Browsing by Author "D. Joshi"

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Electrophysiological and histological changes in extrinsic muscles proximal to post burn contractures of hand
(2011) V. Bhattacharya; Shammi Purwar; D. Joshi; M. Kumar; S. Mandal; G.R. Chaudhuri; S. Bhattacharya
Burn scar hand contractures of variable degree are frequently encountered. Although the forearm is apparently spared, it was clinically observed that there was disuse atrophy in the unburnt extrinsic forearm muscles. Usually the clinicians do not give much importance to this fact. The girth at the midforearm was significantly reduced as compared to normal side. The flexion of the hand joints are governed by two components (a) intrinsic and (b) extrinsic muscles. The intrinsic muscles are directly involved in the contracted tissue. Therefore it was thought essential to evaluate the extrinsic group of muscles for their contribution in the final functional recovery following corrective surgery. Thirty patients having unilateral post thermal burn contracture sparing forearm were studied. A detailed clinical evaluation was made including grade of contracture and reduction in the forearm girth. The forearm unburnt muscles were evaluated by preoperative electrophysiological studies. Intraoperative biopsies were taken from these muscles for histopathological examination. On histopathological examination, there were significant abnormal changes in the form of muscle fiber atrophy, fibrolipomatous tissue replacement of atrophic muscle fibers and sarcolemmal changes. These changes were directly proportional to the severity of contractures. The electrophysiological studies showed proportionate changes in the form of reduction in amplitude, duration and interference. This study suggests that if these changes are mild and in reversible stage, they will favourably affect the functional recovery following surgery. However if these changes are of severe grade and irreversible, in spite of adequate surgery, splinting and physiotherapy, the functional recovery may not be complete. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI.
Etiological spectrum of non-traumatic myelopathies: Experience from a tertiary care centre
(2006) R.N. Chaurasia; A. Verma; D. Joshi; S. Misra
Aim: This study aimed to identify the clinical and radiological profile of non-traumatic myelopathies and various etiologies associated with them. Material and Methods: Two hundred and four patients of non-traumatic myelopathy were prospectively studied in different wards of Sir Sundar Lal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, from September 2002 to March2004. Patients underwent a detailed clinical evaluation followed by laboratory investigation and neuroimaging studies. Results: Among 204 patients of non-traumatic myelopathy, 108 patients presented with paraplegia and 96 patients with quadriplegia. Tuberculosis was the commonest cause of compression paraplegia in this series and was observed in 42 cases (33.33%) while quadriplegia was seen in only 3 cases (2.38%). In the present study, acute transverse myelitis formed the major bulk of non-compressive myelopathy. Conclusion: Tuberculosis of spine was the most common cause of compressive myelopathy and among the non-compressive group acute transverse myelitis and SACD were the important etiology. © JAPI 2006.
Lathyrism: Has the scenario changed in 2013?
(2014) V.N. Mishra; C.B. Tripathi; A. Kumar; V. Nandmer; A.Z. Ansari; B. Kumar; R.N. Chaurasia; D. Joshi
Lathyrism is now rarely seen as a clinical disease in general, medical or neurology outpatient departments, throughout the world. Eating patterns of seeds of Lathyrus sativus are still prevalent focal points in parts of the world. Question arises, why are we not seeing cases of lathyrism? Is it that the disease has changed its profile, with the changing socioeconomic status of the poor or underdeveloped or moderately developed countries? Is it that the seeds of lathyrus are less toxic now? Is it that the body defence against toxins of lathyrus has genetically modified? To find out answers to these interesting questions, an extensive questionnaire-based sampling was done among 1000 subjects from northern India to identify the human behaviour regarding the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) for L. sativus. Four clinically suspected cases of Lathyrism were also fully worked up. It was concluded that many areas of India are still being fed with lathyrus seeds, but not many cases have appeared. Many questions have to be answered, as to what has reduced the incidence of lathyrism. © W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2014.
Neuronal stem cells
(2003) D. Joshi; M. Behari
Stem cells are self regenerating multipotential cells, found in the human brain which have the potential to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and to self renew sufficiently to provide adequate number of cells in the brain. Neural stem cell grafts have been studied in a variety of animal models for various diseases like metabolic disorders, muscular dystrophies, neurodegenerative disorders, spinal cord repair, brain tumors and demyelinating disease. Stem cells may be derived from autologus, allogeneic or xenogenic sources. Histocompatibility is prerequisite for transplantation of allogeneic stem cells. Fetal tissue is the best current tissue source for human neural stem cells, however ethical issues are a major concern. Thus the prospect that stem cells could potentially be used to promote neurogenesis following injury and disease may seem attractive, yet the inherent problems associated with isolation and rejection in case of stem cells from another source, the potential to form tumors and ethical issues are the major challenges.
