Browsing by Author "Chandra Kant Singh"

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A farmer-centric agricultural decision support system for market dynamics in a volatile agricultural supply chain
(Emerald Publishing, 2023) Prateek Kumar Tripathi; Chandra Kant Singh; Rakesh Singh; Arun Kumar Deshmukh
Purpose: In a volatile agricultural postharvest market, producers require more personalized information about market dynamics for informed decisions on the marketed surplus. However, this adaptive strategy fails to benefit them if the selection of a computational price predictive model to disseminate information on the market outlook is not efficient, and the associated risk of perishability, and storage cost factor are not assumed against the seemingly favourable market behaviour. Consequently, the decision of whether to store or sell at the time of crop harvest is a perennial dilemma to solve. With the intent of addressing this challenge for agricultural producers, the study is focused on designing an agricultural decision support system (ADSS) to suggest a favourable marketing strategy to crop producers. Design/methodology/approach: The present study is guided by an eclectic theoretical perspective from supply chain literature that included agency theory, transaction cost theory, organizational information processing theory and opportunity cost theory in revenue risk management. The paper models a structured iterative algorithmic framework that leverages the forecasting capacity of different time series and machine learning models, considering the effect of influencing factors on agricultural price movement for better forecasting predictability against market variability or dynamics. It also attempts to formulate an integrated risk management framework for effective sales planning decisions that factors in the associated costs of storage, rental and physical loss until the surplus is held for expected returns. Findings: Empirical demonstration of the model was simulated on the dynamic markets of tomatoes, onions and potatoes in a north Indian region. The study results endorse that farmer-centric post-harvest information intelligence assists crop producers in the strategic sales planning of their produce, and also vigorously promotes that the effectiveness of decision making is contingent upon the selection of the best predictive model for every future market event. Practical implications: As a policy implication, the proposed ADSS addresses the pressing need for a robust marketing support system for the socio-economic welfare of farming communities grappling with distress sales, and low remunerative returns. Originality/value: Based on the extant literature studied, there is no such study that pays personalized attention to agricultural producers, enabling them to make a profitable sales decision against the volatile post-harvest market scenario. The present research is an attempt to fill that gap with the scope of addressing crop producer's ubiquitous dilemma of whether to sell or store at the time of harvesting. Besides, an eclectic and iterative style of predictive modelling has also a limited implication in the agricultural supply chain based on the literature; however, it is found to be a more efficient practice to function in a dynamic market outlook. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Designing Demand Driven Price Sensitive Supply Chain Model for Indian Farmers
(Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd, 2023) Prateek Kumar Tripathi; Chandra Kant Singh; Shubhi Patel; Rakesh Singh; Arun Kumar Deshmukh
Small and marginal farmers (SMFs) in developing countries, perennially struggle with low marketable surplus, inadequate storage facilities, poor market access and logistical constraints that in turn leave them with distressed sales of their produce to exploitative middlemen in the agricultural supply chain. Addressing such pressing concerns, the present study aims at proposing a market-facilitating demand-centric agricultural supply chain model where the income of the farmers is directly linked with risk-adjusted actual market movement. The price-sensitive model, being a facilitator for direct marketing, makes farm produce marketable by designing a cost-effective and scientifically managed shared warehouse, and minimizing market volatility risk through diversification among a group of contributing farmers. Empirical validation of this simulation-based modelling was tested on three essential year-round food staples – Tomato, Onion and Potato (TOP) – against the prevailing market settings. Interestingly, instead of immediately selling agricultural produce to market intermediaries due to a lack of storage options, if farmers shared the associated storage cost among themselves and distributed the market returns by proportionate crop sales to fulfil the demand, they could not only realize better returns during the season but also could turn off-season market unpredictability into their favour. The model is focused on enhancing SMFs’ income in the emerging economy context, and its empirical approach for risk minimization strategy is indeed proposed for the first time in the available literature. The finding, demonstrably, substantiates that the policy implication of the proposed model for SMFs in the fruits and vegetables (F&V) segment could improve market access and derive fair returns. © 2023 MDI.
