Browsing by Author "Chandra Shekhar Singh"

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ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINANTS IN GROUNDWATER AROUND MINING AREA BY USING METAL POLLUTION INDICES MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS AND GIS TECHNIQUE
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 2024) Vijayendra Pratap Dheeraj; Chandra Shekhar Singh; Ashwani Kumar Sonkar; Saurabh Kumar Barman
An opencast and underground coal mining each have the potential to have a negative impact on the groundwater table in terms of both its quantity and quality. Leachates from overburden dumps and industrial waste are another issue worldwide; they infiltrate into the groundwater and have a negative impact on the quality of it. A concern is that groundwater will become contaminated with heavy metals. Therefore, in the current study, the groundwater sample have been collected systematically from different sources of water in pre monsoon season (May) of 2022 around Korba coalfield (KCF). The collected water samples were examined for 9 different heavy metals by using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer-Perkin Elmer, Optima 4300 DV) instrument. In general, the concentrations of few metals such as Aluminium, Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Lead, and Zinc were found to be well below the acceptable limits of World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) standard, however Manganese, Barium, and Nickel concentrations were observed to be above to desirable limits of WHO and BIS standard at a few sites which is similar to the results obtained by previous studies. These laboratory data were applied for the calculation of heavy metal pollution indices such as Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI), and Contamination Index (Cd). The multiple approach used to evaluate the metal indices identifies that 80 % of HPI, 85 % of HEI, and 95 % of Cd for groundwater samples mostly classified as “low to medium” class. The spatial diagram of these different indices showed a higher value in the south east part of the region suggesting that the heavy metal leaching from mining activities has little impact on the groundwater in the south east of the examined area. Multivariate statistical studies, like principal component analysis (PCA) analysis reveals that Fe, Pb, and Zn originate from anthropogenic sources like coal mining, while Al and Cd originate from both lithogenic and anthropogenic sources. © (2024), (University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy). All Rights Reserved.
Corrigendum to “Diatoms image database of India (DIDI): A research tool” [Environ. Technol. Innov. 5 (2016) 148–160] (S2352186416300086) (10.1016/j.eti.2016.02.001)
(Elsevier B.V., 2017) Lalit Kr. Pandey; Taejun Han; Krishna Kr. Ojha; Prem Kumar Singh; Chandra Shekhar Singh; Shubham Dwivedi; Elizabeth A. Bergey
We thank the Head, Department of Botany, and the coordinator, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, for the necessary facilities. LKP thanks UGC and CSIR, New Delhi, for financial assistance in the form of SRF. This work was supported by 2015 Incheon National University (International Cooperative Research Grant). We are grateful to Dr. J.C. Taylor (North-West University, South Africa) for a generous gift of Pleurax. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Diatoms image database of India (DIDI): A research tool
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Lalit Kr. Pandey; Krishna Kr. Ojha; Prem Kumar Singh; Chandra Shekhar Singh; Shubham Dwivedi; Elizabeth A. Bergey
Biogeographical and environmental heterogeneity govern the high algal diversity of India. As of yet, no serious efforts have been made to explore Indian algae for ecological and industrial uses. The scattered nature and discrepancy in taxonomical information, as well as morphological variations in algae are hampering such studies. For example, these morphological variants may lead to ambiguous algae identification that may result in erroneous ecotoxicological assessment and also hinders the bioprospecting aspect of algae for industrial applications. To improve the situation, the Diatoms image database of India (DIDI) (http://indianalgae.co.in) is being developed to document the diatom diversity of India. In addition to identification aids and diatom images, the web site also includes data for environmental variables. Our database is the first web-based photographic documentation of diatoms from the sub-tropical region. DIDI is originally based on seven years of rigorous collection, examination and identification of the algal flora from different parts of India. All the diatom images given in the database are validated using Indian monographs, published papers and online image databases. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Effect of supplementation of L. plantarum and L. casei based probiotic milk powder on hematology, blood biochemistry and lipid profile of Charles Foster rats
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2019) Prity Singh; Rajendra Kumar Pandey; Vinod Kumar Paswan; Satya Prakash Yadav; Basant Kumar Bhinchhar; Chandra Shekhar Singh
Effects of supplementation of L. plantarum and L. casei based spray dried probiotic milk powder on hematology, blood biochemistry and lipid profile was investigated in Charles Foster (CF) rats. Forty-eight male CF rats (21 day old) were divided into four groups and fed on basal diets supplemented with plane spray dried milk powder without any probiotic (control) and L. plantarum, L. casei and the mixed culture of L. plantarum and L. casei based spray dried probiotic milk powder in LP, LC and LPLC treatment groups, respectively. Supplementation of diets with spray dried probiotic milk powder containing either the monoculture of L. plantarum or L. casei or their mixed culture improved health performance of rats in terms of hematological and blood biochemical parameters. Significant decrease in the total serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol concentration was observed in rats fed on diets supplemented with spray dried probiotic milk powder. Although the improvement in blood biochemical, hematological parameters and serum lipid profile of experimental rats was observed in all the three probiotic milk powder supplemented groups viz. LP, LC and LPLC; however these improvement was more in the L. plantarum and L. casei mixed culture supplemented group as compared to other two monoculture probiotic milk powder supplemented groups. Nevertheless, these increases were only of statistical significance without any clinical relevance as most of these parameters were within the normal physiological values for rats. © 2019 Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Ex Situ Conservation of Phyllanthus fraternus Webster and Evaluation of Genetic Fidelity in Regenerates Using DNA-Based Molecular Marker
(Humana Press Inc., 2014) Richa Upadhyay; Sarvesh Pratap Kashyap; Chandra Shekhar Singh; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Karuna Singh; Major Singh