Polyneuropathy with osteosclerotic myeloma - POEMS syndrome
(2004) P. Kumar; Archana Verma; D. Kishore; L.D. Parhi; D. Joshi; S. Misra
A 55-years-old male, who presented with insidious onset gradually progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy, POEMS-syndrome was diagnosed based on polyneuropathy, splenomegaly, hypothyroidism, the presence of IgG-monoclonal serum protein with osteosclerotic lesions and hyperpigmention of skin. Biopsy of the osteosclerotic lesion from the right superior pubic rami was consistent with plasmocytoma. Electrophysiological studies revealed demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy and biopsy from sural nerve showed demyelinating neuropathy with secondary axonopathy. The patient showed improvement with radiotherapy. This is a rare systemic disease from the clinical spectrum of plasma cell dyscrasias with polyneuropathy. The importance of POEMS syndrome in the differential diagnosis of polyneuropathies has been emphasized. © JAPI 2004.
Seasonal immunohistochemical reactivity of S-100 and α-smooth muscle actin proteins in the epididymis of dromedary camel, Camelus dromedarius
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017) Z.H. Ibrahim; D. Joshi; S.K. Singh
The S-100 and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) proteins have been localised in epididymal tissue of several mammalian species, but there have been no data for a seasonal work in camel. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunoreactivities of S-100 and α-SMA proteins in the epididymis of dromedary camel during breeding and nonbreeding seasons. The immunopositive signals for both proteins were observed in different regions of camel epididymis. S-100-immunopositive signals were noted in both the epididymal epithelium and the intertubular connective tissue, while α-SMA signals were confined to the intertubular connective tissue, especially in the peritubular smooth muscle coat and the blood vessels. This study showed an increase in the intensity of S-100 and α-SMA immunoreactions during the breeding season in different regions of camel epididymis than that seen in the nonbreeding season. In conclusion, epididymis might be considered as a source of S-100 and α-SMA proteins in the camel and the secretion of these proteins showed distinct seasonal variations. Further, S-100 and α-SMA may affect the structural and physiological states of the epididymal duct. © 2016 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
The neuropeptide orexin A – search for its possible role in regulation of steroidogenesis in adult mice testes
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2018) D. Joshi; S.K. Singh
Orexin A, a hypothalamic neuropeptide, regulates food intake and sleep-wake cycle by binding to orexin receptor 1. Besides brain, orexin A and orexin receptor 1 are also present in peripheral organs. In our earlier studies, localization and expression of orexin A and orexin receptor 1 have been shown in adult mouse testis, and further their role in testicular development in neonatal mouse was also demonstrated. In this study, role of orexin A and orexin receptor 1 in the testis of adult mouse by blocking binding of orexin A to orexin receptor 1 using an orexin receptor 1 antagonist, SB-334867, was investigated under in vivo and ex vivo conditions. Mice were given a single bilateral intratesticular injection of the antagonist at doses of 4 and 12 μg/mouse and were sacrificed 24 h post-injection. The antagonist treatment caused degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules in the testis and also caused alterations in steroidogenesis, with a concomitant decrease in the level of testosterone (T) and an increase in the level of 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) in serum and in testis. Further, expressions of SF1, StAR, P450scc and 17β-HSD were downregulated, while the expressions of 3β-HSD and P450arom were upregulated in antagonist-treated mice compared with controls. Also, the oxidative stress in the testis was increased in treated mice. In ex vivo study, antagonist treatment to the testis caused a marked decrease in the level of T and an increase in the level of E 2 in the media, accompanied by downregulated expression of SF1, StAR, P450scc and 17β-HSD and an upregulation in the expression of 3β-HSD and P450arom, indicating a direct role of orexin A in regulation of testicular steroidogenesis. The results of ex vivo study supported the findings of in vivo study. In conclusion, the results suggest potential involvement of orexin A and orexin receptor 1 in regulation of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in the testis of adult Parkes mice. © 2018 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology