Browsing by Author "Deepti Malviya"

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A Comparative Analysis of Microbe-Based Technologies Developed at ICAR-NBAIM Against Erysiphe necator Causing Powdery Mildew Disease in Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Deepti Malviya; Ratna Thosar; Namrata Kokare; Shital Pawar; Udai B. Singh; Sujoy Saha; Jai P. Rai; Harsh V. Singh; R.G. Somkuwar; Anil K. Saxena
Globally, Erysiphe necator causing powdery mildew disease in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) is the second most important endemic disease, causing huge economic losses every year. At present, the management of powdery mildew in grapes is largely dependent upon the use of chemical fungicides. Grapes are being considered as one of the high pesticide-demanding crops. Looking at the residual impact of toxic chemical pesticides on the environment, animal, and human health, microbe-based strategies for control of powdery mildew is an emerging technique. It offers an environment-friendly, residue-free, and effective yet safer approach to control powdery mildew disease in grapes. The mode of action is relatively diverse as well as specific to different pathosystems. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbe-based technologies, i.e., Eco-pesticide®, Bio-Pulse®, and Bio-Care 24® developed at the Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-NBAIM, Kushmaur, against grape powdery mildew and to integrate these technologies with a safer fungicide (sulfur) to achieve better disease control under organic systems of viticulture. The experiments were conducted at four different locations, namely, the vineyards of ICAR-NRCG, Rajya Draksha Bagayatdar Sangh (MRDBS), and two farmers' fields at Narayangaon and Junnar in the Pune district of Maharashtra. A significantly lower percent disease index (PDI) was recorded on the leaves of grape plants treated with Eco-Pesticide®/sulfur (22.37) followed by Bio-Pulse®/sulfur (22.62) and Bio-Care 24®/sulfur (24.62) at NRCG. A similar trend was observed with the lowest PDI on bunches of Eco-pesticide®/sulfur-treated plants (24.71) followed by Bio-Pulse®/sulfur (24.94) and Bio-Care®/sulfur (26.77). The application of microbial inoculants singly or in combination with sulfur has a significant positive impact on the qualitative parameters such as pH, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, berry diameter, and berry length of the grapes at different locations. Among all the treatments, the Bio-Pulse®/sulfur treatment showed the highest yield per vine (15.02 kg), which was on par with the treatment Eco-Pesticide®/sulfur (14.94). When compared with the yield obtained from the untreated control, 2.5 to 3 times more yield was recorded in the plants treated with either of the biopesticides used in combination with sulfur. Even in the case of individual inoculation, the yield per vine was approximately two times higher than the untreated control and water-treated plants across the test locations. Results suggested that microbial technologies not only protect grapevines from powdery mildew but also enhance the quality parameters with increased yield across the test locations. Copyright © 2022 Malviya, Thosar, Kokare, Pawar, Singh, Saha, Rai, Singh, Somkuwar and Saxena.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as Potential Biocontrol Agents
(Springer, 2022) Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Talat Ilyas; Deepti Malviya; Zaryab Shafi; Mohammad Shahid; Bavita Yadav; Udai B. Singh; Jai P. Rai; H.B. Singh; Harsh V. Singh
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) belong to the phylum Glomeromycota and form a symbiotic relationship with more than 80% of land plants. They are beneficial for plants in many ways and extensively researched for their potential as biocontrol agents (BCA). First, we outline the origin of the concept, taxonomy and ecological distribution of AMF. Afterwards, current concepts of AMF as BCA against different types of plant pathogens and pests, e.g. nematode, fungi, bacteria, virus and insect along with their mode of action and mechanisms and factors regulating the effects and biochemical and molecular mechanism that regulates plant response to a pathogen, are presented. We further discuss key findings about AMF as BCA. Finally, the best approaches to incorporate this knowledge into sustainable agriculture, as well as the possible benefits of AM, are compiled. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated activation of plant defense responses in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Deepti Malviya; Prakash Singh; Udai B. Singh; Surinder Paul; Pradeep Kumar Bisen; Jai P. Rai; Ram Lakhan Verma; R. Abdul Fiyaz; A. Kumar; Poonam Kumari; Sailabala Dei; Mohd. Reyaz Ahmed; D.J. Bagyaraj; Harsh V. Singh
