Browsing by Author "Chandana Haldar"

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Age dependent expression of melatonin membrane receptor (MT1, MT2) and its role in regulation of nitrosative stress in tropical rodent Funambulus pennanti
(2012) Raise Ahmad; Sameer Gupta; Chandana Haldar
Age-dependent declining level of melatonin induces free radical load and thereby deteriorates immune function. However, reports are lacking about age-dependent melatonin membrane receptor (MT1 & MT2) expression, their role in regulation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and eventually how they affect immunity of a tropical rodent F. pennanti. We checked MT1R, MT2R and iNOS expression in lymphoid organs of young middle and old aged squirrels. Nitrite and nitrate ion concentration (NOx) in lymphoid organs, testes and plasma, lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 level was recorded. Age-dependent decrease in MT1 and MT2 receptor expression, lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 level and increased RNS in lymphoid organs, testes and plasma was observed with decreased circulatory melatonin. Androgen and AR expression was increased in middle-aged while declined in old-aged squirrels. Present study suggests that age associated immunosenescence is consequence of increased RNS which might have important relationship with melatonin membrane receptors in F. pennanti. © 2012 Informa UK, Ltd.
Age dependent nitro-oxidative load and melatonin receptor expression in the spleen and immunity of goat Capra hircus
(Elsevier Inc., 2014) Amaresh Kumar Singh; Chandana Haldar
The decline in the plasma level of melatonin has been associated with increased oxidative stress in the physiological system while aging. The increased levels of oxidants are known to augment the nitro-oxidative stress, which induces the apoptotic factors in lymphoid organs leading to age dependent immunosenescence. There are no reports to date that can suggest how the age dependent nitro-oxidative stress can influence the melatonin membrane MT1/MT2R expression and immune status of any small ruminant. In the present study, we noted the expression of melatonin receptors MT1R and MT2R and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) along with the apoptotic markers (viz. Bcl-2, Bax and Pro-caspase-3) in the spleen of young, middle-aged and old-aged Indian goat Capra hircus. The lymphocyte proliferation was also recorded along with the total nitrite and nitrate ion concentration (NOx) in the spleen and plasma. An age dependent decline in MT1R and MT2R expressions and lymphocyte proliferation with increased level of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and iNOS expression was noted. An increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and a decreased Pro-caspase-3 expression were observed in the spleen of goat with an age dependent decline in the peripheral melatonin level. This decline in melatonin along with reduced melatonin receptor (MT1/MT2) expression and elevated RNS level in the spleen with aging might have an important role in the regulation of immune function of goats. Our observations suggest that the age-associated immunosenescence observed in goats can be a consequence of declining melatonin and its receptor expression and induction of apoptotic factors influenced by the increased RNS level that deteriorates the proper functioning of the spleen. © 2014 .
Ambient UV-B exposure reduces the binding of ofloxacin with bacterial DNA gyrase and induces DNA damage mediated apoptosis
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Jyoti Singh; Ashish Dwivedi; Syed Faiz Mujtaba; Krishna P. Singh; Manish Kumar Pal; Deepti Chopra; Shruti Goyal; Ajeet K. Srivastav; Divya Dubey; Shailendra K. Gupta; Chandana Haldar; Ratan Singh Ray
Ofloxacin (OFLX) is a broad spectrum antibiotic, which generates photo-products under sunlight exposure. Previous studies have failed to explain the attenuated anti-bacterial activity of OFLX. The study was extended to explore the unknown molecular mechanism of photogenotoxicity on human skin cell line (HaCaT) under environmental UV-B irradiation. Photochemically OFLX generates ROS and caused 2′-dGuO photodegradation. We have addressed the binding affinity of OFLX and its photo-products against DNA gyrase. Significant free radical generation such as 1O2, O2•- and •OH reduces antioxidants and demonstrated the ROS mediated OFLX phototoxicity. However, the formation of micronuclei and CPDs showed photogenotoxic potential of OFLX. OFLX induced cell cycle arrest in sub-G1 peak. OFLX triggers apoptosis via permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane with the downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and caspase-3 whereas, upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and Cyto-C proteins. Our study illustrated that binding affinity of OFLX photo-products with DNA gyrase was mainly responsible for the attenuated antimicrobial activity. It was proved through molecular docking study. Thus, study suggests that sunlight exposure should avoid by drug users especially during peak hours for their safety from photosensitivity. Clinicians may guide patients regarding the safer use of photosensitive drugs during treatment. © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Anatomical and histological profile of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and localization of melatonin receptor types (Mel1a and Mel1b) in the lung-associated immune system of a tropical bird, Perdicula asiatica