Garnet-Staurolite-Mica Schist from Southern Sonbhadra District, U.P.: Constraints from Geothermobarometry and P-T Pseudosection Modelling
(Geological Society of India, 2024) Ankita Anand Singh; Divya Prakash; Birendra Pratap Singh; Chandra Kant Singh; Rajeev Kumar Pandey
The area around Renukoot town shows the exposure of garnet-staurolite-mica schist belonging to the Chhotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC). The characteristic mineral assemblage present in the rock are garnet–biotite–staurolite–quartz along with minor opaque minerals like rutile, ilmenite and hematite. For the constituent minerals, the calculated XMg value decreases in the order: chlorite>biotite>staurolite>garnet. The metamorphic conditions of the garnet-staurolite-mica schist were determined using the winTWQ and Perple_X programmes, and the peak pressure-temperature conditions for the rock are estimated to be 5.3 kbar and 570°C. The metamorphic episode in the CGGC during Mesoproterozoic time may be attributed to the global level Columbian Super-continental accretionary orogeny. © 2024, Geological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Geochemistry, Monazite (U–Pb–Th) Geochronology, and P-T Pseudosection Modelling of Two-Pyroxene Mafic Granulite from Sonapahar, Shillong Meghalaya Gneissic Complex, India: Implication for Tectono-Metamorphic Evolution and Global Pan-African Correlation
(2024) Bikash Mahanta; Divya Prakash; Manish Kumar; Saurabh Singh; Rajeev Kumar Pandey; Chandra Kant Singh; Suparna Tewari
Abstract: Granulites exposed in high-grade regional metamorphic belts and exhumed as xenoliths in basaltic pipes are considered as window into the deep crust thus play a key role in constraining models of crustal processes and evolution. Here we present a detailed investigation of the tectono-metamorphic history of the two-pyroxene mafic granulite located in the southern region of the Sonapahar area. This involves conducting monazite chemical dating, analyzing petrological and geochemical characteristics, applying geothermobarometry, performing phase equilibria modeling, and tracing a pressure-temperature (P-T) path. Metamorphic P-T conditions estimated for the mafic granulite using conventional thermobarometer and winTWQ shows temperature in excess of 800°C and pressure of about 8.6 kbar, stand for high temperature granulite facies metamorphism. The metamorphic evolution path obtained from P-T pseudosection suggest a clockwise P-T evolution path, thus signify isothermal decompression and indicate rapid upliftment. Geochemical study of trace and rare earth elements (REE), suggest protolith is of tholeiite basalt in nature that is derived from back arc basin setting near to subduction zone. Additionally, the analyzed rock was examined using primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram. The results indicate an enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (Th, U, K, Pb) and a depletion in high field-strength elements (Nb, Ta, Ti). The presence of negative anomalies in Nb and Ti, coupled with elevated values of Th, K, and Pb, suggests the possibility of crustal contamination. Monazite chemical data from the studied rock reveals a peak metamorphism age of 521.3 ± 4.20 Ma, which corresponds to the Kuunga Orogeny in the later phase of global Pan-African collision. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2024. ISSN 0016-7029, Geochemistry International, 2024, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 574–608. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2024. ISSN 0016-7029, Geochemistry International, 2024. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2024.
Metamorphic P–T evolution of Hercynite-quartz-bearing granulites from the Diwani Hill, North East Gujarat (NW India)
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Divya Prakash; Manish Kumar; Swapnil Kumar Rai; Chandra Kant Singh; Saurabh Singh; Roopali Yadav; Srishti Jaiswal; Vedika Srivastava; Manoj Kumar Yadav; Sourav Bhattacharjee; Pradip Kumar Singh
Diwani Hill granulites occurring on the southern tip of the South Delhi Terrane (SDT) of Aravalli Mobile Belt (AMB), comprises rocks of granulite facies and represent the deeper level of the crust. The SDT represents an admixture of charnockites, granites, calc-granulites and hercynite-quartz-bearing pelitic granulites. The symplectite and corona textures recorded in the hercynite-quartz-bearing granulites from a part of SDT provides a wide spectrum of P-T sensors in support of the petrological evolution. P-T evolution of these hercynite-quartz-bearing granulites has been constrained through the use of THERMOCALC program, conventional thermobarometry, and pseudosection modelling in the NCKFMASHTO model system using Perple_X software. The unification of these three calculations, demonstrates that the hercynite-quartz-bearing granulites experienced peak pressure and temperature at 6.7 kbar and 750 °C, respectively. The textural imprints, multistage reaction textures, P-T pseudosections as well as the application of multi-equilibrium calculation give evidence for decompressive history related to their exhumation. SHRIMP U-Pb chronological results yield ages between 780 and 680 Ma as a time of metamorphic overprint, and the ages between 1591 and 1216 Ma corresponding with detritus derived from magmatic source for hercynite-quartz-bearing granulites. Zircon ages reflect that continental crust in the SDT resulted from the Mesoproterozoic protolith of an igneous origin whereas sedimentary succession was deposited between 1216 and 780 Ma. The present study envisages that the South Delhi basin would have been a remnant of the proto-Mozambique Ocean in NW India which was closed due to subduction. This subduction metamorphosed the sediments of the basin to granulite facies and the rocks were subsequently, uplifted because of the thrust sheet tectonics during the Neoproterozoic times. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
New Finding of Silica-deficient Sapphirine-bearing Granulites from NNE of Suranganar Village, Southern Madurai Block, India
(Springer, 2021) Swapnil Kumar Rai; Divya Prakash; Roopali Yadav; Srishti Jaiswal; R.S. Kumar; Chandra Kant Singh
An infrequent occurrence of sapphirine from metapelite rocks of the Cardamom hills of South India has been reported. This report of sapphirine may not be the first from the Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT) but is essentially from a new locality. The studied metapelites are silica-undersaturated devoid of garnet and the sapphirine symplectites. The symplectites of orthopyroxene + cordierite, orthopyroxene + K-feldspar + cordierite, orthopyroxene + sapphirine + cordierite ± K-feldspar ± biotite, orthopyroxene + biotite + cordierite + K-feldspar are discernible. The textural patterns show partial to complete pseudomorphism of the initially formed orthopyroxene and sapphirine and their succeeding decomposition to present stage. The relative XMg calculated for the key minerals show the trend as: Crd > Spr > Bt > Opx. The pseudosection modelling and the calculated P-T diagram drawn from the average bulk composition of the studied metapelite connote isothermal decompression with peak pressure and temperature conditions stable at ∼10 Kbar and ∼985 °C respectively. The assemblage reported in this study has an important bearing on the crustal evolution of the high-grade metamorphism exhumed from a deeper level of the crust. © 2021, Geol. Soc. India.
Node inoculation: A quick and easy technique to screen pigeonpea for resistance to Phytophthora blight
(Springer Tokyo, 2017) R. Chand; Chandra Kant Singh; V. Singh; J. Singh; M. Sharma
The petiole on pigeonpea was removed for easy, precise inoculation of node with Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani. After node inoculation, 96.0% plants were infected compared with 89.0% after stem-cut inoculation. Among various nodes inoculated on 30-day-old plants, the 5th node had the greatest relative susceptibility (90.0%), followed by the 3rd node (78.0%). This technique was validated on different cultivars (ICP 7119, Bahar, MA 6 and MAL 13), and 586 lines were successfully screened in the field, confirming the rapidity and effectiveness of the technique for resistance screening. © 2017, The Phytopathological Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK.
Occurrence of sapphirine-bearing granulites from Kothuru, Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt: implications on ultra-high temperature metamorphism
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2022) Saurabh Singh; Divya Prakash; Chandra Kant Singh; Vedika Srivastava; Manoj Kumar Yadav; Pradip Kumar Singh; Manish Kumar
In this study, we present evidence for the stable coexi-stence of sapphirine + quartz and the compositional characteristics of the sapphirine-bearing granulites from Kothuru in the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB), India. The study area is an integral part of the Precambrian terrane in the western part of EGMB and is characterized by the granulite facies rocks comprising mainly of pelitic granulites such as char-nockites, enderbites, leptynites, khondalites and gneisses, and sapphirine–spinel–quartz-bearing rocks. The chemistry of the minerals present in the assem-blage has been examined using the electron probe micro analyser to infer their occurrence and distribu-tion in various reaction textures observed during the petrographic study. The peak and post-peak history of the sapphirine-bearing granulites of Kothuru section have been constrained in the NCKFMASHTO system showing decompressional P–T path of high-grade metamorphic rocks through the intersection of the iso-pleth contours of various mineral phases present. The proposed P–T path with a steep isothermal decompres-sion retrograde trajectory may be attributed to the over-thrust processes. The results obtained from the petrographic study of the mineral assemblages along with their textural relationship, mineral chemistry, especially Fe3+/FeTotal ratio and pseudosection model-ling reveal that the studied segment has arrested promising ultra-high temperature metamorphic signa-tures and is tectonically distinct from those reported in the adjacent areas. © 2022. Current Science. All Rights Reserved.
Reaction textures and metamorphic evolution of sapphirine-spinel-bearing and associated granulites from Diguva Sonaba, Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, India
(Cambridge University Press, 2015) Divya Prakash; Praveen Chandra Singh; Chandra Kant Singh; Suparna Tewari; Makoto Arima; Hartwig E. Frimmel
The Diguva Sonaba area (Vishakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, South India) represents part of the granulite-facies terrain of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt. The Precambrian metamorphic rocks of the area predominantly consist of mafic granulite (±garnet), khondalite, leptynite (±garnet, biotite), charnockite, enderbite, calc-granulite, migmatic gneisses and sapphirine-spinel-bearing granulite. The latter rock type occurs as lenticular bodies in khondalite, leptynite and calc-granulite. Textural relations, such as corroded inclusions of biotite within garnet and orthopyroxene, resorbed hornblende within pyroxenes, and coarse-grained laths of sillimanite, presumably pseudomorphs after kyanite, provide evidence of either an earlier episode of upper-amphibolite-facies metamorphism or they represent relics of the prograde path that led to granulite-facies metamorphism. In the sapphirine-spinel-bearing granulite, osumilite was stable in addition to sapphirine, spinel and quartz during the thermal peak of granulite-facies metamorphism but the assemblage was later replaced by Crd-Opx-Qtz-Kfs-symplectite and a variety of reaction coronas during retrograde overprint. Variable amounts of biotite or biotite+quartz symplectite replaced orthopyroxene, cordierite and Opx-Crd-Kfs-Qtz-symplectite at an even later retrograde stage. Peak metamorphic conditions of c. 1000°C and c. 12 kbar were computed by isopleths of XMg in garnet and XAl in orthopyroxene. The sequence of reactions as deduced from the corona and symplectite assemblages, together with petrogenetic grid and pseudosection modelling, records a clockwise P-T evolution. The P-T path is characteristically T-convex suggesting an isothermal decompression path and reflects rapid uplift followed by cooling of a tectonically thickened crust. © 2014 Cambridge University Press.
Reaction textures and metamorphic evolution of sapphirine-spinel-bearing and associated granulites from Diguva Sonaba, Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, India
(Cambridge University Press, 2014) Divya Prakash; Deepak; Praveen Chandra Singh; Chandra Kant Singh; Suparna Tewari; Makoto Arima; Hartwig E. Frimmel
The Diguva Sonaba area (Vishakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, South India) represents part of the granulite-facies terrain of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt. The Precambrian metamorphic rocks of the area predominantly consist of mafic granulite (±garnet), khondalite, leptynite (±garnet, biotite), charnockite, enderbite, calc-granulite, migmatic gneisses and sapphirine-spinel-bearing granulite. The latter rock type occurs as lenticular bodies in khondalite, leptynite and calc-granulite. Textural relations, such as corroded inclusions of biotite within garnet and orthopyroxene, resorbed hornblende within pyroxenes, and coarse-grained laths of sillimanite, presumably pseudomorphs after kyanite, provide evidence of either an earlier episode of upper-amphibolite-facies metamorphism or they represent relics of the prograde path that led to granulite-facies metamorphism. In the sapphirine-spinel-bearing granulite, osumilite was stable in addition to sapphirine, spinel and quartz during the thermal peak of granulite-facies metamorphism but the assemblage was later replaced by Crd-Opx-Qtz-Kfs-symplectite and a variety of reaction coronas during retrograde overprint. Variable amounts of biotite or biotite+quartz symplectite replaced orthopyroxene, cordierite and Opx-Crd-Kfs-Qtz-symplectite at an even later retrograde stage. Peak metamorphic conditions of c. 1000°C and c. 12 kbar were computed by isopleths of XMg in garnet and XAl in orthopyroxene. The sequence of reactions as deduced from the corona and symplectite assemblages, together with petrogenetic grid and pseudosection modelling, records a clockwise P-T evolution. The P-T path is characteristically T-convex suggesting an isothermal decompression path and reflects rapid uplift followed by cooling of a tectonically thickened crust. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014.