Rhizosphere is the battlefield of beneficial and harmful (so called phytopathogens) microorganisms. Moreover, these microbial communities are struggling for their existence in the soil and playing key roles in plant growth, mineralization, nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. In the last few decades, some consistent pattern have been detected so far that link soil community composition and functions with plant growth and development; however, it has not been studied in detail. AM fungi are model organisms, besides potential role in nutrient cycling; they modulate biochemical pathways directly or indirectly which lead to better plant growth under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In the present investigations, we have elucidated the AM fungi-mediated activation of plant defense responses against Meloidogyne graminicola causing root-knot disease in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The study describes the multifarious effects of Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus fasciculatus, and Rhizophagus intraradices inoculated individually or in combination under glasshouse conditions in rice plants. It was found that F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus and R. intraradices when applied individually or in combination modulated the biochemical and molecular mechanisms in the susceptible and resistant inbred lines of rice. AM inoculation significantly increased various plant growth attributes in plants with simultaneous decrease in the root-knot intensity. Among these, the combined application of F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus, and R. intraradices was found to enhance the accumulation and activities of biomolecules and enzymes related to defense priming as well as antioxidation in the susceptible and resistant inbred lines of rice pre-challenged with M. graminicola. The application of F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus and R. intraradices, induced the key genes involved in plant defense and signaling and it has been demonstrated for the first time. Results of the present investigation advocated that the application of F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus and R. intraradices, particularly a combination of all three, not only helped in the control of root-knot nematodes but also increased plant growth as well as enhances the gene expression in rice. Thus, it proved to be an excellent biocontrol as well as plant growth-promoting agent in rice even when the crop is under biotic stress of the root-knot nematode, M. graminicola. Copyright © 2023 Malviya, Singh, Singh, Paul, Kumar Bisen, Rai, Verma, Fiyaz, Kumar, Kumari, Dei, Ahmed, Bagyaraj and Singh.
Bacillus spp.: Nature’s Gift to Agriculture and Humankind
(Springer, 2024) Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Talat Ilyas; Mohammad Shahid; Deepti Malviya; Sumit Kumar; Sachidanand Singh; Parul Johri; Udai B. Singh; Harsh V. Singh
The productivity of crops is heavily depending on microbial communities present in rhizospheric soil; within the last few decades, PGPR has emerged as significant and promising tools for the sustainable agriculture practices. PGPR related to Bacillus spp. as symbiotic with plant roots or free-living in rhizosphere contribute significantly to the viability, development, and yield of plants under biotic and abiotic challenges. The Bacillus species are rod-shaped, Gram-positive, endosporic, aerobic, or facultative anaerobic and ubiquitous in nature. Many Bacillus species, e.g., B. megaterium, B. circulans, B. coagulans, B. subtilis, B. azotofixans, B. macerans, B. velezensis, etc. are extensively researched for their PGPR actions. Enhancement of nutrient uptake (N, P, K, and other vital minerals) and regulation of plant hormones are direct actions of PGPR, while promoting plant growth by inhibiting plant pathogen and induction of ISR are indirect actions of PGPR. The genus Bacillus holds largest share in microbe-based agricultural and commercial products. Due to the greater efficacy of production of metabolites and spore-forming nature of Bacillus spp., which increases the life span of cells in commercially manufactured products, Bacillus-based biofertilizers are more active than Pseudomonas-based formulations. The Bacillus species are frequently regarded as an ideal candidate for bioformulations because of their rapid growth, ease of handling, and better colonizing abilities. The Bacillus-based bioformulations for broad-spectrum application against several biotic and abiotic issues are also addressed. In this chapter we will discuss about the mechanism of Bacillus-mediated crop protection and their wide application. PGPR traits of Bacillus are discussed in terms of nutrient uptake, siderophore production, stimulation and production of phytohormone and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), antimicrobial compounds, CRY proteins, and abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Induction of induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Bacillus inoculated plants and its molecular mechanism is also discussed in this chapter. Bacillus-mediated abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in different host, possible mechanisms, and their effects are also discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Bio-protective microbial agents from rhizosphere eco-systems trigger plant defense responses provide protection against sheath blight disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Elsevier GmbH, 2016) Udai B. Singh; Deepti Malviya; Wasiullah; Shailendra Singh; Jatindra K. Pradhan; Bhanu P. Singh; Manish Roy; Mohd Imram; Neelam Pathak; B.M. Baisyal; Jai P. Rai; B.K. Sarma; Rajiv K. Singh; P.K. Sharma; Saman Deep Kaur; M.C. Manna; Sushil K. Sharma; Arun K. Sharma
Sheath blight of rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a major disease and attempts are being made to develop microbe based technologies for biocontrol of this pathogen. However, the mechanisms of biocontrol are not fully understood and still require indepth study in the backdrop of emerging concepts in biological systems. The present investigation was aimed at deciphering the mechanisms of biocontrol of sheath blight of rice employing Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum as model agents for biocontrol. Initially 25, 5 and 5 strains of P. fluorescens, T. viride and T. harzianum, respectively, were screened for their biocontrol potential. Out of which, six strains with higher value of percent inhibition of fungal mycelium in dual plate assay were selected. The role of P. fluorescens, T. viride and T. harzianum were investigated in induction and bioaccumulation of natural antioxidants, defence-related biomolecules and other changes in plant which lead not only to growth promotion but also protection from pathogenic stress conditions in rice. The two most promising strains, P. fluorescens PF-08 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 selected on the basis of in planta evaluation, when applied individually or in combination, significantly enhanced the accumulation of defence-related biomolecules, enzymes and exhibited biocontrol potential against R. solani. A modified/newly developed delivery system was applied for the first time in the experiments involving inoculation of plants with both bioagents, viz. P. fluorescens PF-08 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501. Results suggested that application of P. fluorescens PF-08 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 alone or in combination, not only helps in control of the disease but also increases plant growth along with reduction in application of toxic chemical pesticides. © 2016 Elsevier GmbH
Biochar-Mediated Suppression of Soil-Borne Pathogens in Agronomically Important Crops: An Outlook
(Springer Nature, 2023) Talat Ilyas; Deepti Malviya; Zaryab Shafi; Mohammad Shahid; Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Bavita Yadav; Udai B. Singh; Jai P. Rai; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Harsh V. Singh
Biochar is solid produce acquired by the heating of biological or carbon-based material in the complete or fractional presence of oxygen and is used as a soil amendment. The numerous valuable properties of biochar on the physical, biological, and chemical properties of soil as well as on plant condition and improvement are extensively acknowledged. The amendment of biochar has also been frequently debated for its properties of suppression of diseases. Nevertheless, the principal mechanisms for these properties are extremely complex and generally unidentified. It is anticipated that the composition of plant root exudate that alters the biochemical and microbial properties in the soil and the stimulation of defense mechanisms of plants due to the amendments of biochar are some critical reasons influencing pathogenic dominance. Further comprehensive studies are required for understanding the detailed connections of plant-pathogen coordination with various types of biochar that will support accomplishing maximum aid of biochar addition for the protection of plants from numerous soil-borne pathogens. In this chapter, the perspective of biochar for the regulation of pathogenic diseases is discussed, specifically the communications with plant pathogenic fungi under contradictory environmental circumstances. It is concluded that the amendment of biochar with soil could be an encouraging approach for the combined management of pests and pathogens. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Chemical management of seed-borne diseases: Achievements and future challenges
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Udai B. Singh; Rajan Chaurasia; Nazia Manzar; Abhijeet S. Kashyap; Deepti Malviya; Shailendra Singh; Pooja Kannojia; P.K. Sharma; Imran Mohd.; A.K. Sharma
Seed is a basic and most important input for agriculture and high-quality seed is also required in international seed trading. There are many seed-borne diseases and pathogens that have negative impact on seed health and its quality. Seed-borne inoculums are the main source of primary infection leading to disease development. The disease gets established in the field wherever the infected seed is used and causes severe yield losses. Paul Neergaard is considered as father of seed pathology who has contributed a lot in the development of seed pathology. Seed-borne pathogenic microorganisms mainly fungi, viruses and bacteria are greatly affecting seed quality and cause diseases that affect seedling production in the nurseries. Management strategies for the control of various seed-borne diseases are mainly based on chemical seed treatment. Studies have been carried out with a view to find out the best way to use chemicals in seed production. Such studies are very few, and hence, there is a need to conduct further research so that new chemicals could be incorporated into seed-borne disease management programmes. We need to have additional ways to control diseases that are seed-borne, and chemical pesticides are effective against a wide spectrum of diseases. This chapter provides a brief review of seed-borne pathogen problems that affect seeds and discusses established and potential control practices by using chemicals like fungicides, insecticides or defence activators and further gives the future perspectives where focus should be given with respect to seed pathology and management of seed-borne disease. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Compatible salt-tolerant rhizosphere microbe-mediated induction of phenylpropanoid cascade and induced systemic responses against Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker causing spot blotch disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Udai B. Singh; Deepti Malviya; Wasiullah; Shailendra Singh; Mohd. Imran; Neelam Pathak; Manzar Alam; Jai P. Rai; Rajiv K. Singh; B.K. Sarma; P.K. Sharma; Arun K. Sharma
Cell wall is one of the first lines of defence used by plants to restrict invading fungal pathogens. Lignin is a complex polymer of hydroxylated and methoxylated phenylpropane units (monolignols). Cell wall lignification can establish mechanical barriers to pathogen invasion and renders the cell wall more resistant to pathogen attack. Compatible salt-tolerant rhizosphere microbe-mediated induction of phenylpropanoid cascade and induced systemic responses against Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker causing spot blotch disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is demonstrated and the details are being shared through this paper. Twelve rhizospheric microbial strains were tested against Bipolaris sorokiniana under in vitro condition on dual plate. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-16 and Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH-501 showed maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of B. sorokiniana and was used in further in planta assay. These selected antagonists were tested alone and in combination for induction of phenylpropanoid cascade in wheat infected with B. sorokiniana. Results showed that plants co-inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 up-regulated the phenylpropanoid cascade and manifold increase was recorded in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase, chitinase and other enzymes related to induced systemic resistance. Results also showed that significantly higher amounts of phenolic acids viz. gallic acid, ferulic acid were accumulated in the plant leaves co-inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 as compared to individually inoculated and uninoculated control plants. Histopathological studies showed significantly higher cell wall lignification in plant leaves co-inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 than the plants under control. These results illustrate that microbe-mediated up-regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is of critical importance for host defence against spot blotch pathogen invasion in wheat. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Drechslerella dactyloides and Dactylaria brochopaga mediated induction of defense related mediator molecules in tomato plants pre-challenged with Meloidogyne incognita
(Springer, 2019) Udai B. Singh; Shailendra Singh; Wasiullah Khan; Deepti Malviya; Pramod K. Sahu; Rajan Chaurasia; Sushil K. Sharma; A.K. Saxena
The present investigation was aimed to isolate and characterize the strains of Drechslerella dactyloides and Dactylaria brochopaga from decaying root galls of tomato in order to investigate their role in reprogramming of root apoplast that enhance defence responses in tomato pre-challenged with Meloidogyne incognita. Out of 23 strains of D. brochopaga and D. dactyloides were isolated from decaying root galls of tomato, three strains of D. dactyloides and five strains of D. brochopaga were found effective and these were selected for further characterization under controlled laboratory conditions. Further, D. dactyloides NDAd-05 and D. brochopaga NDDb-15 were found most promising strains for control of M. incognita. The study elucidates multifarious effects of D. dactyloides NDAd-05 and D. brochopaga NDDb-15 inoculated either individually or in combination on tomato plants pre-challenged with M. incognita under nethouse conditions. Results of this investigation revealed that inoculation of D. dactyloides NDAd-05 and D. brochopaga NDDb-15 increased various attributes in plants to significant degree conferring defence against M. incognita. Both the strains were found to have potential to enhance site-specific accumulation and activation of defence-related mediator molecules, enzymes and thus, exhibited biocontrol potential against M. incognita. Further, application of D. dactyloides NDAd-05 and D. brochopaga NDDb-15 not only assisted in the growth promotion but also activated phenylpropanoid pathway in root apoplast in addition to direct trapping of M. incognita. © 2019, Indian Phytopathological Society.
Drechslerella dactyloides and Dactylaria brochopaga mediated structural defense in tomato plants pre-challenged with Meloidogyne incognita
(Academic Press Inc., 2020) Udai B. Singh; Shailendra Singh; Deepti Malviya; Rajan Chaurasia; Pramod K. Sahu; Sushil K. Sharma; A.K. Saxena
The present study was undertaken with the objectives to study Drechslerella dactyloides NDAd-05 and Dactylaria brochopaga NDDb-15 mediated induction of structural defense responses leading to lower disease development and promoting growth in tomato pre-challenged with Meloidogyne incognita. The potential strains D. dactyloides NDAd-05 and D. brochopaga NDDb-15 were taken from Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, India. In vitro root colonization assay was performed using D. dactyloides NDAd-05 and D. brochopaga NDDb-15 in sand:soil culture (2:1) and significant tomato root colonization by NDAd-05 and NDDb-15 was recorded. The study elucidated multifarious effects of D. dactyloides NDAd-05 and D. brochopaga NDDb-15 when inoculated either individually or in combination in tomato plants pre-challenged with M. incognita. Additionally, D. dactyloides NDAd-05 and D. brochopaga NDDb-15 increased antioxidant as well as biocontrol activities significantly in tomato against M. incognita. Microscopic visualization of H2O2 and superoxide radicals in tomato leaves further corroborated the above findings. Further, inoculation of D. dactyloides NDAd-05 and D. brochopaga NDDb-15 activated the phenylpropanoid pathway in roots leading to increase cell wall lignifications and pectin deposition in tomato roots in addition to direct trapping and parasitizing of juveniles and adults of M. incognita. From the results it can be concluded that increased cell wall lignifications and pectin deposition probably restricted the entry of nematodes and ultimately decreased the M. incognita population in tomato roots. It was also observed that plants treated with bioagents individually or in combination modulated the phenotypical alterations and assisted plant growth promotion. This might be due to the interaction-dependent modulation of physio-biochemical pathways in the tomato plants which ultimately reduced the inoculum potential and disease intensity of M. incognita. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
Earthworm grazed-trichoderma harzianum biofortified spent mushroom substrates modulate accumulation of natural antioxidants and bio-fortification of mineral nutrients in tomato
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2018) Udai B. Singh; Deepti Malviya; Wasiullah Khan; Shailendra Singh; N. Karthikeyan; Mohd. Imran; Jai P. Rai; B.K. Sarma; M.C. Manna; Rajan Chaurasia; Arun K. Sharma; Diby Paul; Jae-Wook Oh
The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the impact of earthworm grazed and Trichoderma harzianum biofortified spent mushroom substrate (SMS) on natural antioxidant and nutritional properties of tomato. Results of the investigation reveal that earthworm grazing and T. harzianum bio-fortification led to significant improvement in the physico-chemical properties of fresh SMS and its application increased the accumulation of natural antioxidants and mineral content in tomato as compared to either T. harzianum biofortified SMS or fresh SMS. In particular, the earthworm grazed, T. harzianum biofortified SMS (EGTHB-SMS) was found to inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation with significant increase in total polyphenol and flavonoid content in tomato. Further, it increased Fe2+/Fe3+ chelating activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity compared to other treatments. The results thus suggest an augmented elicitation of natural antioxidant properties in tomato treated with EGTHB-SMS, resulting in a higher radical scavenging activity, that is highly desirable for human health. In addition, the use of SMS to enhance the nutritional value of tomato fruits becomes an environment friendly approach in sustainable crop production. © 2018 Singh, Malviya, Khan, Singh, Karthikeyan, Imran, Rai, Sarma, Manna, Chaurasia, Sharma, Paul and Oh.
Engineering the Plant Microbiome for Biotic Stress Tolerance: Biotechnological Advances
(Springer, 2022) Deepti Malviya; Talat Ilyas; Rajan Chaurasia; Udai B. Singh; Mohammad Shahid; Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Zaryab Shafi; Bavita Yadav; Sushil K. Sharma; Harsh V. Singh
The transformation of rhizosphere microbiota is essentially the result of a series of events that can enhance the formation of constant and different microbial associations in the plant microbiome/holobiome based on supportive information/communications. Beneficial microbial communities act as influential identities for the elevation of ecological stresses in plants and ultimately decrease the usage of fertilizer and pesticides in order to increase the crop yield. Microbiome has the capability to stimulate the growth of plants, develop resistance to stress, and enhance the health of plants. To accomplish these objectives, it is essential to learn more about the relationship between plant, microbiome, microbial community present in soil, and their resilience to environmental changes. The information acquired will help in understanding the effect of these microorganisms on the biotic resistance, biogeochemical cycles, and productivity of the crops. A comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying stress-induced microbiome modifications would also allow for the development of personalized DefenseBiomes and chemicals in order to combat with crop stresses. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Exploring the Potentiality of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a Prominent Biocontrol Agent: A Comprehensive Overview
(Springer, 2024) Talat Ilyas; Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Mohammad Shahid; Deepti Malviya; Sumit Kumar; Sachidanand Singh; Parul Johri; Udai B. Singh; Harsh V. Singh