(2011) Rajesh Kumar Kharwar; Chandana Haldar
The histological distribution of the lung-associated immune system (LAIS) and the expressional pattern of melatonin receptors are still unknown in birds. The aim of the present study was to determine the localization of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT nodule) in a tropical bird, the Indian jungle bush quail, Perdicula asiatica. We also demonstrate the expression of melatonin receptor types (Mel1a and Mel1b) in order to propose an immunomodulatory role of melatonin in LAIS. Localization of melatonin receptors in the lung of the Indian jungle bush quail, P. asiatica was supported immunohistochemically and by Western blot analysis using specific antibodies for those receptors. Immunolocalization for Mel1b receptor was noted in the bronchial region of the lungs, in finger-like projections of mucosal foldings, in lymphocytes in the BALT nodule as well as in free form. In contrast, immunolocalization for Mel1a receptor was noted in various areas of the lung instead of in the bronchial region. Western blot analysis showed a single band at 37 and 39kDa for Mel1a and Mel1b receptors, respectively, with the latter showing higher expression. The results demonstrate a well-developed LAIS and region-specific distribution of melatonin receptors in the lung and provide evidence for a possible functional role for melatonin in the LAIS of birds. © 2010 Elsevier GmbH.
Annual reproductive synchronization in ovary and pineal gland function of female short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx
(Elsevier Inc., 2006) Chandana Haldar; Rajesh Yadav; Alipreeta
We studied the annual correlation of ovarian activity and pineal gland in relation with seasonal variation and gestation of a tropical zone short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx. Female bats showed bimodal polyestry (February/March and September/October) in their reproductive cycle. Plasma estradiol concentration ran parallel with ovarian activity and had an inverse relation with pineal mass and peripheral melatonin concentration. Due to the delayed embryonic development in the uterus (October-March) of female bats, interestingly, the uterine activity did not show a parallel relation with ovarian activity and estradiol level. Further, compared with normal non-pregnant females, melatonin level was high during gestation and delayed embryonic development phase. This suggests that the reproductive synchrony and annual variation in ovarian activity of this nocturnal flying mammal differ from other common tropical mammals. The delayed embryonic development in bats might be an adaptive strategy for the unfavorable conditions of the seasons and might be regulated by high peripheral estradiol and melatonin concentration. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Anti-cancer evaluation of quercetin embedded PLA nanoparticles synthesized by emulsified nanoprecipitation
(Elsevier B.V., 2015) Sanjeev K. Pandey; Dinesh K. Patel; Ravi Thakur; Durga P. Mishra; Pralay Maiti; Chandana Haldar
This study was carried out to synthesize quercetin (Qt) embedded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (PLA-Qt) and to evaluate anti-cancer efficacy of PLA-Qt by using human breast cancer cells. PLA-Qt were synthesized by using novel emulsified nanoprecipitation technique with varying dimension of 32 ± 8 to 152 ± 9. nm of PLA-Qt with 62 ± 3% (w/w) entrapment efficiency by varying the concentration of polymer, emulsifier, drug and preparation temperature. The dimension of PLA-Qt was measured through transmission electron microscopy indicating larger particle size at higher concentration of PLA. The release rate of Qt from PLA-Qt was found to be more sustained for larger particle dimension (152 ± 9. nm) as compared to smaller particle dimension (32 ± 8. nm). Interaction between Qt and PLA was verified through spectroscopic and calorimetric methods. Delayed diffusion and stronger interaction in PLA-Qt caused the sustained delivery of Qt from the polymer matrix. In vitro cytotoxicity study indicate the killing of ~50% breast cancer cells in two days at 100. μg/ml of drug concentration while the ~40% destruction of cells require 5 days for PLA-Qt (46 ± 6. nm; 20. mg/ml of PLA). Thus our results propose anticancer efficacy of PLA-Qt nanoparticles in terms of its sustained release kinetics revealing novel vehicle for the treatment of cancer. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
Antiestrogens modulate MT1 melatonin receptor expression in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines
