Browsing by Author "Deepak Bhiwa Rawool"

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Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli in Wastewater and Natural Water Sources from the Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh, India
(Institute for Ionics, 2024) Kaushik Satyaprakash; Pavan Kumar Pesingi; Annada Das; M.R. Vineeth; Satya Veer Singh Malik; Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe; Deepak Bhiwa Rawool
The present study assessed the presence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in livestock farm wastewater (LFWW), hospital wastewater (HWW), and natural water sources (NWS) from five districts (Prayagraj, Mirzapur, Varanasi, Sonbhadra, and Jaunpur) of eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh, India (n = 134). Phenotypic ESBL production among cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates (91.29%, 283/310) was significantly different (p < 0.05) in the samples from Jaunpur and Sonbhadra, but not from Prayagraj, Mirzapur and Varanasi (p > 0.05). The MIC of cefotaxime and ceftazidime against these isolates were in the ranges of 64–512 µg/mL and 16–512 µg/mL, respectively. Genotypically, 38.51% (109/283) of the isolates harbored at least one or more plasmid-mediated ESBL-genes, of which, bla CTX-M-gr-1 was the predominant (90.82%, 99/109), followed by bla TEM (73.39%, 80/109). A non-significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the occurrence of ESBL genes among the phenotypically positive isolates of different sampling places. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) traits were observed in 105 (96.33%) of 109 tested isolates with a MAR index ranging from 0.31 to 1.0. Absolute resistance (100%) was evident against azithromycin for all isolates recovered from Varanasi, Prayagraj, and Sonbhadra irrespective of their sources. The majority of the isolates belonged to commensal phylogroup A (40.37%, 44/109) and B1 (27.44%, 31/109), while only two isolates recovered from HWW sources of Varanasi belonged to the extra-intestinal pathogenic phylogroup B2. These findings suggested that the wastewater and natural water sources of eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh, India, harbored a high magnitude of MDR-ESBL E. coli with the potential to be transmitted to humans and animals. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.