One of the most potential bacteria for plant growth promotion with minimal adverse reactions is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The plant growth-promoting (PGP) mechanisms of B. amyloliquefaciens have received a great deal of attention since it is a highly effective biofertiliser and biocontrol agent in agriculture. In this work, we studied B. amyloliquefaciens’s PGP processes as well as the present restrictions on its use in agriculture. Primarily, B. amyloliquefaciens can increase the availability of soil nutrients by increasing the delivery of nitrogen, solubilisation of potassium and phosphate, and the production of siderophores. Subsequently, B. amyloliquefaciens can alter the soil microbial community by increasing the accessibility of minerals and enhancing the environment for plant growth. Additionally, B. amyloliquefaciens can also emit hormones and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) linked to plant cell proliferation and root development, which would enhance plants’ ability to absorb nutrients. B. amyloliquefaciens can also help in increasing the plant resistance to biotic stressors caused by soil pathogens by competing for nutrients and functions, creating compounds such cyclic lipopeptides and VOCs that directly combat pathogens and system resistance in the plants. Similar to this, B. amyloliquefaciens inoculation can stimulate plant growth by altering the host plant’s genetic makeup, chemistry, and physical structure to make it more resilient to abiotic stressors. It is additionally suggested that in future research, greater attention should be made to nitrogen absorption processes of plants using improved methodologies in varied soil conditions and locations. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Harnessing biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum for control of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato
(Indian Phytopathological Society, 2017) Udai B. Singh; Shailendra Singh; Deepti Malviya; Rajan Chaurasia; Mohd. Imran; Jai P. Rai; Arun K. Sharma
The aim of the study was to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum against Meloidogyne incognita and decipher mechanisms of induced systemic resistance and disease suppression in tomato grown in net house conditions. The fungal biocontrol agent T. harzianum UBSTH-501 was evaluated against M. incognita on dual plate under in vitro conditions and in planta under nethouse conditions. The results of in vitro parasitism on dual plates showed that T. harzianum causing infection on the eggs and juveniles of root-knot nematode, whereas, in planta assay showed that plants treated with talc based bioformulation T. harzianum UBSTH-501 exhibited manifold increase in the accumulation of total chlorophyll and enzymes, viz. chitinase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase which is known to confer systemic resistance in tomato against M. incognita resulting into decreased nematode population and disease severity. Results revealed that T. harzianum UBSTH-501modulated phenylpropanoid pathways led to enhanced accumulation of defence related mediator molecules and enzymes in tomato resulted in disease suppression to a significant extents. © Indian Phytopathological Society 2017.
Integration of anti-penetrant tricyclazole, signaling molecule salicylic acid and root associated Pseudomonas fluorescens enhances suppression of Bipolaris sorokiniana in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Springer, 2019) Udai B. Singh; Shailendra Singh; Deepti Malviya; Nanjappan Karthikeyan; Mohd. Imran; Rajan Chaurasia; Manzar Alam; Pratap Singh; B.K. Sarma; Jai P. Rai; T. Damodaran; J.K. Tripathi; Sunil Kumar; Arun K. Sharma
Salicylic acid (SA) and root associated Pseudomonas fluorescens are known inducers of systemic resistance and influence plant defense responses including reprogramming of cellular mechanisms in response to biotic stress. However, integration of SA, tricyclazole and bioagent P. fluorescens in the integrated disease management practices is not clearly understood. With this rationale the present study was carried out to understand the effects of integration of an anti-penetrant tricyclazole, signaling molecule SA and P. fluorescens UBSPF-10 in modulation of defense cascades and enhancing suppression of Bipolaris sorokiniana in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Results showed that exogenous application of SA (100 mg L−1) alone and in combination with tricyclazole (750 mg L−1) and P. fluorescens UBSPF-10 significantly increased activation and accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase, β 1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities in wheat leaves challenged with B. sorokiniana compared to individually treated and control plants. The influence of combined applications of SA, tricyclazole and P. fluorescens UBSPF-10 on lignin content in plant leaves was investigated and it was observed that the combined treatment resulted significant increase in the acid-soluble lignin content in wheat possibly leading to enhanced suppression of disease progression and severity. Furthermore, correlation analysis clearly indicated that enhanced accumulation of lignin in plant cells significantly reduces pathogen infection and invasion of tissue leading to reduction in disease development compared to other treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that combined application of SA, tricyclazole and P. fluorescens UBSPF-10 played an important role in suppression of B. sorokiniana development in wheat plants in a cooperative manner and thus, could be used in the integrated disease management practices of wheat. © 2019, Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.).
