Browsing by Author "Dawa Dolma Bhutia"

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Antagonistic Yeasts for Biocontrol of the Banana Postharvest Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum musae
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017) V. Yeka Zhimo; Darsana Dilip; Jessica Sten; Vikas Kumar Ravat; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Birendranath Panja; Jayanta Saha
The biocontrol potentials of Candida tropicalis YZ1, C. tropicalis YZ27 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae YZ7 against the postharvest anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum musae were investigated. Treatments with all the three biocontrol agents (1 × 108 CFU/ml) significantly reduced the natural anthracnose disease severity of harvested banana fruits stored at ambient condition. Germination and survival of C. musae spores were markedly inhibited by all the three yeast strains in in vitro tests. The niche overlap index (NOI) was used to determine the interaction between the antagonists and C. musae, and the results (high NOI values) suggest competitive exclusion of C. musae by the yeast strains. C. tropicalis YZ27 inoculated on banana wounds exhibited rapid colonization and maintenance of its population on the inoculated site. The biocontrol efficacy was also observed as a function of concentration of the antagonist applied. The fruits treated with C. tropicalis YZ27, 36 h before pathogen inoculation, showed the best results with 96.0% disease inhibition followed by those treated 24 h before with 84.0% inhibition. The above results point to competition for nutrients and space as the main mechanism of antagonistic action of C. tropicalis YZ27 against C. musae. © 2016 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
Antifungal activity of plant extracts against Colletotrichum musae, the post harvest anthracnose pathogen of banana cv. Martaman
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2016) Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Yeka Zhimo; Ramen Kole; Jayanta Saha
Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to determine the antifungal activities of different solvent extracts of common plants in vitro and in vivo against banana anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum musae (Berk & M.A. Curtis) Arx, and to investigate its effects on the pathogen and identify the bio active component(s). Design/methodology/approach – Extracts were obtained from leaves, tender shoots, rhizomes, bulbs, seeds and fruits of 42 naturally growing plant species following hot sequential extraction. Preliminary screening of the solvent extracts was done based on the inhibition of radial mycelial growth of C. musae following poison food technique and conidial germination inhibition by cavity slide technique. The selected extracts were assessed for their effect on harvested banana in reducing anthracnose during storage. The active components in the bio-active fractions of plant extract were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Findings – Methanol extracted a larger quantity of material (between 6.9 and 12.5 per cent) than hexane or chloroform, and all its extracts were active against the test pathogen with mycelial growth inhibition ranging from 13.70 to 88.89 per cent. Zingiber officinale rhizome extract as well as Polyalthia longifolia and Clerodendrum inerme leaf extracts exhibited more than 80 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth. Total inhibition of spore germination of C. musae was recorded in Z. officinale and P. longifolia extracts at 0.3 per cent w/v and 0.5 per cent w/v concentration, respectively, while only 68 per cent spore inhibition was recorded in C. inerme at 0.5 per cent w/v concentration. Of the three plant species, Z. officinale had the best antifungal activity (18.0 per cent disease incidence; 2.2 disease severity scale) when banana fruits were dipped in the extract at a concentration of 0.5 per cent w/v at 5 days of storage in ambient condition (80-82 per cent R.H., 27 ± 1°C). The bio-active compounds in the extract of Z. officinale were identified as alpha-curcumene and zingerone. Originality/value – Based on the antifungal activity, plant extract of Z. officinale can be used as an effective alternative to chemicals in controlling anthracnose pathogen in harvested banana. © 2016, © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Detection and Diagnosis of Important Soil-Borne Diseases: An Overview
(Springer, 2022) Md Mahtab Rashid; Gagan Kumar; Saroj Belbase; Jiwan Paudel; Basavraj Teli; Raina Bajpai; Dhuni Lal Yadav; Lovkush Satnami; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Shrvan Kumar; Ankita Sarkar
Soil borne pathogens are major group of phytopathogen causing numerous soil-borne diseases. Due to their persistent behaviour, huge losses in yield have been reported. Thus, to build an effective and precise management approach, these soil-borne diseases must be detected early, quickly, and accurately. The most common methods for identifying plant diseases in the past were basically based on morphological approaches and such approaches are highly time-consuming and lab or intensive. Molecular detection techniques could address these issues with greater precision and dependability. Collection of information regarding pathogen presence through molecular approach assist in taking timely decisions for early-stage treatments and pre-plant evaluation of the fields. Nowadays, polymerase chain reaction along with high-throughput sequencing methods provides a best window to check the soil health status, in which specific conserved region present in the microbes (16s and ITS) are amplified and sequenced. However, the effect of environmental condition on dynamics of phytopathogens could be exploited to develop prediction model, which allow anticipating the attack of soil borne pathogen prior to disease establishment. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. as a plant growth promoter and antagonist of major pulse pathogens
