aspirin, 6 h cold restraint stress, ethanol, and pylorus ligation in rats. DW did not afford any protection while HS showed significant ulcer protective effects in all gastric ulcer models studied. The cytoprotective effect of HS seemed to be not only due to its effect on gastric acid secretion but also its effect on mucosal defensive factors like enhanced mucin secretion and decreased cell shedding. As determined by radioimmunoassay, DW did not produce any change in the accumulation of PGE and PGI2, while HS increased them significantly in the human gastric mucosal incubates compared to NS. However, in the incubates of human colonic mucosa, both DW and HS showed a significant increase in PGE with a tendency to increase in PGI2 accumulation.
Effect of Piper longum Linn, Zingiber officianalis Linn and Ferula species on gastric ulceration and secretion in rats
(2000) A.K. Agrawal; Ch.V. Rao; K. Sairam; V.K. Joshi; R.K. Goel
Use of Dipaniya Mahakasaya, a group consisting of 10 herbal drugs, has been suggested in Charaka Samhita to improve digestion. Out of these 10 plants, three, viz. P. longum (water decoction), Z. officianalis (water decoction) and Ferula species (colloidal solution) were studied for their antiulcer and mechanism of antiulcer effects in rats. All the drugs in the dose of 50 mg/kg, po, 60 min prior to experiment, showed significant protection against gastric ulcers induced by 2 hr cold restraint stress, aspirin (200 mg/kg, 4 hr) and 4 hr pylorus ligation. The antiulcerogenic effect seemed to be due to the augmentation of mucin secretion and decreased cell shedding rather than offensive acid and pepsin secretion which however, were found to be increased by them.
Effect of standardized extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. on gastric mucosal offensive and defensive factors
(2005) R.K. Goel; K. Sairam; M. Dorababu; T. Prabha; Ch.V. Rao
The standardized methanolic extract of leaves of O. sanctum (OSE; eugenol content 5%) given in doses of 50-200 mg/kg, orally, twice daily for five days showed dose-dependent ulcer protective effect against cold restraint stress induced gastric ulcers. Optimal effective dose (100 mg/kg) of OSE showed significant ulcer protection against ethanol and pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcers, but was ineffective against aspirin-induced ulcers. OSE significantly healed ulcers induced by 50% acetic acid after 5 and 10 days treatment. OSE (100mg/kg) significantly inhibited the offensive acid-pepsin secretion and lipid peroxidation and increased the gastric defensive factors like mucin secretion, cellular mucus, and life span of mucosal cells and had antioxidant effect, but did not induce mucosal cell proliferation. The results indicate that the ulcer protective and healing effects of OSE may be due to its effects both on offensive and defensive mucosal factors.
Experimental evaluation of Bocopa monniera on rat gastric ulceration and secretion
(2000) Ch.V. Rao; K. Sairam; R.K. Goel
The anti-ulcerogenic effect of fresh juice from the whole plant of Bocapa monniera Wettst. (BMJ) commonly known as Brahmi in Hindi was examined using gastric ulcer models induced by ethanol, aspirin, 2 h cold restraint stress and 4 h pylorus ligation. Bocaparnonniera juice (BMJ) at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg and sucralfate at a dose of 250 mg/kg were given orally, twice daily for 5 days. BMJ 100-300 mg/kg produced significant antiulcer activity in all the experimental gastric ulcer models except in case of ethanol-induced ulcers where 100 mg/kg was not found to decrease it significantly. BMJ (100-300 mg/kg) was found to have little or no effect on the offensive acid-pepsin secretion, while cell shedding (μg DNA/mg of protein) and mucin secretion in terms of total carbohydrates: protein ration (TC: P), the two important parameters of defensive factors were significantly decreased and increased respectively indicating enhancement of protective mucosal factors. Both BMJ (300 mg/kg) and SF showed tendency to increase the mucosal glycoproteins in terms of TC : P, though individual carbohydrates and total carbohydrates were either increased or showed a tendency to increase. Thus, ulcer protective effect of BMJ may be due to its effect on mucosal defensive factors like enhanced mucin secretion, mucosal glycoprotein and decreased cell shedding rather than on offensive factors such as acid and pepsin.