(Spandidos Publications, 2006) Oliver Treeck; Chandana Haldar; Olaf Ortmann
An interaction between cellular estrogen response and melatonin signaling mediated by G-protein coupled receptors is present in breast cancer cells. In this study, the effect of antiestrogens on basal and melatonin-modulated expression of MT1 melatonin receptor in breast and ovarian cancer cells was examined. For this purpose, the effects of the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen and pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 on MT1 expression in estrogen receptor (ER) α-positive and -negative breast and ovarian cancer cell lines cultured in medium supplemented with 1 nM 17-β estradiol were assessed by Western blot analysis. We were able to detect expression of the MT1 receptor in SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells and report its up-regulation by melatonin in both ovarian cancer cell lines. MT1 expression was observed to be significantly weaker in ER α-positive MCF-7 and OVCAR-3 cells than in ER α-negative MDA-MB-231 and SK-OV-3 cells. Treatment with the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 increased MT1 receptor expression in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells, but decreased MT1 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. No effect of ICI 182,780 on MT1 expression was observed in the ER α-negative cell lines SK-OV-3 and MDA-MB-231. After treatment with 4-OH tamoxifen, down-regulation of basal MT1 receptor expression in ER α-positive MCF-7 cells and inhibition of melatonin-induced up-regulation of MT1 in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells were observed. In contrast, treatment with 4-OH tamoxifen increased the MT1 receptor level in ERα-negative SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Our findings support the existence of close interaction between estrogen and melatonin signaling. Moreover, our data suggest that melatonin signaling is modulated by antiestrogens in breast and ovarian cancer cells.
Biodegradable polymers for potential delivery systems for therapeutics
(Springer New York LLC, 2013) Sanjeev K. Pandey; Chandana Haldar; Dinesh K. Patel; Pralay Maiti
Biodegradable polymers are being extensively used with great interest in areas of nanobiotechnology such as drug delivery, diagnostics, and other applications for clinical and biomedical research covering cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteogenesis, cancer, and tissue engineering. Various biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly (ε-caprolactone), chitosan, gelatin, and poly(alkyl cyanoacrylates) have been extensively utilized as polymeric materials and devices for targeted cellular and tissue-specific clinical applications to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy with minimal or no side effects. Recently, polymeric nanoparticles have revolutionized the area of nanobiotechnology by creating new opportunities for advancing medical science and disease treatment. Polymeric nanoparticles have the potential to act as a carrier of drugs and active constituents to targeted sites, protecting them from the environment and controlling their release rates, thereby enhancing their biological activity and decreasing the adverse side effects. This article compiles updated information regarding various biodegradable polymers, methods of preparation of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles, and their application in therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for various diseases. This article will support research scientists and clinical physicians who are interested in the development and application of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as potential delivery systems for therapeutics. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Biological significance of daily variation in immunity of Perdicula asiatica: Role of melatonin and testosterone
(2007) Shiv S. Singh; Chandana Haldar
Daily variation of plasma melatonin affects daily activity pattern of many birds, but daily immunoprotective activity of melatonin in any seasonally breeding avian species is lacking. We report the influence of endogenous melatonin and testosterone on the daily variation in immunity of the Indian tropical bird Perdicula asiatica during reproductively active (RAP) and inactive (RIP) periods when the level of melatonin was high and in the former case. Daily variation in levels of melatonin, testosterone and immune parameters was noted during RAP and RIP. Maximum immune activity was noted at 2:00 hrs during RAP and at 14:00 hrs during RIP. During RAP, high testosterone in the circulation suppressed melatonin levels and immune parameters. A high basal level of melatonin during RIP was responsible for the suppression of testosterone resulting in high immune activity. Therefore, along with testosterone, melatonin acts like a major temporal synchronizer to maintain not only the reproductive rhythm but also daily immune adaptability of this avian species. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.