(Indian Society of Pulses Research and Development (ISPRD), 2023) Mantasha Arif; Vipin Verma; Aishwarya Priyadarshini; Lovkush Satnami; Aalok Mishra; Mariya Ansari; Anirudha Chattopadhyay; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Ankita Sarkar
Trichoderma spp. is mostly used for the management of soil-borne diseases and some foliage and fruit diseases in a variety of crop plants. It can help the environment by reducing agrochemical pollution, promoting plant growth, and enhancing plant resistance in addition to preventing plant diseases. Trichoderma spp. also functions as a secure, affordable, efficient, and environmentally friendly biocontrol agent for several crop species. In the present study, we obtained different Trichoderma isolates from rhizospheric soil samples of different locations and tested them for their antagonistic activity against major pulse pathogens. Among seven isolates, three isolates, viz., Pipal TH-2, ATH-Kashipur, and Mz/AP-2 were found to be highly effective by inhibiting the growth of Fusarium udum (64.04 to 78.65%), Fusarium ciceris (77.77 to 82.12%), Sclerotium rolfsii (59.09 to 69.30%), Macrophomina phaseolina (52.42 to 62.72%) and Alternaria alternata (80.12 to 83.22%). These isolates were also tested for growth-promoting traits (PGPR) in the present study and isolates having both plant growth-promoting ability and biocontrol potentiality were selected and preserved for further studies. These isolates of Trichoderma spp. would be a crucial partner for achieving the Green Earth goal due to their contribution to the sustainable growth of agriculture. © 2023 Indian Society of Pulses Research and Development (ISPRD). All rights reserved.
Exploring plant microbiome: a holistic approach to sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier, 2023) Stuti Krishna; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Ranjan Kumar Chaubey; Ichini Sudhir
Plant microbiome comprises dynamic consortium of all the microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes) colonizing multiple tissues in rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere or microbiome comprising all the microbial genomes. The interplay between plant–microbe interaction and unveiling its role helps in accelerating plant growth for better productivity and sustainability. At present, the crop production is constrained by a number of factors like unanticipated climatic changes, demographic patterns and the need for sustainable production is a must. Traditional farming practices have already been exhausted in terms of their effectiveness in increasing production and productivity which necessitates the inclusion of microbial innovations. Success in use of microorganisms as bioinoculant in biofertilizers and biopesticides would offer opportunities to serve as an alternative to chemical products in farming practices and promoting sustainability. Exploring plant microbiota with regard to different species and/or plant genotype, environmental condition, nutrient uptake, and biotic/abiotic stresses would provide us with suitable strategies and better candidate for a particular area. Since these microorganisms are rich repositories of biosynthetic pathways and production of specific biomolecules, the research in allied sectors and advancement of genetic tools would aid in modulating the properties of specific microbes and improved microbial consortium is helpful to agriculture community to meet the demands of expanding population in a sustainable manner. Advancements in genetic engineering to improve characteristic and inclusion of genetic modified organisms with upgraded functions to fulfill food security issues can address the issue up to a certain extent. Crop breeding programs have yet to be explored for improvement and selection of plant microbiome. The advent of automated DNA synthesis, sequencing, molecular biology, and computational bioinformatics with the latest gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas has found variable applications in agriculture sector but their implementation in microbial research is limited. Deciphering this key relation between plant microbiome and their influence on soil and plant growth is critical to examine and utilize their benefits in sustainable food production. The research in sustainable agriculture is progressing to improve soil health and increase productivity among which the plant microbiome is emerging as a new horizon which is less explored but provides with wider range of opportunities for a healthier mother earth reaching through sustainable ends. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Harnessing weedy rice as functional food and source of novel traits for crop improvement
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Sunil Kumar Chongtham; Ayam Gangarani; Pranab Dutta; Elangbam Lamalakshmi; Sansuta Mohanty; Anil K. Choudhary; Anup Das; Konsam Sarika; Sumit Kumar; Yumnam Sonika; Diana Sagolsem; Y. Rupert Anand; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; M. Victoria; S. Vinodh; Chongtham Tania; Adhikarimayum Dhanachandra Sharma; Lipa Deb; Manas Ranjan Sahoo; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Prashant Swapnil; Mukesh Meena