Experimental evaluation of Emblica officinalis fruit on gastric ulcers and mucosal offensive and defensive factors in rats
(2001) Ch.V. Rao; K. Sairam; R.K. Goel
Emblica officinalis Gaertn has been mentioned in the Ayurveda as a Maharasayana. The rasayanas are drugs which enhance body resistance and are similar to adaptogens in modern medicine and are advocated for use in rejuvenation therapy. Emblica officinalis is reported to protect the individual against biological, physical and chemical stress manifestations. Stress is considered to be one of the important aetiopathogenic factors for peptic ulceration and hence juice of fresh fruits of Emblica officinalis Gaertn (EOJ) was evaluated for its anti-ulcerogenic effect against various rat gastric ulcers induced by cold restraint stress, pylorus ligation, ethanol and aspirin. A preliminary study done with fresh EOJ (240, 480 or 960 mg.kg-1) administered perorally, twice daily for five days, showed a dose-dependent anti-ulcerogenic effect. A dose of 480 mg.kg-1 was then selected for studying the mechanism of anti-ulcer effect on aggressive acid-pepsin secretion and defensive mucosal factors like mucin secretion, cell shedding and mucosal glycoproteins content in 4th pylorus ligated rats. EOJ showed a decrease in aggressive acid-pepsin concentration and output and increased the defensive mucin secretion and glycoprotein content. It decreased cell shedding indicating a decrease in exfoliation and an increase in life span of cells. Hence anti-ulcerogenic effect of EOJ could be due to its effects both on offensive and defensive mucosal factors.
Oral contraceptives in the nineties adverse effects of long term use: Facts and fiction
(1999) Ch.V. Rao; S.K. Bhattacharya
[No abstract available]
Prophylactic and curative effects of Bacopa monniera in gastric ulcer models
(Urban und Fischer Verlag Jena, 2001) K. Sairam; Ch.V. Rao; M. Dora Babu; R.K. Goel
Bacopa monniera Wettst. (BM, syn. Herpestis monniera L; Scrophulariaceae), is an Ayurvedic drug used as a rasayana. Its fresh juice was earlier reported to have significant antiulcerogenic activity. In continuation, methanolic extract of BM (BME) standardized to bacoside-A content (percentage-38.0±0.9), when given in the dose of 10-50 mg/kg, twice daily for 5 days, showed dose-dependent anti-ulcerogenic on various gastric ulcer models induced by ethanol, aspirin, 2 h cold restraint stress and 4 h pylorus ligation. BME in the dose of 20 mg/kg, given for 10 days, twice daily showed healing effects against 50% acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers. Further work was done to investigate the possible mechanisms of its action by studying its effect on various mucosal offensive acid-pepsin secretion and defensive factors like mucin secretion, mucosal cell sheddings, cell proliferation and antioxidant activity in rats. BME 20 mg/kg showed no effect on acid-pepsin secretion, increased mucin secretion, while it decreased cell shedding with no effect on cell proliferation. BME showed significant antioxidant effect per se and in stressed animals. Thus, the gastric prophylactic and curative effects of BME may be due to its predominant effect on mucosal defensive factors.
Role of gastric antioxidant and anti-Helicobactor pylori activities in antiulcerogenic activity of plantain banana (Musa sapientum var. paradisiaca)
(2001) R.K. Goel; K. Sairam; Ch.V. Rao; A. Raman
Studies with plantain banana (Musa sapientum var. paradisiaca) have indicated its ulcer protective and healing activities through its predominant effect on various mucosal defensive factors [Sanyal et.al, Arch Int Pharmacodyn, 149 (1964) 393; 155 (1965) 244]. Oxidative stress and Helicobactor pylori colonization are considered to be important factors in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers. In the present study methanolic extract of plantain banana pulp (BE) was evaluated for its (i) antiulcer and antioxidant activities in 2 hr cold restraint stress and (ii) anti-H.pylori activity in vitro. The extract (BE, 50 mg/kg, twice daily for 5 days) showed significant antiulcer effect and antioxidant activity in gastric mucosal homogenates, where it reversed the increase in ulcer index, lipid peroxidation and super oxide dismutase values induced by stress. However it did not produce any change in catalase values, which was significantly decreased by stress. Further, in the in vitro study, BE (0.32 - 1000 μg/ml) did not show any anti-H.pylori activity. The results suggest absence of anti-H.pyloric activity of methanolic extract of banana in vitro and its antioxidant activity may be involved in its ulcerprotective activity.