Browsing by Author "Damini Supolia"

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Pathways of important metabolites and enzymes involved
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Jahanvi Ganotra; Damini Supolia; Akanksha Sharma; Meenakshi Raina; Neelam Prabha Negi; Vibhav Gautam; Deepak Kumar
Plants produce diverse chemical compounds that play a crucial role not only in plant growth and development but also hold great economic and ecological importance for mankind. Plants synthesize these compounds to cope with various abiotic and biotic stresses and also in response to the incessantly changing surrounding environment. Broadly, these compounds are categorized as primary and secondary metabolites. While the former play direct roles in plant growth, development, functioning, defense, and stress tolerance, the latter do not hold any direct importance in the growth and development of plants. Primary metabolites include carbohydrates, organic acids, flavonoids, vitamins, amino acids, glucosinolates, hormones, and phenolics. These are also widely used by humans as dietary compounds. Secondary metabolites, on the other hand, can be broadly sub-divided into four major groups, i.e., terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and sulphur-containing compounds. These compounds perform various other physiological roles like protecting plants against microbes and herbivory, insect repellents, allelopathic agents, attractants for pollinators and seed dispersal agents, regulating symbiosis, providing structural support to plants, and alleviating biotic stresses. Additionally, they are also extensively used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, as well as the production of fragrances, drugs, dietary supplements, dyes, and flavours. Although, a myriad of these metabolites are synthesized by plants, and are basically derived by modifying the basic chemical structure of compounds already present in plants. This chapter, therefore, elucidates the biosynthetic pathways of some of the major plant metabolites, giving special attention to the key enzymes involved. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
Phytomelatonin: Molecular messenger for stress perception and response in plants
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Akanksha Sharma; Neelam Prabha Negi; Meenakshi Raina; Damini Supolia; Ayushi Mahajan; Ravi Rajwanshi; Vibhav Gautam; Bhawana Bhagat; Harshita Kakoria; Deepak Kumar
Plants are subjected to various environmental stresses that influence their growth, metabolism, productivity and survival. Nevertheless, plants respond to these stresses by inducing certain morpho-physiological, biochemical, molecular and genetic changes. Some of these changes conferring stress tolerance include the formation of cork/abscission layers and tyloses, gum deposition, synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins, increased cell lignification and synthesis of signaling molecules. Phytomelatonin is a signaling molecule uniformly distributed in diverse plant parts and regulates physio-biochemical responses under abiotic and biotic stresses. It confers stress tolerance to plants by delaying leaf senescence, reducing photosynthetic inhibition, acting as a biostimulator and improving the antioxidant status. Studies have shown the positive effects of exogenously applied phytomelatonin for stress mitigation that leads to improved seed germination, plant growth, yield and chlorophyll content. Recent research has shown the hidden potential of phytomelatonin in plant tissue culture, wherein it can be used for the production of various stress enzymes and other organic compounds like silymarin. Herein, the review highlights the potential of phytomelatonin in plants along with its underlying mechanism of action to alleviate stress in plants. Also numerous crosstalks of phytomelatonin with other signaling molecules have been highlighted, including nitric oxide, reactive nitrogen species, calcium calmodulin and phytohormones to alleviate stress. It also provides detailed insight into the genetic regulation of stress tolerance in plants, along with brushing the-omics approach of phytomelatonin synthesis and functioning. The present review paves the path for detailed research on the development of transgenic and in-vitro aspect of phytomelatonin in the plant tissue culture. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Unearthing the Modern Trends and Concepts of Rhizosphere Microbiome in Relation to Plant Productivity
(Springer, 2023) Hitakshi Gupta; Jahanvi Ganotra; Nikita Pathania; Tirth Bhargavbhai Patel; Nisha Choudhary; Reia Rani; Damini Supolia; Deepak Kumar
The rhizosphere microbiome is crucial for plant growth and health, providing defense against plethora of surrounding potential pathogens, improving crops’ nutrient acquisition, and aiding in withstanding series of abiotic stresses. Exchange of resources between plants and their associated soil environment is supported by a pivotal interface termed as rhizosphere. Plants being sessile are incessantly exposed to a diverse array of abiotic and biotic stresses under natural conditions, thereby acting as major bottlenecks to hinder their growth and production. However, it is possible to engineer plant rhizosphere microbiome as revealed by the recent advances in research in context to the plant–microbe interactions. Therefore, shaping of rhizosphere microbiome for developing promising strategies can be vital in relation to plant productivity. Furthermore, exploring the structure and dynamics of plant rhizosphere microbiome represents an exciting frontier of research to protect plants from potential phytopathogens in a sustainable manner. Advances in molecular tools are beneficial to unravel the concepts of plant–microbe association, which could act as a key driver in drafting the future “biofertilizers.” Owing to the current challenges in crop production, there is an urgent need to understand plant–microbiome interactions in the rhizosphere to bring microbiome-based strategies for incorporating beneficial resident microbial communities into practice. The present chapter uncovers the concepts of plant rhizosphere microbiome, its diversity, abundance, composition, and interplay with the plants. Additionally, elucidation of plant rhizosphere microbiome engineering and various factors and techniques involved therein for enhancing plant productivity have been presented, thereby helping meet food requirements of exponentially growing global population. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.