Browsing by Author "Deepmala Katiyar"

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Antimicrobial activity of Tinospora cordifolia extracts against urinary tract infections causing bacteria
(International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2015) Priyanka Singh; Deepmala Katiyar; Bharti Singh; Aparna Srivastava
The frequent, increasing drug resistance among urinary tract infections (UTIs) causing bacteria has made therapy difficult and also lead to greater use of expensive broadspectrum drugs. The aim of the study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of Tinospora cordifolia stem extracts, a broad-spectrum therapeutic plant investigated against bacteria causing UTIs, most common diseases infecting from the neonate to the geriatric age groups. The two isolated uropathogens:1.Gram-negative, Escherichia coli; and 2.Grampositive, Staphylococcus aureus were tested against two standard antibiotics, used as a positive reference to determine the sensitivity of the test strains. The extracts of T. cordifolia were prepared from alcoholic extracts, and water reflux for aqueous extract. The antibacterial activities of extracts were evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The study showed that all three solvent extracts of T. cordifolia reveal different antibacterial activity against both uropathogenic isolates. The antibacterial effect of T. cordifolia, which were observed for zone of inhibition (ZOI) could be arranged in decreasing order as follows: ethanolic (maximum) >methanolic (moderate) >aqueous (poor). The evaluated results reveals that plant extracts have significant potential of antibacterial properties and seems promising for the development of the safe herb derived medicinal preparation for treating UTIs.
Application of chitosan on plant responses with special reference to abiotic stress
(Springer, 2019) Akash Hidangmayum; Padmanabh Dwivedi; Deepmala Katiyar; Akhouri Hemantaranjan
Chitosan is a natural biopolymer modified from chitins which act as a potential biostimulant and elicitor in agriculture. It is non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible which favors potentially broad application. It enhances the physiological response and mitigates the adverse effect of abiotic stresses through stress transduction pathway via secondary messenger(s). Chitosan treatment stimulates photosynthetic rate, stomatal closure through ABA synthesis; enhances antioxidant enzymes via nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide signaling pathways, and induces production of organic acids, sugars, amino acids and other metabolites which are required for the osmotic adjustment, stress signaling, and energy metabolism under stresses. It is also known to form complexes with heavy metals and used as tool for phytoremediation and bioremediation of soil. Besides, this is used as antitranspirant compound through foliar application in many plants thus reducing water use and ensures protection from other negative effects. Based on such beneficial properties, chitosan is utilized in sustainable agricultural practices owing to changing climates. Our review gathers the recent information on chitosan centered upon the abiotic stress responses which could be useful in future crop improvement programs. © 2019, Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society.
Chitosan as a promising natural compound to enhance potential physiological responses in plant: a review
(Springer Verlag, 2015) Deepmala Katiyar; A. Hemantaranjan; Bharti Singh
Biopolymer “Chitosan” has received much interest for potential wide application in agriculture due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and bioactivity. This naturally occurring molecule with interesting physiological potential has been getting more attention in recent years. Chitosan enhanced the efficacy of plants to reduce the deleterious effect of unfavorable conditions as well as on plant growth. Chitosan affects various physiological responses like plant immunity, defense mechanisms involving various enzymes such as, phenylalanine ammonium lyase, polyphenol oxidase, tyrosine ammonia lyase and antioxidant enzymes viz., activities superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxide against adverse conditions. Recent studies have shown that chitosan induces mechanisms in plants against various biotic (fungi, bacteria, and insects) and abiotic (salinity, drought, heavy metal and cold) stresses and helps in formation of barriers that enhances plant's productivity. This paper takes a closer look at the physiological responses of chitosan molecule. © 2015, Indian Society for Plant Physiology.
Efficacy of chitooligosaccharides for the management of diabetes in alloxan induced mice: A correlative study with antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative activity
(2011) Deepmala Katiyar; Bharati Singh; Alok Milton Lall; Chandana Haldar
The present study evaluates the effects of chitooligosaccharides (COS) for the management of alloxan induced diabetes in mice. For the management of the carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes by the COS, the amount of glucose in blood along with quantification of glycogen in liver were measured and noted a significant recovery in respect to diabetic control group. As hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress are the disorders of diabetes so, we have also assessed the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc). For the recovery of oxidative stress the SOD MDA catalase in liver and GOT and GPT activities in serum were measured. The COS results a significant recovery in the levels of above mentioned biosensors of lipid profile when treated to experimentally induce diabetic mice. The effect of COS at the dose of 10 mg/kg body weight was found to be a potent agent for diabetes and complication associated with this disease. The COS has no toxic effect in general which has been focused here by the monitoring of COS dose in normal healthy mice. The results of this study enlighted that the COS has antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative activities. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Influence of UV treatment on α-galactosidase produced by Lactobacillus plantarum
(2013) Bharati Singh; Deepmala Katiyar; Rajveer Singh Chauhan; Rajesh K. Kharwar; Alok Milton Lall
Lactose hydrolyzing enzyme, α-galactosidases have been used in the dairy industry for the improvement of lactose intolerance. The aim of this study was to detect α-galactosidase enzyme produced by isolated Lactobacillus Plantarum from milk and cheese and effect of UV treatment on b-galactosidase. Isolated lactobacilli were cultured on MRS agar. Lactobacilli were identified by Gram stain and standard bacteriological and biochemical methods. Their ability to hydrolyze 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal)and O-nitrophenyl-D galactopyranoside (ONPG) was determined. A protein band of indicated α-galactosidase enzyme was also detected by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. The colonies that produced greenish blue color on X-Gal plates were lactobacilli with α-galactosidase enzyme which had ONPG positive results. The highest enzymatic value was observed in 15 minutes UV radiation and also to characterize its probable bactericins of Lactobacillus plantarum. By adding Lactobacilli producing α-galactosidase enzyme as probiotic to dairy products, could help lactose intolerant people.