BPS-induced ovarian dysfunction: Protective actions of melatonin via modulation of SIRT-1/Nrf2/NFĸB and IR/PI3K/pAkt/GLUT-4 expressions in adult golden hamster
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Sriparna Pal; Aishwarya Sahu; Rakesh Verma; Chandana Haldar
Ever-increasing occurrence of plastic-manufacturing industries leads to environmental pollution that has been associated with declined human health and increased incidence of compromised reproductive health. Female subfertility/infertility is a complex phenomenon and environmental toxicants as well as lifestyle factors have a crucial role to play. Bisphenol S (BPS) was believed to be a “safer” replacement of bisphenol A (BPA) but recent data documented its neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and reprotoxic attributes. Hence based on the scarcity of reports, we investigated molecular insights into BPS-induced ovarian dysfunction and protective actions of melatonin against it in adult golden hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus. Hamsters were administered with melatonin (3 mg/kg BW i.p. alternate days) and BPS (150 mg/kg BW orally every day) for 28 days. BPS treatment disrupted hypothalamo–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis as evident by reduced gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ovarian steroids such as estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), thyroid hormones namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and melatonin levels along with their respective receptors (ERα, TRα, and MT-1) thereby reducing ovarian folliculogenesis. BPS exposure also led to ovarian oxidative stress/inflammation by increasing reactive oxygen species and metabolic disturbances. However, melatonin supplementation to BPS restored ovarian folliculogenesis/steroidogenesis as indicated by increased number of growing follicles/corpora lutea and E2/P4 levels. Further, melatonin also stimulated key redox/survival markers such as silent information regulator of transcript-1 (SIRT-1), forkhead box O-1 (FOXO-1), nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/pAkt) expressions along with enhanced ovarian antioxidant capacity. Moreover, melatonin treatment reduced inflammatory load including ovarian nuclear factor kappa-B (NFĸB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions, serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP) and nitrite–nitrate levels as well as upregulated ovarian insulin receptor (IR), glucose uptake transporter-4 (GLUT-4), connexin-43, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expressions in ovary thereby ameliorating inflammatory and metabolic alterations due to BPS. In conclusion, we found severe deleterious impact of BPS on ovary while melatonin treatment protected ovarian physiology from these detrimental changes suggesting it to be a potential preemptive candidate against environmental toxicant-compromised female reproductive health. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Circadian desynchronization in pregnancy of Golden hamster following long time light exposure: Involvement of Akt/FoxO1 pathway
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Megha Das; Soumya Ranjan Mohanty; Tarun Minocha; Nitesh Kumar Mishra; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Chandana Haldar
Coordination between central and peripheral reproductive clocks in females is poorly understood. Long light is having a hazardous effect on reproductive health. Hence, explored the effect of long-time light exposure (LLD; 16L:8D) on the central and peripheral reproductive (ovary and uterus) clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1 and Cry2) and its downstream regulators (Aanat, Egf, Cx26, Cx43, ERα, pAktS-473, pAktT-308, pFoxO1T-24, 14–3-3, HoxA10, HoxA11 and Pibf) expression in non-pregnant and pregnant Golden hamster. Young adult Golden hamsters were exposed to LLD for 30 days and then were mated. We observed that LLD exposure increased the thickness of the endometrium and reduced myometrium thickness, resembling uterine adenomyosis. In non-pregnant females LLD altered the expressions of clock genes in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), ovary and the uterus along with serum estradiol rhythm. LLD upregulated Egf and downregulated Aanat, Cx26, and Cx43 mRNA levels in uterus. LLD upregulated Akt/FoxO1 phosphorylation and 14-3-3 expressions in the uterus of nonpregnant females. LLD exposure to pregnant females lowered serum progesterone, Aanat, Pibf, Hoxa10, and Hoxa11 mRNA expressions on D4 (peri-implantation) and D8 (post-implantation) resulting in a low implantation rate on D8 (post-implantation). Hence it is evident that the frequent pregnancy anomalies noted under a long light schedule might be due to desynchronization in Aanat, Pibf, Hoxa10, and Hoxa11 as well as the central and peripheral clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1 and Cry2). LLD exposure desynchronized the central and peripheral reproductive clock affecting uterine physiology via Akt/FoxO1 pathway in Golden hamsters. Thus, LLD is a risk factor for female reproductive health and fertility. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Comparative effect of melatonin and quercetin in counteracting LPS induced oxidative stress in bone marrow mononuclear cells and spleen of Funambulus pennanti