Lesson from ecotoxicity: Revisiting the microbial lipopeptides for the management of emerging diseases for crop protection
(MDPI AG, 2020) Deepti Malviya; Pramod Kumar Sahu; Udai B. Singh; Surinder Paul; Amrita Gupta; Abhay Raj Gupta; Shailendra Singh; Manoj Kumar; Diby Paul; Jai P. Rai; Harsh V. Singh; G.P. Brahmaprakash
Microorganisms area treasure in terms of theproduction of various bioactive compounds which are being explored in different arenas of applied sciences. In agriculture, microbes and their bioactive compounds are being utilized in growth promotion and health promotion withnutrient fortification and its acquisition. Exhaustive explorations are unraveling the vast diversity of microbialcompounds with their potential usage in solving multiferous problems incrop production. Lipopeptides are one of such microbial compounds which havestrong antimicrobial properties against different plant pathogens. These compounds are reported to be produced by bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and few other microorganisms; however, genus Bacillus alone produces a majority of diverse lipopeptides. Lipopeptides are low molecular weight compounds which havemultiple industrial roles apart from being usedas biosurfactants and antimicrobials. In plant protection, lipopeptides have wide prospects owing totheirpore-forming ability in pathogens, siderophore activity, biofilm inhibition, and dislodging activity, preventing colonization bypathogens, antiviral activity, etc. Microbes with lipopeptides that haveall these actions are good biocontrol agents. Exploring these antimicrobial compounds could widen the vistasof biological pest control for existing and emerging plant pathogens. The broader diversity and strong antimicrobial behavior of lipopeptides could be a boon for dealing withcomplex pathosystems and controlling diseases of greater economic importance. Understanding which and how these compounds modulate the synthesis and production of defense-related biomolecules in the plants is a key question—the answer of whichneeds in-depth investigation. The present reviewprovides a comprehensive picture of important lipopeptides produced by plant microbiome, their isolation, characterization, mechanisms of disease control, behavior against phytopathogens to understand different aspects of antagonism, and potential prospects for future explorations as antimicrobial agents. Understanding and exploring the antimicrobial lipopeptides from bacteria and fungi could also open upan entire new arena of biopesticides for effective control of devastating plant diseases. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Linking Soil Microbial Diversity to Modern Agriculture Practices: A Review
(MDPI, 2022) Amrita Gupta; Udai B. Singh; Pramod K. Sahu; Surinder Paul; Adarsh Kumar; Deepti Malviya; Shailendra Singh; Pandiyan Kuppusamy; Prakash Singh; Diby Paul; Jai P. Rai; Harsh V. Singh; Madhab C. Manna; Theodore C. Crusberg; Arun Kumar; Anil K. Saxena
Agriculture is a multifarious interface between plants and associated microorganisms. In contemporary agriculture, emphasis is being given to environmentally friendly approaches, particularly in developing countries, to enhance sustainability of the system with the least negative effects on produce quality and quantity. Modern agricultural practices such as extensive tillage, the use of harmful agrochemicals, mono-cropping, etc. have been found to influence soil microbial community structure and soil sustainability. On the other hand, the question of feeding the ever-growing global population while ensuring system sustainability largely remains unanswered. Agriculturally important microorganisms are envisaged to play important roles in various measures to raise a healthy and remunerative crop, including integrated nutrient management, as well as disease and pest management to cut down agrochemicals without compromising the agricultural production. These beneficial microorganisms seem to have every potential to provide an alternative opportunity to overcome the ill effects of various components of traditional agriculture being practiced by and large. Despite an increased awareness of the importance of organically produced food, farmers in developing countries still tend to apply inorganic chemical fertilizers and toxic chemical pesticides beyond the recommended doses. Nutrient uptake enhancement, biocontrol of pests and diseases using microbial inoculants may replace/reduce agrochemicals in agricultural production system. The present review aims to examine and discuss the shift in microbial population structure due to current agricultural practices and focuses on the development of a sustainable agricultural system employing the tremendous untapped potential of the microbial world. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Microbial Interactions in the Rhizosphere Contributing Crop Resilience to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
(Springer, 2020) Deepti Malviya; Udai B. Singh; Shailendra Singh; Pramod K. Sahu; K. Pandiyan; Abhijeet S. Kashyap; Nazia Manzar; Pawan K. Sharma; H.V. Singh; Jai P. Rai; Sushil K. Sharma
