Browsing by Author "Dinesh Kumar Yadav"

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Immunomodulatory constituents from annona squamosa twigs provoke differential immune response in BALB/c mice
(2013) Vishal Kumar Soni; Manisha Pathak; Dinesh Kumar Yadav; Rakesh Maurya; Mahendra Sahai; Swatantra Kumar Jain; Shailja Misra-Bhattacharya
Annona squamosa (AS) has traditionally been used as ethnomedicine and various parts of the plant have been used to combat several disorders including dysentery, cancer and hyperthyroidism. Since the twig of this plant is reported to contain a large number of alkaloids, we chose to study its medicinal properties on the immune response of BALB/c mice. The present study, thus, aims at evaluation of immunomodulatory activity in the crude ethanolic extract and its four fractions, viz. hexane (F1), chloroform (F2), n-butanol (F3) and aqueous (F4) prepared from the twigs of AS to locate the active constituents in the fractions. The extract and fractions were fed orally at 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days and mice were euthanized to assess various immune parameters. The ethanolic extract and its three fractions F2, F3 and F4 were found active since they increased splenic T and B cellular proliferation with a significant accentuation in peritoneal macrophage function, differentially increased the CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD19+ B lymphocytes. The extract and its active fractions also demonstrated significant Th1 or Th2 mixed cytokine response at almost all doses tried in a dose-dependent manner. Its hexane fraction, however, could only induce reactive oxygen species production in peritoneal macrophages and could not induce lymphocytes; thus, it remained inactive. Thus, the activity could be localized distributed in its three fractions (chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous). Further purification and evaluation of the active molecule/s is underway in our laboratory.
Mitigating effects of paclobutrazol on flooding stress damage by shifting biochemical and antioxidant defense mechanisms in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) at pre-flowering stage
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2017) Dinesh Kumar Yadav; A. Hemantaranjan
Flooding stress is one of the major obstacles which hamper plant growth and development in various ways. Two screened mungbean genotypes, HUM-16 (flooding tolerant) and HUM-12 (flooding susceptible), were selected to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol @10ppm and 25ppm along with its combinations through pre-seed soaking and foliar spray at pre-flowering stage. The flooding stress shock was imposed for seven days at pre-flowering stage. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) treatments significantly enhanced chlorophyll, soluble sugar, starch, MSI, APX, and SOD in both HUM-16 and HUM-12 genotypes under flooding stress. Among all the treatments, PBZ @10ppm seed treatment + 10ppm foliar spray revealed higher chlorophyll (2.47 and 1.97 mg g-1 FW), soluble sugar (24.57 and 20.53 mg g-1 FW), MSI (49.16% and 38.67%), APX (16.13 and 6.50 Units mg-1 protein min-1) and SOD (38.00 and 18.30 Units mg-1 protein min-1) in both tolerant and susceptible genotype, respectively, while it minimized the production of MDA (18.30% and 49.00%) and H2O2 (19.05% and 25.06%) in both tolerant and susceptible genotype, respectively, under flooding stress as compared to control. Paclobutrazol treatments, as evident, minimized the flooding stress damage in tolerant genotype as compared to susceptible genotype by enhancing chlorophyll, soluble sugar and antioxidant enzymes activity (APX and SOD) and by reducing the generation of H2O2 and MDA contents under flooding stress. © 2017, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids from Anthocephalus cadamba Fruits Exhibiting Anticancer Activity in Human Lung Cancer Cell Line H1299
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2018) Devendra Pratap Mishra; Mohsin Ali Khan; Dinesh Kumar Yadav; Arun Kumar Rawat; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Tanveer Ahamad; Mohd Kamil Hussain; Mohammad Saquib; Mohammad Faheem Khan
Two new monoterpene indole alkaloids, Vincosamide-N-oxide (1) and isodihydroamino cadambine (2) along with seven known alkaloids and triterpenoids vincosamide (3), vallesiachotamine (4), iso-vallesiachotamine (5), dihydrocadambine (6), cadambine (7), ursolic acid (8) and oleanolic acid (9) were isolated from the fruits of Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq. (Family: Rubiaceae). The chemical structures of the isolated molecules were determined using a combination of InfraRed (IR) and one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and High Resolution-Electronspray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (HR-ESIMS). The molecules were evaluated for their in-vitro antiproliferative activity against human lung cancer cell line H1299. Cytotoxic profile was studied in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line and induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Compounds 4 and 5 were found to exhibit potent anticancer activity with IC50 values of 4.24 and 3.79 μM respectively. Both compounds demonstrated significant fragmentation in the chromatin within the nucleus cells as a result of apoptosis. In addition none of the purified compounds showed any toxic effect on normal cells. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Morpho-physiological attributes of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes as influenced by brassinolide under salinity stress