(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Shraddha Rastogi; Chandana Haldar
A majority of cellular diseases, independent of their origin, are characterized by a dramatic increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in response to stress. In most cases, the uncontrolled detrimental ROS outburst is difficult to handle for the cellular machinery and eventually leads to cell mortality. In this study, we compare the antioxidant efficacy of quercetin and melatonin to find out a better alternative against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced tissue injury by oxidative stress in Funambulus pennanti. Transient exposure to LPS significantly increased ROS generation and lipid peroxidation levels in bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) and spleen which was further corroborated by decreased activities of SOD, CAT and Gpx enzymes. It also downregulate the expression of cellular oxidative stress response proteins Nrf-2 and HO-1 in spleen and decreases the proliferation of bone marrow derived Granulocyte macrophage-colony forming unit cells (GM-CFU). Both melatonin and quercetin pre-treatments rescued these effects, however, our results indicated that the efficacy of melatonin to overcome oxidative stress was significantly better than quercetin. Our findings support the idea that melatonin is a better antioxidant and immunomodulator as compared to other alternatives and perhaps may be employed in the development of effective therapeutics against ROS dominated diseases. © 2018
Comparative effect of melatonin and vitamin e on phenylhydrazine-induced toxicity in the spleen of Funambulus pennanti
(2009) Shweta Sharma; Chandana Haldar
Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) oxidation resulting in free iron release followed by free radical generation has increased frequency of cancer. This study aims towards the dose-dependent response of PHZ and the role of melatonin in comparison with vitamin E following PHZ-induced toxicity within the lymphoid tissue (spleen) of Indian tropical seasonal breeder, Funambulus pennanti, during reproductively active phase. An increase in the damages in terms of lipid peroxidation (LPO), apoptosis percentage, and splenomegaly was observed following different doses of PHZ treatment, i.e., 0.025, 0.5, and 1 mg/100 g body weight (b.wt.), where dose of 1 mg/100 g b.wt. showed more significant damages. Both melatonin (0.5 mg/100 g b.wt.) and vitamin E (1 mg/100 g b.wt.) administration ameliorated oxidative damages of 1 mg/100 g b.wt. PHZ-treated group. Melatonin altered PHZ-induced responses significantly to a greater degree than vitamin E as evidenced by LPO status, SOD activity, and ABTS radical cation scavenging activity of antioxidants. Thus, melatonin might be able to restrict carcinogenic property of PHZ-induced oxidative stress by protecting macromolecules of the cell from harmful effects of PHZ and instead preserving cell viability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous artificial light potentially disrupts central and peripheral reproductive clocks leading to altered uterine physiology and reduced pregnancy success in albino mice
(Springer Nature, 2022) Megha Das; Tarun Minocha; Dhanananajay Kumar; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Chandana Haldar
Aims: The mechanism behind clock coordination in female reproductive disorders is poorly understood despite the known importance of coordinated and synchronized timing of central and clocks in reproductive organs. We investigated the effect of continuous artificial light (LL) on the central and peripheral reproductive clock gene (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2 and Cry1) and its downstream regulators (Hgf, PR-A and HOXA10) during non-pregnancy and pregnancy phases of female mice. Main methods: Mice (n = 60) in two sets, were maintained under continuous light (LL) and natural day cycle (LD;12L: 12D) for both non-pregnant and pregnant study. Tissues from hypothalamus-containing SCN, ovary, uterus and serum were collected at different zeitgeber time points (ZT; at 4-h intervals across 24-h periods). Key findings: LL exposure desynchronized the expressions of the clock mRNAs (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2 and Cry1) in SCN, ovary, and uterus along with Hgf mRNA rhythm. LL significantly increased the thickness of endometrial tissues. Furthermore, the pregnant study revealed lower serum progesterone level during peri- and post-implantation under LL along with downregulated expression of progesterone receptor (PR) as well as progesterone dependent uterine Homeobox A-10 (Hoxa10) proteins with lowered pregnancy outcomes. Significance: Our result suggests that LL disrupted the circadian coordination between central and clock genes in reproductive tissue leading to interrupted uterine physiology and altered pregnancy in mice. This led us to propose that duration of light exposure at work-places or home for females is very important in prevention of pregnancy anomalies. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Photochemistry Association, European Society for Photobiology.
Controlled release of drug and better bioavailability using poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Sanjeev K. Pandey; Dinesh K. Patel; Akhilendra K. Maurya; Ravi Thakur; Durga P. Mishra; Manjula Vinayak; Chandana Haldar; Pralay Maiti
Tamoxifen (Tmx) embedded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (PLGA-Tmx) is prepared to evaluate its better DNA cleavage potential, cytotoxicity using Dalton's lymphoma ascite (DLA) cells and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. PLGA-Tmx nanoparticles are prepared through emulsified nanoprecipitation technique with varying dimension of 17-30 nm by changing the concentrations of polymer, emulsifier and drug. Nanoparticles dimension are measured through electron and atomic force microscopy. Interactions between tamoxifen and PLGA are verified through spectroscopic and calorimetric methods. PLGA-Tmx shows excellent DNA cleavage potential as compared to pure Tmx raising better bioavailability. In vitro cytotoxicity studies indicate that PLGA-Tmx reduces DLA cells viability up to ~38% against ~15% in pure Tmx. Hoechst stain is used to detect apoptotic DLA cells through fluorescence imaging of nuclear fragmentation and condensation exhibiting significant increase of apoptosis (70%) in PLGA-Tmx vis-à-vis pure drug (58%). Enhanced DNA cleavage potential, nuclear fragmentation and condensation in apoptotic cells confirm greater bioavailability of PLGA-Tmx as compared to pure Tmx in terms of receptor mediated endocytosis. Hence, the sustained release kinetics of PLGA-Tmx nanoparticles shows much better anticancer efficacy through enhanced DNA cleavage potential and nuclear fragmentation and, thereby, reveal a novel vehicle for the treatment of cancer. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Correlation between peripheral melatonin and general immune status of domestic goat, Capra hircus: A seasonal and sex dependent variation
(2012) Kaushalendra; Chandana Haldar
Caprine immune system has largely been neglected by ruminant researchers despite of its high economic importance in bioindustry. We made an attempt to note the annual/seasonal and gender dependent variation in immune status of the domestic goat, Capra hircus, Jamunapari breed and correlated with the concentration of peripheral gonadal hormones (testosterone, 17β-estradiol) and melatonin. Based on the data of general immune parameters such as total leukocyte count (TLC) and percent lymphocyte count (%LC) along with blastogenic response of splenocytes in terms of percent stimulation ratio (%SR), we found an annual variation in immune status of male, female and castrated male goats in a gender dependent manner. Female goats showed higher immune parameters than that of castrated as well as intact male goats. Testosterone in intact male goats was high throughout the year, which might be responsible for low immune status. However, in castrated male goats, plasma testosterone was undetectable and presented an immune status equivalent to that of female goats. We observed a high immune status during the winter season in all the groups of goats, which might be due to high circulatory concentration and longer duration of melatonin induced by short days. Being released by circulating lymphocytes, the concentration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in blood plasma, showed an annual and seasonal variation being higher in female than castrated and intact male goats throughout the year, having a similar trend in plasma melatonin concentration. The higher immune status in female goats during the winter months might have helped them to overcome the winter bound stress, i.e. low temperature. Therefore, we may propose that testosterone acts as an immunosupressor while melatonin as an immunostimulator for goats as it showed a positive correlation with immune parameters noted. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Corrigendum to “Controlled release of drug and better bioavailability using poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles” [Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 89 (2016) 99–110] (S0141813016303737) (10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.065))
