Browsing by Author "Chhemendra Sharma"

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Assessment of energy generation potentials of MSW in Delhi under different technological options
(2013) Monojit Chakraborty; Chhemendra Sharma; Jitendra Pandey; Prabhat K. Gupta
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an important source of methane emission which is a greenhouse gas (GHG) and has high potential for its use as energy source. A study has been carried out to find out the energy generation potential of MSW being dumped in Delhi's three landfills viz. Ghazipur (GL), Bhalswa (BL) and Okhla (OL). Five technologies for waste to energy generation, namely biomethanation, incineration, gasification/pyrolysis, refused derived fuel (RDF) and plasma arc gasification have been evaluated for computation of possible energy (WTE) generation potential of MSW under ideal conditions using the MSW specific characteristic parameters. Bulk waste with and without pre-segregation of reusable high carbonaceous materials have been considered to develop range of energy generation potentials under two scenarios of with and without segregation of MSW. USEPA-LandGem model version 3.02 has been used to get LFG generation potential of Delhi's landfills. The potential of biomethanation process for producing energy has been found to be in the range of 3-10, 3-8 and 2-8 MW/day from the MSW deposited in GL, BL and OL respectively. The energy generation potentials of the MSW deposited in GL, BL and OL have been found to be in the range of 8-24, 7-22 and 7-19 MW/day for incineration process; 17-32, 16-29 and 11-25 MW/day from gasification/pyrolysis process; 9-19, 8-18 and 6-15 MW/day for RDF process; and 17-35, 16-32 and 11-28 MW/day for plasma arc gasification process respectively. The lower values in these ranges depict the energy generation potential for segregated waste while the higher values are for the bulk waste. These values are based on theoretical ideals and help in identifying the optimal WTE technique. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chemical characterization, source apportionment and transport pathways of PM2.5 and PM10 over Indo Gangetic Plain of India
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Srishti Jain; Sudhir Kumar Sharma; Manoj K. Srivastava; Abhijit Chatterjee; Narayanswami Vijayan; S. Swarupa Tripathy; K. Maharaj Kumari; Tuhin Kumar Mandal; Chhemendra Sharma
The present work depicts the spatial and temporal variations in chemical characteristics and sources of PM2.5 and PM10 over Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India from January 2015 to December 2016. PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected at three typical urban sites of Delhi, Varanasi, and Kolkata of IGP, India and characterized to evaluate their chemical components. The average concentrations of PM2.5 at Delhi, Varanasi, and Kolkata were 135 ± 64, 99 ± 33, and 116 ± 38 μg m−3, respectively. Whereas the average concentrations of PM10 over Delhi, Varanasi, and Kolkata were 242 ± 95, 257 ± 90, and 179 ± 77 μg m−3, respectively. Source apportionment was carried out using the three receptor models i.e. Principal Component Analysis-Absolute Principal Component Score (PCA-APCS), UNMIX, and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), implemented on the same data sets to obtain the conjointly validated results. All the models identified that vehicular emissions, secondary aerosols, biomass burning, and soil dust were the dominant sources of PM2.5 and PM10 over IGP, India. Hybrid receptor models revealed the presence of strong local emission sources as well as traversing of pollutants from the parts of Pakistan, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Bangladesh. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Emission inventory of trace gases from road transport in India
(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Richa Singh; Chhemendra Sharma; Madhoolika Agrawal
In India, road transport sector is one of the major anthropogenic contributor of GHGs and other pollutants into the atmosphere which have significant adverse human health effects. National and state level pollutants’ emissions from road transport in India have been estimated by using VKT approach for the period of 2001–2013 which includes the values of average vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) by different vehicle types and emission factors (EF) for different vehicle types. The results revealed a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.5%, 8.5%, 8.1%, 8.3%, 8.4%, 8.2% and 9% respectively of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matters (PM) & hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from vehicles in road transport sector during the periods 2001–2013 due to increase of vehicle population. The study also showed a negative temporal trend in the CO2 emissions per unit of GDP indicating reduced CO2 emission intensities in transport sector. Statewise emission estimates from different vehicle categories confirmed that states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Delhi are responsible for about 68% of total emissions of CO2, CO, CH4, NOx, SO2, HC and PM. © 2017
Methane emission estimation from landfills in Delhi: A comparative assessment of different methodologies
(2011) Monojit Chakraborty; Chhemendra Sharma; Jitendra Pandey; Nahar Singh; Prabhat K. Gupta
Landfills are important anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4) emission especially in fast urbanizing countries. This paper presents the CH4 emission estimations carried out using the in-situ CH4 measurements, IPCC 1996 Default methodology (DM), Modified Triangular Method (MTM) and First Order Decay (FOD) method for the three landfills currently operational in the capital city Delhi of India. The in-situ methodology has yielded the landfills specific methane emission factors (EFs). The annual average methane emission rates from three landfills namely, Ghazipur (GL), Bhalswa (BL) and Okhla (OL) are 14.6, 23.6 & 7.5 Gg y-1 by DM; 13.3, 10.6 & 7.2 Gg y-1 by the FOD; 17.0, 13.7 and 10.7 Gg y-1 by the MTM; and 4.6, 4.2 and 1.4 Gg y-1 by the in-situ measurement method respectively. The CH4 EFs have been found to be 9.7 ± 2.6, 5.5 ± 1.6 and 5.5 ± 1.7 g kg-1 of waste respectively for the GL, BL and OL landfills in Delhi. The study reveals that in-situ methodology seems to provide better representative emission estimation compared to other methods. The FOD method also yields comparable results with that of in-situ methodology in cases where good waste composition data is available. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Urban solid waste management processes, implications, threats and opportunities: An overview on related issues and mitigation measures
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2015) Monojit Chakraborty; Chhemendra Sharma; Jitendra Pandey
Most of the cities in Indian cities show inefficiencies in environmentally sound and sustainable waste management. An audit on the performance of municipal solid waste (MSW) management undertaken by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India in 2007 revealed that no states have completed a comprehensive data about waste volumes and composition. As stated, priority of reducing, recycling and reusing waste have been largely ignored while municipalities focus instead on disposal. The formal waste management system in most of the cities is started from households and ends up in landfills. Due to the tremendous increase in MSW generation with the adequacy of the land occupancy will also be alarming in the future in India. Moreover, dumping of MSW by improper manner in surrounds creates nuisance to the locality, environment as well as human health. Therefore, this is utmost required that of the hour is to turn the best out of waste, therefore waste minimization with adequate techniques and technologies have to be adapted to the Indian conditions. It has been assessed that the energy generation potential from the MSW reaching landfills in Indian cities, four available technologies, namely biomethanation, incineration, refused derived fuel (RDF) and plasma arc gasification. The result shows that different technologies for harnessing the energy from the MSW have different potentials. It has been found that the most cost effective and highest energy generation potential in biomethanation technique which has the potential of energy generation of 133-166 GW in the year 2040, moreover this technique is most adequate with the MSW composition in India. © 2015 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.