(International Society of Plant Morphologists, 2015) Sadhana Mishra; A. Hemantaranjan; Dinesh Kumar Yadav; Deepmala Katiyar
Seeds of Mungbean genotypes (HUM-23 and HUM-16) were pre-soaked at two different concentrations of brassinolide (BL), i.e., 0.01mM and 0.005mM, and seedlings were raised under controlled conditions in a plant growth chamber on the soil substratum stressed with salinity by adding NaCl at 100mM. Stressed plants caused a sharp reduction in growth plant-1 (viz., length of root, height of shoot, number of leaves, total leaf area and total dry weight). In general, Brassinolide at 0.005mM and at 0.01mM showed significant effects on germination percentage, number of leaves plant-1 and total dry weight plant-1 besides significant effects on length of root, height of shoot and total leaf area plant-1, respectively. By and large, BL applied genotypes improved growth activity along with mitigation of the damages of the said characteristics under salinity stress. Overall critical evaluation showed greater improvements in HUM-16 at the threshold level of 0.005mM BL under salinity stress, though HUM-23 was superior in germination percentage, length of root and height of shoot. Hence, economically viable concentrations of BL may be of importance in salinity stress alleviation.
N-methyl-6, 7-dimethoxyisoquinolone in Annona squamosa twigs is the major immune modifier to elicit polarized Th1 immune response in BALB/c mice
(2012) Vishal Kumar Soni; Dinesh Kumar Yadav; Nasreen Bano; Preety Dixit; Manisha Pathak; Rakesh Maurya; Mahendra Sahai; Swatantra Kumar Jain; Shailja Misra-Bhattacharya
Annona squamosa (AS) has traditionally been used as ethnomedicine. We have earlier extracted and fractionated the twigs of AS based upon its bioactivity and observed its immune potentiating activity that was localized in its three fractions. Present communication deals with the phytochemical analysis and pharmacological investigation of the most active chloroform fraction that led to isolation and identification of a number of compounds whose structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Amongst the twelve pure compounds isolated, five compounds Lanuginosine (1), (+) -O- methylarmepavine (2), (+)-anomuricine (3), Isocorydine (4), and N-methyl-6, 7- dimethoxyisoquinolone (5) were evaluated in vivo for their immune modifier activities in BALB/c mice after oral administration at three log doses of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Of these, three compounds (1, 2 and 5) showed dose dependent immune stimulating activity. However, the uppermost activity was noted in the compound N-methyl-6, 7-dimethoxyisoquinolone at the 3.0 mg/kg oral dose. The activity was assessed in the form of increased splenic T and B cellular proliferation, up-regulated CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ cell population and accentuation in the peritoneal macrophage function. The compound possibly acted modifying the expression of Th1- and Th2- cytokines via stimulation of pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results warrant the use of the above compounds as an efficient immune-stimulant or immune-adjuvant against diseases with immune suppression. The analogs of the compound may further be chemically synthesized to achieve desired immune modifying activity. Crown Copyright © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Recent advances in electrochemical utilization of NHPI esters
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Bhawana Jat; Dinesh Kumar Yadav; Satpal Singh Badsara; Siddharth Sharma
Electrochemical methods employing N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters have emerged as powerful tools for sustainable organic synthesis. Derived from abundant and stable alkyl carboxylic acids, NHPI esters enable the generation of alkyl radicals through single-electron transfer (SET) and decarboxylation, facilitating carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bond formation. These reactions are vital for synthesizing complex molecules used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and advanced materials, yet traditional approaches often depend on harsh conditions, toxic reagents, or costly metals. This review explores recent progress in electrochemical applications of NHPI esters, highlighting their role in both metal-catalyzed (e.g., Ni, Cr) and metal-free systems. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.