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Sanjeev K. Pandey; Dinesh K. Patel; Akhilendra K. Maurya; Ravi Thakur; Durga P. Mishra; Manjula Vinayak; Chandana Haldar; Pralay Maiti
The authors regretfully submit that there was human mistake and it can be rectified by adding a corrigendum in which the following be mentioned: [Figure presented] Fig. 1a incorrect one be immediately replaced by the Fig. 1a correct one. The human mistake was due to folders having electron micrograph of all experiment and during transfer of images from technical person to us. The authors would like to apologies for inconvenience caused. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Corrigendum to “PLGA nanoformulation of sparfloxacin enhanced antibacterial activity with photoprotective potential under ambient UV-R exposure” [Int. J. Pharm. 541 (2018) 173–187] (International Journal of Pharmaceutics (2018) 541(1–2) (173–187), (S0378517318301091) (10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.028))
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Jyoti Singh; Ashish Dwivedi; Lipika Ray; Deepti Chopra; Divya Dubey; Ajeet K. Srivastva; Smita Kumari; Randhir Kumar Yadav; Saroj Kumar Amar; Chandana Haldar; Ratan Singh Ray
The authors regret that mistakes related to image duplication, quality and labeling were found in Fig. 7b Fig. 9 Fig. 10 a. The corrected images are now provided as Figs. 7b, 9c, d and 10a. These mistakes do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Corrigendum to “PLGA nanoformulation of sparfloxacin enhanced antibacterial activity with photoprotective potential under ambient UV-R exposure” [Int. J. Pharm. 541 (2018) 173–187](S0378517318301091)(10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.028)
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Jyoti Singh; Ashish Dwivedi; Lipika Ray; Deepti Chopra; Divya Dubey; Ajeet K. Srivastva; Smita Kumari; Randhir Kumar Yadav; Saroj Kumar Amar; Chandana Haldar; Ratan Singh Ray
The authors regret to inform that there were inadvertent errors in some figures. The corrected images are given below. These corrections are not affecting the results and conclusion of the manuscript. Hence, the text in the original article remains unchanged. The corrected Fig. 8 is as follows: The corrected Fig. 12 is as follows: The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Daily variation in melatonin level, antioxidant activity and general immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymphoid tissues of Indian goat Capra hircus during summer and winter
(National Institute of Science Communication, 2014) Amaresh Kumar Singh; Somenath Ghosh; Priyoneel Basu; Chandana Haldar
Daily variation in circulatory melatonin level, during different seasons, has been reported to influence immune system and free-radical scavenging capacity in mammals, including human beings. Similar studies have not been carried out on small ruminant viz. goats that are susceptible to opportunistic infections, increased oxidative load and sickness during freegrazing activity and frequent exposure to agro-chemicals. Therefore, daily variation in immune status, antioxidant enzyme activity and its possible correlation with circulatory melatonin level during two different seasons, summer (long day) and winter (short day) were studied in the Indian goat, Capra hircus. The clinically important immune parameters, such as total leukocyte count, % lymphocyte count and % stimulation ratio of T-lymphocytes presented a day/night rhythm prominently in the winter. The oxidative load in terms of malonedialdehyde was always low during night while antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant status were high during nighttime (1800 to 0600 hrs). Interestingly, the studied parameters were significantly higher during the winter in both the sexes. Rhythmometric analyses showed prominent rhythmicity in above parameters. The data presented strong positive correlation between high levels of nighttime melatonin levels and immune parameters during winter. It suggests that melatonin possesses immunoenhacing as well as antioxidative property during winter. This might be a necessity for maintenance of physiological harmony in goats to protect them from winter stress.