Browsing by Author "D.J. Shrinivasa"

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ADVANCES IN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
(CRC Press, 2024) K. Manjunatha; D.J. Shrinivasa; C.R. Chethan; T.M. Anandakumar
[No abstract available]
ADVANCES IN OCEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
(CRC Press, 2024) T.M. Anandakumar; C.R. Chethan; D.J. Shrinivasa; K. Manjunatha
[No abstract available]
An Adjustable Pneumatic Planter with Reduced Source Vibration for Better Precision in Field Seeding
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Jyotirmay Mahapatra; Prem Shanker Tiwari; Krishna Pratap Singh; Balaji Murhari Nandede; Ramesh K. Sahni; Vikas Pagare; Jagjeet Singh; D.J. Shrinivasa; Sandip Mandal
The growing demand for agricultural output and limited resources encourage precision applications to generate higher-order output by utilizing minimal inputs of seed, fertilizer, land, and water. An electronically operated planter was developed, considering problems like ground-wheel skidding, field vibration, and the lack of ease in field adjustments of ground-wheel-driven seed-metering plates. The seed-metering plate of each unit of the developed planter is individually driven by a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor, and a BLDC motor-based aspirator is attached for pneumatic suction of seeds. The revolutions per minute (RPM) of the seed-metering plate are controlled by a microcontroller as per the received data relating to RPM from the ground wheel and the current RPM of the seed-metering plate. A feedback loop with proportional integral derivative (PID) control is responsible for reducing the error. Additionally, each row unit is attached to a parallelogram-based depth control system that can provide depth between 0 and 100 mm. The suction pressure in each unit is regulated as per seed type using the RPM control knob of an individual BLDC motor-based aspirator. The row-to-row spacing can be changed from 350 mm to any desired spacing. The cotton variety selected for the study was RCH 659, and the crucial parameters like orifice size, vacuum pressure, and forward speed were optimized in the laboratory with the adoption of a central composite rotatable design. An orifice diameter of 2.947 mm with vacuum pressure of 3.961 kPa and forward speed of 4.261 km/h was found optimal. A quality feed index of 93% with a precision index of 8.01% was observed from laboratory tests under optimized conditions. Quality feed index and precision index values of 88.8 and 12.75%, respectively, were obtained from field tests under optimized conditions. © 2024 by the authors.
Compound feed production for livestock
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2020) D.J. Shrinivasa; S.M. Mathur
Dairying is an important source of subsidiary income to small/marginal farmers and agricultural labourers. Cattle feeding practices are generally traditional and most of the feed comes from grazing. However, due to shortage of feed, there has been a gradual shift from traditional feed pattern to compound feed (CF). For livestock it is either in the form of mash, feed block or feed pellets. With added advantages, the feed block and feed pellets are more popular than the mash. In India, CF is produced at the industrial level. The CFmaking machines are classified as feed block-making machines and feed pellet-making machines; these are further classified as manually operated, electrical and IC engine-powered machines. The feed pelleting machines available in the market are expensive and thus unaffordable by livestock farmers. If small-scale animal producers have access to a domestically developed pellet mill technology that is low cost yet dependable, then it reduces the dependency on the high cost of commercial feeds available in the market and makes dairy farming more profitable by taking advantages of different feedstuff available at cheap prices, especially during harvest when high-quality ingredients available at low prices. © 2020, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Design and evaluation of portable compound cattle feed pelleting machine for farm-level feed production
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, 2021) D.J. Shrinivasa; S.M. Mathur; Abhijit Khadatkar
Imbalanced nutrition, besides shortage of feed is one of the major factors responsible for low livestock productivity in conventional feeding. But, as time elapsed, there has been gradual shift from traditional pattern to compounded cattle feed (CCF), either in mash or pellet forms. The pellet form is the most preferred form of CCF among other due to its various advantages. In India, compound feeds are produced at industrial level and there is about 57% of gap between demand and supply. Any disruption in trade may cause cattle pellets expensive and unaffordable for the average dairy farmer. Feed pellet production at farm level by using locally available feed resources (which are within easy reach of the farmers and at low cost) is an alternative to the high cost feed pellet available in the market. The feed pelleting machines available in the market are expensive and individuals are unable to own them. Considering this, an attempt was made to design and develop the portable feed pelleting machine for farm level compound cattle feed pellet production. The physical properties of the feed mixture (viz. particle size, moisture content, bulk density, coefficient of friction and angle of repose) were determined and used/considered for design of feed pelleting machine wherever found necessary. The developed feed pelleting machine consists of the die plate, die shaft, pelleting chamber, press rolls, clearance adjustment mechanism, hopper, V-belt and pulley drive mechanism, electric motor and main frame. The outcome from evaluation of the pelleting machine has demonstrated a pelleting efficiency of 91.40%. The prototype feed pelleting machine produced a throughput capacity of up to 55 kg/h and pelleting capacity of 54 kg/h. © 2021 Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.