Morpho-physiological attributes of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes as influenced by brassinolide under salinity stress
(International Society of Plant Morphologists, 2015) Sadhana Mishra; A. Hemantaranjan; Dinesh Kumar Yadav; Deepmala Katiyar
Seeds of Mungbean genotypes (HUM-23 and HUM-16) were pre-soaked at two different concentrations of brassinolide (BL), i.e., 0.01mM and 0.005mM, and seedlings were raised under controlled conditions in a plant growth chamber on the soil substratum stressed with salinity by adding NaCl at 100mM. Stressed plants caused a sharp reduction in growth plant-1 (viz., length of root, height of shoot, number of leaves, total leaf area and total dry weight). In general, Brassinolide at 0.005mM and at 0.01mM showed significant effects on germination percentage, number of leaves plant-1 and total dry weight plant-1 besides significant effects on length of root, height of shoot and total leaf area plant-1, respectively. By and large, BL applied genotypes improved growth activity along with mitigation of the damages of the said characteristics under salinity stress. Overall critical evaluation showed greater improvements in HUM-16 at the threshold level of 0.005mM BL under salinity stress, though HUM-23 was superior in germination percentage, length of root and height of shoot. Hence, economically viable concentrations of BL may be of importance in salinity stress alleviation.
Nitrogen fertilizer-induced spatial variation in the size of methane oxidizing bacterial population in rainfed rice cultivars
(2012) Bharati Singh; Deepmala Katiyar; Durg Vijay Singh; Amit Jayaswal
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of N fertilization on methane oxidizing bacteria that lead to changes in the microbial communities in rice agroecosystems. Variation in MOB population size due to rice varieties of three different soil type bare, bulk and rhizosphere was investigated in rainfed rice NDR-97 (Narendra-97), Pant Dhan-12 and Vanaprabha. The growth variables (shoot biomass and root biomass) were higher in fertilized plots than unfertilized plots. The ammonium-N, nitrate-N was higher in fertilized plot than unfertilized plots. There were significant differences in MOB population size during the study (p<0.05). The highest MOB bacterial population was found in rhizospheric soils. So that, MOB bacterial population range between 19.2xlO6 to 70.54xl06 cells g1 dry across soil type of varieties and treatment. N-fertilization reduces population size of MOB. Thus the result suggests that MOB population size were varied by different soil type and soil fertilization. This study showed significant impact of N-fertilization on MOB population. © 2012 Knowledgia Review, Malaysia.
Seasonal variation investigations on diversity of some freshwater diatoms of Kumaon region, Uttarakhand State in India
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2015) Rajveer Singh Chauhan; Bharti Singh; Deepmala Katiyar; P.K. Misra
The aims of present studies is to document species of diatoms in water bodies of Kumaon Himalayas and the effect of seasonal variations on population and community dynamics of these microscopic photosynthesizers in aquatic ecosystems. Our studies have documented a total of 98 taxa belonging to class Bacillariophyceae Coscinodiscophyceae and Fragilariophyceae. The taxa have been described along with morphotaxonomic status, locality, and collection number and with date of collection. The maximum taxa have been reported from class Bacillariophyceae (19 genera and 69 species) followed by class Fragilariophyceae (4 genera and 10 species) and Coscinodiscophyceae (3 genera and 4 species). During this study it has been observed that some genera of diatoms dominate in winter season while others in summers. Diatoma De Candolle, Sellaphora Mereschkowsky, Rhopalodia Muller, Staurosira Ehrenberg, Gomphonema C.A. Agardh, Cymbella C.A. Agardh, Reimeria Kociolek and Stoermer, Brachysira Kuetzing, Navicula Bory; emend. Cleve, Surirella Turpin, and Fragilaria Lyngbye; Rabenhorst have frequently been found during summers while Cyclotella Kuetzing, Aulacoseira Thwaites, Cocconeis Ehrenberg; Grunow, Epithemia Brebisson, Synedra Ehrenberg, Achnanthes Bory, Gyrosigma Hassall emend. Cleve and Amphora Ehrenberg dominate in winters. The study will help us to understand the diversity of diatoms in the Kumaon region: It will help us to document the magnitude of biodiversity, understand the population and community dynamics and seasonal variation of phytoplankton. The study may also help us to understand the effect of changing environment on aquatic ecosystems.
Spatial distribution and influence of n-fertilizer on mob population in three different irrigated rice agroecosystem
(EM International, 2014) Bharti Singh; Deepmala Katiyar; Rajveer Singh Chauhan
Variation in methane oxidizing bacterial population size due to rice varieties was investigated during July-November 2009 in irrigated rice varieties NDR-80, Pant Dhan-10 and Sarjoo-52. Bare, bulk and Rhizospheric were sampled for the analysis of NO3-N, NH4-N and MOB population for each variety. The observations were made during 20 to 120 days after transplantation (DAT). The fertilizer selected for the experiment was urea and was applied in three split doses (40:30:30 Kg Nha-1) to all rice varieties. The experimental design was consist of: (a) Bare 6 plots (3 plots unvegetated, 3 unfertilized plots), (b) Bare fertilized (3 replicate plots for each unvegetated) (c) vegetated plots for each variety (9 plots, 3 replicates for each variety unfertilized) and (d) vegetated fertilized (9 plots, 3 replicate plots for each variety). Results showed that there was significant difference in growth variables for all rice varieties due to growth period and fertilization. The ammonium -N and nitrate-N was higher in fertilized plots than unfertilized plots. Among varieties Pant Dhan-10 had maximum ammonium -N, nitrate-N followed by NDR-80 and Sarjoo-52. The MOB population higher in unfertilized and fertilized plots from 80-120 DAT across soil type (Bare, Bulk and Rhizosphere) of all varieties. The MOB population range from 3.1 to 60.1 × 106 cells g-1 dry soil) across varieties, treatment and days. The growth variable (Root Biomass and Shoot Biomass) were higher in fertilized plots than unfertilized plots. Among varieties shoot biomass was highest in NDR-80. The highest root biomass was recorded at 100 DAT. Root biomass was highest in Pant Dhan-10 lowest observed for Sarjoo-52. The ammonium- N, nitrate-N was highest in bulk soil of Pant Dhan-10 (11.2 ± 0.28 μg gr-1 dry soil) on 20 DAT. There were significant differences in MOB population size during the study (p<0.05). In case of Sarjoo-52 rhizosphere soil, the highest MOB population (60.1× 106 cells g'1 dry soil) on 120 DAT and lowest on 20 DAT in rhizospheric soil of three varieties (NDR-80 rhizosphere 12.0 ∗ 106 cells g-1 dry soil; Pant Dhan-10 rhizosphere 13.1 × 106 cells g-1 dry soil; Sarjoo-52 rhizosphere 17.3 × 106 cells g-1 dry soil). In the bulk soil of two varieties exhibited highest MOB population on 100 DAT. Whereas in case of vegetated fertilized soil type Sarjoo-52 rhizosphere has the highest MOB population than bulk soil. The MOB bacterial population size in control (unfertilized) plots as well as the fertilized plots was highest at 80-120 days and lowest on 20 days. Among control and fertilized plots the MOB populations were highest in control and lowest in fertilized plots.
Urinary tract infection and its risk factors in women: An appraisal
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2014) Bharti Singh; Ragini Tilak; Ratan Kumar Srivastava; Deepmala Katiyar; R.S. Chauhan
A urinary tract infection (UTIs) is the one of the most common bacterial infection in women than in men, at a ratio of 8:1 and a major cause of morbidity. Approximately 50-60% of women report at least one UTI in their lifetime. UTI is caused by pathogenic invasion of the urinary tract which leads to an inflammatory response of the urothelium. The clinical manifestation of UTI depend upon the portion of the urinary tract involved, the etiologic organism, the severity of the infection and patients ability to mount an immune responds to it. Signs and symptoms include fever, dysuria, and urinary urgency, cloudy or malodorous urine. UTI is higher in women due to several clinical factors including anatomic differences, hormonal effects and behavioral pattern. Malnutrition, poor hygiene, low socioeconomic status is associated with UTI and these factors are rife in rural settings. UTI is mostly caused by gram negative aerobic bacilli found in GI tract. Included in this family are the Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsilla, Enterobactor, Citrobacter, Proteus and serratia species. Other common pathogens include Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterococcus Species. E. coli is the most predominant organism. The aim of this review is to summarize the distribution, clinical sign and symptoms, laboratory profile and risk factor of urinary tract infection.