A relative of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), weedy or red rice (Oryza spp.) is currently recognized as the dominant weed, leading to a drastic loss of yield of cultivated rice due to its highly competitive abilities like producing more tillers, panicles, and biomass with better nutrient uptake. Due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties (anthocyanin and proanthocyanin), and nutrient absorption ability, weedy rice is gaining immense research attentions to understand its genetic constitution to augment future breeding strategies and to develop nutrition-rich functional foods. Consequently, this review focuses on the unique gene source of weedy rice to enhance the cultivated rice for its crucial features like water use efficiency, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, early flowering, and the red pericarp of the seed. It explores the debating issues on the origin and evolution of weedy rice, including its high diversity, signalling aspects, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping under stress conditions, the intricacy of the mechanism in the expression of the gene flow, and ecological challenges of nutrient removal by weedy rice. This review may create a foundation for future researchers to understand the gene flow between cultivated crops and weedy traits and support an improved approach for the applicability of several models in predicting multiomics variables. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Interrelationships among different grain characteristics of wheat grown under optimum and late sowning date conditions in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains of India
(Akademiai Kiado ZRt., 2021) Ranjan Kumar Chaubey; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Sudhir Navathe; Vinod Kumar Mishra; Anil Kumar Singh; Ramesh Chand
Wheat growth has been severely affected by increases in global temperature. The Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India face similar constraints due to the traditional wheat–rice cropping system where wheat planting is often delayed leading to high temperature induced terminal heat stress. Grain characters like grain length, width, area along with starch synthesis are affected severely during heat stress. Considering the importance of grain traits, we screened the response of 55 wheat genotypes under terminal heat stress conditions to ten grain characteristics. We found that the means of all the grain traits were reduced in heat stress conditions. The effect of heat stress shows a significantly reduced grain width and perimeter, but the extent of damage is less on different grain starch characteristics e.g., grain starch area (GSA), grain starch length (GSL) and grain starch volume (GSV). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that grain starch area and grain volume are the best predictors of yield under optimum sowing date conditions whereas, grain width is the best predictor under late sowing date conditions. Interrelationship studies among ten grain characters showed that the genotypes with higher levels of grain starch characteristics (GSA, GSL and GSV) in combination with the five grain size characters (grain length, grain width, grain perimeter, grain area, A/B-type starch granules) under late sowing date conditions should be promoted for the cultivation of wheat in heat stress prone areas. The present study identified and recommends some heat tolerant wheat genotypes in terms of higher yield and grain starch characteristics namely, CRPW-33, CRPW-17, CRPW-12, CRPW-126 and CRPW-21. © 2021, Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt.
Plant Exudates and Microbial Interaction—A Change in Dynamics
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Saroj Belbase; Jiwan Paudel; Shrvan Kumar
Plant rhizosphere encompasses a dynamic zone of interactions between microorganisms and their respective plant hosts. This phytobiome has a significant role in the growth, development and fitness of the plants that ultimately contributes in increasing the productivity since the root zone is enriched by the compounds that are being secreted by both microorganism and plants. This chapter deals with the mechanisms that drive the root exudation process and its effect on the rhizospheric microbes and overall plant health. Root system architecture is influenced by the influx and efflux of metabolites at the tip of the root and the root exudates in turn are greatly influenced by microbes as they establish a strong sink for plant carbon that increases the gradient concentration of metabolites. These root exudates that are passively lost from roots of plants (including primary metabolites—sugar, amino acids and organic acids) by diffusion, are being utilized by the rhizosphere- abiding microbes and by the plants themselves for sensing the nutrient availability and signaling to transport the nutrient through the use of nutrient transporters. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Signaling cascade during host plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria interaction in alleviating biotic stress
(Elsevier, 2024) Ranjan Kumar Chaubey; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Ichini Sudhir; Stuti Krishna
Plants face multifaceted interactions that involve different types of environmental factors. These environmental effects cause several biotic and abiotic stresses that induce disturbance in plant metabolism and their physiologies. Plants have developed specific mechanisms to adapt and survive in stressful environment. Intensive farming and sustainable agriculture demand higher crop productivity equipped with stress resistance. This involves use of soil microorganisms that enhance nutrient uptake and provide resistance against many pathogens. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and biocontrol agents are the main microbes found in this microbial community. So far, the beneficial effects achieved are related to microbial siderophores, antibiotics, biosynthesis of surfactants and phytohormones, nutrient and spatial competition, mycoparasitism, induced systemic resistance, phage therapy, quorum quenching, and construction of transgenic lines. Phytohormones are organic substances synthesized inside the plants which regulates plant growth and yield and plays its part in inducing tolerance to plants against various environmental stresses both biotic and abiotic. The signaling cascades of hormones generally overlap at times which have an immense impact on plant development and response of plant to stresses. The hormone signal cascade mostly includes an activated secondary messenger or through a series of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reaction. On response to stimuli (stress), the activated messenger helps in regulating gene expression which in turn affects the levels of hormones and its site of action, which in turn affects the plant growth. PGPR in association with roots of higher plants increase or decrease the phytohormones level, showing a new type of hormonal interaction. Based on the stage of plant growth and type of cell, the levels of various hormones vary, which indirectly determines the response of plants to different biotic and abiotic stresses present at specific plant growth stage. This review compiles the hormonal crosstalk in plants involved in plant development. The interaction between phytohormones under abiotic and biotic stresses will be elucidated. miRNA-based regulation along with stress responsive cis elements during hormonal responses will be elaborately reviewed. Finally, the impact of PGPR will be elucidated under various biotic stresses from the point of view of phytohormone synthesis and its physiological interaction. PGPR provides cross-protective properties through improvement in defense mechanism controlling pathogen resistance through induced systemic resistance and alleviating abiotic stress through influencing the phytohormones metabolism. PGPR multiplying under stress condition induces tolerance in plant by altering the hormone synthesis and their response pattern. Gene expression and phytohormone production is regulated by bacteria crosstalk via quorum sensing. Further studies are required to understand the interaction of rhizosphere microbes and plant system with respect to effect on phytohormone. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The Impact of Biofortified Vermicompost on Enhancing Nutritional Quality, Micronutrient Content, and Antioxidants in Carrot (Daucus Carota Cv Surbhi)
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Jharjhari Chakma; Jeetu Narware; Satyendra Pratap Singh; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Amitava Rakshit
Purpose: Beneficial soil microbes are pivotal players in the intricate dance of nutrient cycling. Their abundance in the soil and its nutrient reservoir hinges on the soil’s structure and functions, influencing nutrient mobilization and uptake. This study explores the effects of biofortified vermicompost on improving the nutritional quality, micronutrient content, and antioxidants in carrots. By analyzing the influence of this formulation on the growth and development of carrots, we aim to shed light on its potential benefits for enhancing the overall health benefits of this popular vegetable. Methods: Carrots were cultivated in pots under nine different treatments, with vermicompost biofortified using various combinations of three beneficial microbes: Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluroscence, along with a control. Results: The results of the study revealed that the combination of T. harzianum and B. subtilis produced the most significant results (p < 0.05) across all parameters tested, including micronutrient content in carrot root (Fe, 77.65 ± 0.65 mg kg− 1) Cu (12.67 ± 0.12 mg kg− 1) and in soil Mn (18.13 ± 0.07 mg kg− 1), Zn (28.43 ± 0.08 mg kg− 1), antioxidant activity, and biochemical analysis. Following closely behind was the combination of B. subtilis and P. fluroscence where the treatment has shown best in micronutrient content of carrot root (Zn, 51.84 ± 2.48 mg kg− 1) and soil (Fe, 20.12 ± 0.03 mg kg− 1and Cu, 8.71 ± 0.40 mg kg− 1). Conclusions: Positive outcomes in all the parameters have been observed when beneficial microorganisms were recruited along with vermicompost in combination with different microorganisms and using the microorganisms individually, suggesting a strong correlation between plant-microbe interactions and improving the overall quality of carrots. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2025.
The Role of IoT-Based Models in Environmental Research and Sustainability
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Isha Pokhrel; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Sweety Chakraborty; Vaibhav Kumar Dubey; Sanchari Burman; Rimjhim Singh; S. Sunil
The twenty-first century has seen substantial environmental repercussions due to many factors, such as rapid industrialization, urbanization, and increased consumption of fossil fuels. These have resulted in environmental issues such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, air and water pollution, and habitat degradation. Such challenges created an alarming situation in adopting an appropriate monitoring system for a sustainable environment. The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) and modern sensors represent new avenues for environmental study and sustainability. This chapter deals with the IoT-based ecological research and sustainability model, which offers a holistic approach to monitoring and managing different parameters like air quality, water quality, ecosystem monitoring, precision agriculture, wildlife conservation, disaster management, climate change, etc. The chapter will also highlight the systemic way to utilize IoT-based technologies without affecting environmental sustainability. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.