Rhizosphere is a hot spot where specific kinds of diverse microbial communities develop under the influence of exudates from plant roots and in turn modulate growth and development of the plant. Such communities with or without interactions perform an array of functions, including nitrogen fixation, P, Zn, Si and K-solubilization, siderophore production, ammonification, hormones production, ACC deaminase production, ethylene production, anammox, comammox, nitrification, denitrification, antagonisms, induce resistance to plant, C-sequestration, volatile production, secondary metabolites production and many others that are known to modulate soil and plant health contributing to the corresponding responses to various stresses of biotic and abiotic nature. The magnitude of resilience of plant to biotic and abiotic stresses is completely dependent on types of communities and their interactions. With enhanced knowledge and understanding about rhizosphere, researchers are evaluating various approaches to engineer rhizosphere in such way that it enables plant to enhance the productivity and sustain it while maintaining soil health. This chapter highlights detailed account of microbial interactions in the rhizosphere with associated mechanisms that contribute to resilience of plants to stress for better growth and development. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Microbial Management of Fusarium Wilt in Banana: A Comprehensive Overview
(Springer Nature, 2023) Zaryab Shafi; Talat Ilyas; Mohammad Shahid; Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Deepti Malviya; Bavita Yadav; Pramod K. Sahu; Udai B. Singh; Jai P. Rai; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Harsh V. Singh
Globally, the production of bananas (Musa sp. L.) often suffers from various environmental challenges. Among them, biotic stress-induced disease caused by phytopathogenic soil microorganisms is the most threatening factor. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Foc Tropical Race 4 (Foc-TR4) is an important soilborne fungus triggering the severe disease, Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) in bananas. Following infection in a wide variety of bananas, strain Foc-TR4 harshly reduced their cultivation. Herein, we have summarized the present scenario of Fusarium wilt disease. Numerous challenges have been proposed by researchers to control the Panama disease as well as to improve banana production. Primarily aiming at increasing disease tolerance to bananas and improving their cultivation, various management strategies like crop rotation, burning of rice husks, biological soil disinfection, and use of chemical fungicides have been developed. However, these chemical and cultural practices have several drawbacks and therefore not often used. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria offer one of the most environmentally friendly, effective, safe, and economically sound solution to combat the Panama disease. Apart from growth promotion, this PGPR prevents phyto-pathogen-induced diseases. The recent chapter highlights the utilization of beneficial and antagonistic PGPR and their efficacy against diseases, and bacterial-mediated mechanisms involved in managing Panama disease. Induced systemic resistance (ISR), production of antibiotics, extracellular enzymes, cyanogenic compounds, siderophores, and other antifungal metabolites are the main mechanisms involved in PGPR-induced disease suppression. It will be possible to build or select sustainable management techniques to prevent or aid to minimize Fusarium wilt incidence in banana plantations using the scientific knowledge gathered in this research. The use of indigenous PGP rhizobacteria in plant disease control is gaining popularity as environmental and health concerns underscore the need for a more sustainable agriculture system. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Modulation in Biofertilization and Biofortification of Wheat Crop by Inoculation of Zinc-Solubilizing Rhizobacteria
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Ramesh Chandra Yadav; Sushil K. Sharma; Ajit Varma; Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat; Mohammad Shavez Khan; Pawan K. Sharma; Deepti Malviya; Udai B. Singh; Jai P. Rai; Anil K. Saxena
Zinc is an important micronutrient needed for the optimum growth and development of plants. Contrary to chemical zinc fertilizers, the use of zinc-solubilizing bacteria is an environmentally friendly option for zinc enrichment in edible parts of crops. This study was conducted with the objective of selecting potential zinc-solubilizing rhizobacteria from the rhizosphere of chickpea grown in soils of eastern Uttar Pradesh and further assessing their impact on the magnitude of zinc assimilation in wheat crops. Among 15 isolates, CRS-9, CRS-17, CRS-30, and CRS-38 produced net soluble zinc in broth to the tune of 6.1, 5.9, 5.63, and 5.6 μg ml–1, respectively, in zinc phosphate with the corresponding pH of 4.48, 5.31, 5.2, and 4.76. However, the bacterial strains CRS-17, CRS-30, CRS-38, and CRS-9 showed maximum zinc phosphate solubilization efficiency of 427.79, 317.39, 253.57, and 237.04%, respectively. The four bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus glycinifermentans CRS-9, Microbacterium oxydans CRS-17, Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans CRS-30, and Bacillus tequilensis CRS-38 on the basis of morphological and biochemical studies and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial inoculants significantly colonized the roots of wheat plants and formed a biofilm in the root matrix. These strains significantly increased seed germination (%) and vigor indices in wheat grown under glasshouse conditions. After 30 days of sowing of wheat under microcosm conditions, eight zinc transporter (TaZIP) genes were expressed maximally in roots, with concomitant accumulation of higher zinc content in the bacterially treated plant compared to the absolute control. Out of the four strains tested, two bacteria, B. tequilensis CRS-38 and P. nicotinovorans CRS-30, improved seed germination (%), vigor indices (2–2.5 folds), plant biomass, grain yield (2.39 g plant–1), and biofortificated grains (54.25 μg g–1Zn) of wheat. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first report on the presence of zinc solubilization trait in B. glycinifermentans CRS-9, M. oxydans CRS-17, and P. nicotinovorans CRS-30. Copyright © 2022 Yadav, Sharma, Varma, Rajawat, Khan, Sharma, Malviya, Singh, Rai and Saxena.