Browsing by Author "Deepa Durga Roy"

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A Case of Failure of Implementation of MOHFW Guidelines for Medicolegal Examination of Sexual Violence Complicated by Contradictory Autopsy Findings
(Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 2023) Deepa Durga Roy; K. Ongmu
A 13 year old female was brought to BHU, Trauma Centre in an unconscious, intubated state with a ligature mark around the neck, a crudely sutured wound on right wrist and an alleged history of sexual assault. We witnessed multitude of hurdles pertaining to this case which led to delay in evidence collection, dispatch, and analysis. This occurred at various steps beginning from preliminary reporting and treatment, up to the demise and even thereafter. The case was further convoluted with a completely contrasting autopsy report. It clearly indicates that major improvements need to be made at almost all steps and that we must bring to light the ground reality in dealing with such cases. There is a dire need for addressal of the deviations from beau ideal due to numerous shortcomings. The motive of presenting this case can be perceived through this quote: "If it were not for injustice, man would not know justice." Here, we aim to reduce barriers associated with preliminary reporting, evidence collection and autopsy documentation so as to support timely investigation and prosecution. © 2023, Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine. All rights reserved.
Foetal autopsy: Case series based review
(Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2022) Deepa Durga Roy; Manish Nigam
The discrepancies in the prenatal diagnostic techniques for anomalies and foetal outcome has necessitated foetal autopsy. There are certain pathological conditions which may go undetected in prenatal ultrasound or which may require further exploration which is feasible only with a meticulous autopsy. It helps review antenatal clinical care and provides a learning opportunity from unfortunate events which can furnish valuable feedback for the grieving parents. © 2022
Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Magnum and Occipital Condyles for Sexual Dimorphism: Exploring Reliability Through Computed Tomography Investigation
(Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 2024) Deepa Durga Roy; A. Verma; K. Bhutia
Anatomical differences between males and females, has been of significant interest in various scientific fields. This study aims to investigate sexual dimorphism in North Indian population by analyzing the dimensions of the foramen magnum, a critical opening at the base of the skull and occipital condyles utilizing computed tomography (CT) imaging. Furthermore, variations in the shape of the foramen magnum are noted and classified into seven distinct types. CT scans of 299 individuals aged between 18 and 87 years underwent precise measurements of the foramen magnum dimensions. Eleven parameters were scrutinized, including foramen magnum length, width, the length and width of the right and left occipital condyles, minimum and maximum intercondylar distance, foramen magnum index, and foramen magnum area calculated using both the Teixeira and Radinsky formulas. Intraobserver and interobserver tests were conducted to assess measurement reliability. Statistical analyses were applied to investigate potential variations in these measurements based on sex. With the exception of the minimum intercondylar distance, all measurements were significantly greater in males. The most common shape of the foramen magnum was oval, while the least common was the pentagonal shape. However, it was found that the shape of the foramen magnum was not a reliable parameter for determining sex. Sexing accuracy, calculated through binary logistic regression and ROC curve analysis, indicated an accuracy of 68.2% for foramen magnum length (FML), 65.8% for foramen magnum width (FMW), and 75.2% and 74.9% accuracy for foramen magnum area when calculated using the Teixeira and Radinsky formulas, respectively, signifying their reliability in distinguishing gender. A multivariate analysis incorporating all eleven parameters demonstrated an overall accuracy of 73.6%. The foramen magnum and occipital condyles do not serve as strong determinants for sexual dimorphism. Nonetheless, this study suggests potential applications in forensic anthropology, paleontology, and medical fields where determining sex from fragmented skeletal remains is essential. © 2024, Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine. All rights reserved.
Radiological Study on Sexual Dimorphism from Cranio - Facial Indices in Eastern Uttar Pradesh Population
(Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2024) Khushveer Rathore; Deepa Durga Roy; Ashish Verma; Kenchok Ongmu Bhutia; Shikha Verma
Introduction: Morphometric factors are key in determining age, sex, and stature in forensic investigations, particularly for skeletal remains. Radiography aids in sex determination using sexually dimorphic traits, though accuracy improves with larger datasets across diverse population groups. Aims and Objectives: To determine various measurements and indices, namely Kollmann upper facial Index, Nasal Index, and Orbital Index, and assess sexual dimorphism in the available data. This information could be incorporated for future meta-analyses of the Indian population, and databases can be created from different regions to obtain averages. Material and Methods: In this study, 477 samples were included from Varanasi region, with ages ranging from 16 to 82years after applying exclusion criteria. The volume-rendered images of the face obtained from a CT scan machine were examined using Radiant DICOM software to obtain relevant data. Six measurements were taken into consideration: orbital height, orbital breadth, nasal height, nasal breadth, Kollman's upper facial height, and bizygomatic breadth. From this data, three indices were derived. Result: The overall accuracy in predicting sexual dimorphism is 89.2%. Among the indices, the Kollmann upper facial indexhas the highest accuracy at 69.2%, followed by the Nasal index at 60.8%, and the mean Orbital index at 57.0%. Among the measurements, the highest accuracy is for Bizy gomatic breadth at 79.5%. The most common type of nose in this study is Hyper chamaerhinae, the most common type of face is Lepten, and the most common type of orbit is Hypsiconch. Conclusion: This data will be useful for future purposes in creating reference values for the stated parameters. Further extensive research with a larger sample size and longer duration would yield more reliable data. © 2024, Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. All rights reserved.
Unveiling Maxillary Sinus Sexual Dimorphism: A Computed Tomography Analysis of North Indian Population Across Age Groups
(Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2024) Deepa Durga Roy; Ashish Verma; Kenchok Bhutia; Khushveer Rathore; Shikha Verma
Introduction: The examination of male and female anatomical distinctions has been a subject of considerable interest in diverse scientific domains. This research seeks to explore sexual dimorphism within the North Indian population by evaluating the maxillary sinus dimensions assessed through computed tomography (CT) imaging. Materials and Method: CT scans of 300 individuals aged between 05-85 years underwent precise measurements of bilateral maxillary sinus which included length, width, height, area,perimeter and volume. Intra observer and interobserver tests were conducted to assess measurement reliability. Statistical analyses were applied to investing atepotential variations in these measurements based on sex. Results: The study revealed significantly higher maxillary sinus measurement values in males. Cross-validationd emonstrated 65% correct classification in males and 71.4% in females, with varying accuracy across age groups and different parameters. Conclusion: This research emphasizes on the utility of maxillary sinus in sex determination and finds maxillary sinus volume to be the best parameter. © 2024, Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. All rights reserved.