Design and Evaluation of Portable Manually Operated Spawn Spreading Machine for Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus florida) Cultivation
(National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2022) Shashikumar; G. Senthil Kumaran; Meera Pandey; C. Ramana; L. Edukondalu; K. Ashok Kumar; D.J. Shrinivasa
Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) is gaining demand owing to its benefits and taste. But, the prevailing manual method of cultivation is compromised with limited spawn spreading capacity and high chance of contamination which could be overcome by use of a spawn spreading machine. Currently no such machine is available which has prompted us to develop the same. The benefaction of the developed machine to the farmers is lightweight, portable, autoclavable, affordable, uncomplicated design, unskilled person can operate and minimize contamination chance that leads to increase in yield of mushroom. It constitutes the main frame, truncated conical hopper and ball valve metering mechanism. The machine evaluated in the lab shown that a highest spawn spreading capacity of 288 bags/h as compared to manual spreading operation of 110 bags/h for rice straw substrate at spawning rate of 50 g. In this context, the result clearly indicate that, the spawn spreading machine is very cost effective, save time and reduce labour requirement as compared to manual operation. © 2022 Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.
Design and Evaluation of Rice Straw Bag Filling Machine for Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Florida) Cultivation
(National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2023) Shashikumar; G. Senthil Kumaran; K. Raju Yadav; Meera Pandey; C. Ramana; L. Edukondalu; K. Ashok Kumar; D.J. Shrinivasa
Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) is a simple, fast, and cost-effective variety for cultivation, requiring minimal substrate preparation time and production technology when compared to other edible mushrooms. Its popularity has soared due to its exceptional culinary taste and flavor, surpassing even the well-known button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). As a result, it has become highly recognized and preferred over button mushrooms in India. However, the current manual bag filling process of wet chopped rice straw substrate for Pleurotus florida cultivation is laborious and time-consuming, with limited bagging capacity. To address this challenge, a rice straw bag filling machine was designed and developed specifically for oyster mushroom cultivation. This machine comprises a main frame, truncated conical hopper, agitator, single flight tapered end screw conveyor, tubular trough, cylindrical drum, chain and sprocket drive mechanism, and an electric motor. The successful evaluation of this machine revealed that, the maximum bagging capacity of 293 bags/h was found at screw speed of 150 rpm and 200 mm pitch length for rice straw substrate. © 2023 Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.
Future projections of crop water and irrigation water requirements using a bias-corrected regional climate model coupled with CROPWAT
(IWA Publishing, 2023) Abhishek Agrawal; Prashant Kumar Srivastava; Vinod Kumar Tripathi; D.J. Shrinivasa; Swati Maurya; Reema Sharma
The study is conducted to examine the climate change impact on rice Crop Water Requirement (CWR) and Net Irrigation Requirement (NIR) using the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projection (NEX-GDDP) coupled with the CROPWAT 8.0 model. The maximum temperature (Tmax ), minimum temperature (Tmin), and rainfall projections for the baseline (years 1981–2015) and future (years 2030 and 2040) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 were derived from NEX-GDDP. To reduce the bias, linear scaling (LS) and the modified difference approach (MDA) were employed. Results show that LS performed better than the MDA along with improved statistical measures such as mean (μ), standard deviation (σ), and percent bias (Pbias), in the case of Tmax and Tmin (μ ¼ 31.14 and 19.63 °C, σ ¼ 5.75 and 6.78 °C, Pbias ¼ 1.43 and 0.33%), followed by rainfall (μ ¼ 2.67 mm, σ ¼ 4.94 mm, and Pbias ¼ 2.4%). The future climatic projections showed an increasing trend in both Tmax and Tmin, which are expected to increase by 1.7 °C by 2040. This would cause an increased range of 1.2 and 2% in 2030 and 2040, respectively. Due to a wide variation in effective rainfall (Peff ), NIR could increase by 4 and 9% in 2030 and 2040, respectively. The above results may help formulate adaptation measures to alleviate the impacts of climate change on rice production. © 2023 The Authors.
HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
(CRC Press, 2024) D.J. Shrinivasa; K. Manjunatha; C.R. Chethan; Shashikumar; V.K. Tripathi; T.M. Anandakumar
[No abstract available]