Structural analyses of the crystalline rocks between Dirang and Tawang, West Kameng district, Arunachal Himalaya
(2011) Hari B. Srivastava; Vaibhava Srivastava; Rajesh K. Srivastava; Chandra Kant Singh
In Kameng Valley of Arunachal Pradesh, the crystalline rocks of Se La Group of Higher Himalaya are thrust over the Lesser Himalayan rocks of Dirang Formation, Bomdila Group along the Main Central Thrust and exhibit well preserved structures on macro- to microscopic scales. Detailed analysis of structures reveals that the rocks of the area have suffered four phases of deformation D1, D2, D3 and D4. These structures have been grouped into (i) early structures (ii) structures related to progressive ductile thrusting and (iii) late structures. The early structures which developed before thrusting formed during D1 and D2 phases of deformation, synchronous to F1 and F2 phases of folding respectively. The structures related to progressive ductile shearing developed during D3 phase of deformation, when the emplacement of the crystalline rocks took place over the rocks of Dirang Formation along the Main Central Thrust. Different asymmetric structures/kinematic indicators developed during this ductile/brittle-ductile regime suggest top-to-SSW sense of movement of the crystalline rocks of the area. D4 is attributed to brittle deformation. Based on satellite data two new thrusts, i.e. Tawang and Se La thrusts have been identified parallel to Main Central Thrust, which are suggestive of imbricate thrusting. Strain analysis from the quartz grains of the gneissic rocks reveals constriction type of strain ellipsoid where k value is higher near the MCT, gradually decreases towards the north. Further, the dynamic analysis carried out on the mesoscopic ductile and brittle-ductile shear zones suggest a NNE-SSW horizontal compression corresponding to the direction of northward movement of Indian Plate. © 2011 Geological Society of India.
Ultrahigh-temperature decompression of sapphirine-granulites from the southern Madurai block (South India): Insights from geothermobarometry, pseudosection modelling and U-Pb geochronology
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Roopali Yadav; Divya Prakash; Swapnil Kumar Rai; Manoj Kumar Yadav; Srishti Jaiswal; Saurabh Singh; Pradip Kumar Singh; Manish Kumar; Chandra Kant Singh
Madurai block in South India stands as an excellent example of ultrahigh temperature metamorphic terranes being studied globally to understand the extreme thermal capacities of crustal rocks and the processes that cause these extreme thermal environments. The granulites of the Madurai block were subjected to extreme crustal metamorphism during the Late Neoproterozoic, as evidenced by the texture of the sapphirine + quartz association registered as peak metamorphic assemblage. The metamorphic zircon from sapphirine-granulites produces a U-Pb age of 546.5 ± 7.8 Ma which is interpreted as a global Pan-African crustal evolution event and the dominant zircon population indicates multiple sources of Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic age in the southern Madurai block. Decompression textures other than orthopyroxene-cordierite ± sapphirine symplectites are indicative of retrograde / exhumation in the granulites metamorphic cycle. P–T pseudosections have been constructed for sapphirine-granulites in relation to the NCKFMASHTO system (Na2O-CaO-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3–SiO2-H2O-TiO2-O2) using Perple_X software (version 6). The limitations in the interpretation of mineral reactions and the metamorphic history provided by pseudosection modelling for mineral proportions suggest that the peak metamorphic temperature is ~960 °C and pressure is ~9.2 kbar. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Variability in phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani and effect of temperature
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2017) Chandra Kant Singh; Ichini Sudhir; Ramesh Chand; Vineeta Singh; Mamta Sharma
The present experiment was undertaken to study the cultural, morphological and pathological variation in six isolates of Phytophthora cajani. The isolates were collected from pigeonpea growing areas of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Isolates exhibited considerable variations in cultural characters and growth on potato dextrose agar medium. The universal ITS1 and ITS4 primers showed the difference among P. cajani isolates. There was significance influence of temperature on the growth of isolates, however isolates could not be differentiated based on the temperature. The average growth (1.69 cm2) at 30°C temperature was recorded with all the isolates followed by average growth (1.25 cm2) at 35°C temperature. The maximum radial growth (3.6 cm2) was observed at 96 h in isolate PDC015-1. The isolate PDC013-1 and PDC014-3 showed highest 47.0% plant mortality on ICP 7119 genotype. Among the isolates PDC014-3 killed 28.6% plants after 4th day of inoculation.