Germplasm storage of Phyllanthus fraternus by using synseed technology has been optimized. Synseeds were prepared from nodal segments taken from in vitro-grown plantlets. An encapsulation matrix of 3 % sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride with polymerization duration up to 15 min was found most suitable for synseed formation. Maximum plantlet conversion (92.5 ± 2.5 %) was obtained on a growth regulator-free ½-strength solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Multiple shoot proliferation was optimum on a ½ MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Shoots were subjected to rooting on MS media containing 1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and acclimatized successfully. Encapsulated nodal segments can be stored for up to 90 days with a survival frequency of 47.33 %. The clonal fidelity of synseed-derived plantlets was also assessed and compared with that of the mother plant using rapid amplified polymorphic DNA and inter-simple sequence repeat analysis. No changes in molecular profiles were observed among the synseed-derived plantlets and mother plant, which confirms the genetic stability of regenerates. This synseed production protocol could be useful for in vitro multiplication, short-term storage, and exchange of germplasm of this important antiviral and hepatoprotective plant. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Physicochemical and bioactive constituents, microbial counts, and color components of spray-dried Syzygium cumini L. pulp powder stored in different packaging materials under two controlled environmental conditions
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Vishal Kumar; Chandra Shekhar Singh; Shiva Bakshi; Sudhir Kumar; Satya Prakash Yadav; Zakarya Ali Saleh Al-Zamani; Pankaj Kumar; Upendra Singh; Kamlesh Kumar Meena; Durga Shankar Bunkar; Vinod Kumar Paswan
Currently, the demand for functional food items that impart health benefits has been rising. Blackberry (Syzygium cumini L.) fruit has high anthocyanin content and other functional attributes. However, this seasonal fruit is highly perishable, and a large proportion of it goes unharvested and wasted worldwide. Spray drying of the fruit pulp can impart improved shelf life, ensuring long-term availability for consumers to exploit its health benefits. The storage quality varies according to the type of packaging material and the storage environment. Therefore, in this study, the shelf life span of the spray-dried Syzygium cumini L. pulp powder (SSCPP) was investigated during 6 months of storage under three types of packaging materials (i.e., polystyrene, metalized polyester, and 4-ply laminates) in a low-temperature environmental (LTE) and at ambient environmental conditions. The physicochemical stability of bioactive principles (TPC and TAC), microbial counts, and color components were analyzed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 months of storage. There was a significant gradual loss of dispersibility and solubility with an increase in flowability, bulk density, and wettability during the entire storage period for all three packaging materials. The TSS, pH, TPC, TAC, and microbial counts decreased in the SSCPP both at ambient and LTE conditions during the study. Among all the packaging materials, the 4-ply laminate was found to be the most appropriate and safe for storage of spray-dried SCPP at LTE conditions. Copyright © 2023 Kumar, Singh, Bakshi, Kumar, Yadav, Al-Zamani, Kumar, Singh, Meena, Bunkar and Paswan.
Policy palette: A spectrum of legal and educational challenges in the political landscape
(EnPress Publisher, LLC, 2024) Gunawan Widjaja; Raja Pathak; Bhanu Pratap Singh; Deepak Kem; Sharon M. Dreisbach; A.H. Al-Kassem; Chandra Shekhar Singh
The creation of points where law, politics and education policies take intersection is a very complex and dynamic environment determined by philosophical shifts, economic problems, and social dynamics. This study dissects various complicated challenges facing the process of the framing of educational policies and their implementation which have become rampant due to the rapid political transformations. The researched evaluation is applied via both qualitative and quantitative methods, including juridical research, case and best practices studies and surveys, with the descriptive nature of the research as the main tool. The heart of the essay is three main themes-the contention between the rigidity of the academic standards and the holistic growth of students, its possible effects when students are too identified with a test-centric approach as their knowledge is sacrificed for their test scores, and the inclusion of rights and protections for underrepresented populations even when faced with a government’s resistance. Similarly, the research examines the perils of creating legislation too quickly, especially, because of unexpected side effects and interpretation conflicts. Findings show profound demographic differentials over districts which implies the designing and implementation of policies need to be modified accordingly. Unless a certain policy brings the best outcomes in the learning process, then nobody should choose it even if it means disrupting student well-being and decreasing their involvement. It is also emblematic of how cross-party cooperation and stakeholders’ understanding are important aspects of fairly dealing with complicated policy environments. © 2024 by author(s).
Process optimization of spray dried Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) pulp powder
(Academic Press, 2019) Chandra Shekhar Singh; Vinod Kumar Paswan; Dinesh Chandra Rai
Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) fruits contain large amounts of phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals but are highly perishable in nature. Therefore, this study was aimed at development of Jamun pulp powder (JPP) from Jamun fruits in order to preserve the valuable phytochemicals and nutrients. Procedure for manufacturing JPP was successfully optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Variables for optimizing the process of spray drying of JPP were different levels of inlet air temperature (175–185 °C) and maltodextrin concentration (5–10%) based on our several pre-trials. While the moisture, solubility, dispersibility, total phenolic content (TPC) and total anthocyanins content (TAC) were chosen as the responses. The process was optimized with a combination of 185 °C inlet air temperature and 10% concentration of maltodextrin, resulting into JPP with 20.36% yield and having a moisture content of 2.13%, TPC of 201.14 g GAE/100 g and TAC of 100.74 mg/100 g. The optimized JPP had a solubility of 93.29% and dispersibility of 91.43%. Spray dried optimized JPP retained significantly higher quantity of TPC and TAC when compared to other commercial fruit juice powders and they retained comparatively lower moisture content (MC) that was helpful in enhancing the shelf life of the powder without changing its physico-chemical properties. © 2019