Browsing by Author "Dinesh Prasad Gond"

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Basic overview of human physiology
(Elsevier, 2020) Atul Srivastava; Mrinalini Kumari; Dinesh Prasad Gond; Subhashini
Physiology has been defined as the branch of science dedicated to analyze and understand all the events, activities and functions of the living system. It is the study of normal function and vital processes of living organism. Classified as the sub-section and subdivision of biology and zoology, it covers a range of subject that include organs, anatomy, cells, biological compounds, and how they all interact to make life possible. The different division of physiology are only the various attempts to approach and understand the same problem from different angle. System biology considers all living phenomena as emergent properties due to interface among components of the system. Each system is highly complicated and each functions properly only when it cooperates with the other in maintaining the proper internal environment. The present knowledge of physiology has already assumed gigantic proportion and recent researches are adding everyday something new to it. The present review gives an idea about the major human physiological process like movement, digestion, respiration, blood circulation their composition and functioning and how each system are interrealated affecting functioning of other regulating the body function. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Current and future prospects of nanoparticles to combat bacterial infections
(Elsevier, 2022) Dinesh Prasad Gond; Atul Srivastava; Subhashini; Anjney Sharma; Kumari Mrinalini
Bacterial infections are a major public health problem that result high morbidity and mortality. There are several options for antibacterial therapy, however, their efficacies are limited, particularly due to the developing resistance mechanism. In the past decade, a great advance in nanomedicine has shown promise for the treatment of bacterial infection. In the current perspective for medicine application or medical therapies, nanotechnology using nanoscale materials is increasingly being utilized for clinical applications, especially as a new paradigm to combat bacterial infections. The nanoparticles can act as antibacterial agents or carriers for loading antibacterial drugs to promote the bioavailability and effectiveness of antibiotics. Nanoparticles may penetrate the cell membrane of pathogenic microorganisms and interfere with important molecular pathways, formulating unique antimicrobial mechanisms. These particles have also demonstrated synergy in combination with optimal antibiotics and may aid in limiting the global crisis of emerging bacterial resistance. In the current chapter, we have highlighted and summarized the potentially significant impact of nanoparticles as antibacterial agents, the recent progress on the development of antibacterial nanoparticles, and the subsequent approaches and challenges for clinical applications. This chapter offers an overview of the current and future prospects of antibacterial nanosystems. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Endophytes of Medicinal Plants: Diversity and Bioactivity
(Springer Nature, 2022) Sandeep Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Dharmendra Kumar; Dinesh Prasad Gond; Ajay Kumar
Plants are home to a diverse range of microbial communities. These microbes are present either on the epiphytic regions or inside the plant tissue as endophytes and play an integral role in growth promotion, phytopathogen control, and the management of various biotic and abiotic stresses. In this chapter, we summarized the diversity pattern of endophytic microorganisms associated with medicinal plants and their potential role in metabolite synthesis within the host plant. Medicinal plants harbor a plethora of bioactive compounds that are directly or indirectly used for the treatments of various human ailments. The endophytic diversity pattern of medicinal plants will provide insight into their potential and beneficial use, especially for the modulation of bioactive compounds. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Microbial biofilms and their role in acute and chronic pathogenesis
(Elsevier, 2024) Atul Srivastava; Mrinalini Kumari; Dinesh Prasad Gond; Subhashini
The context of microorganism living within the commune rather than merely as autonomous individual is one of the quickly gaining acceptances. These communities of the organism residing within the extracellular polymeric substance matrix are termed biofilms. A biofilm is an assembly of microbial cells that is irretrievably linked with a surface and covered primarily in a matrix of polysaccharide material. The ability to figure biofilms is a universal attribute of all microorganisms including bacteria. Biofilms may impact human health both positively and negatively. With the tendency to grow anywhere on abiotic as well as biotic surfaces, these act as a potent source of various infections. The rising burden of several diseases caused by microbial infections implies an immense menace to global health. Biofilm formation has been confirmed in numerous pathogens and is evidently mentioned as an important strategy for microbial survival. This chapter provides an overview on biofilms, their structure and formation, and their impact on human health. The current chapter also entails light on the involvement of biofilms in pulmonary infections and existing strategies employed for the treatment. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Norepinephrine augmented in vitro growth of uropathogenic E. coli in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its suppression by silodosin (alpha blocker)
(Elsevier Inc., 2018) Dinesh Prasad Gond; Shivendra Singh; N.K. Agrawal
Norepinephrine is secreted under conditions of stress in humans. The ability of bacteria to sense mammalian hormone may have a role in propagation of infection. The present study investigated the effect of norepinephrine on in vitro growth of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and the effect of silodosin on norepinephrine-induced changes. The spot urine samples were collected from 56 individuals (14 diabetic patients with UTI, 14 diabetic without UTI, 14 non-diabetic UTI and 14 healthy volunteer controls) for the measurement of urinary norepinephrine concentrations. The concentration of norepinephrine, as found in urine of human subjects, was reproduced in artificial urine medium to study the growth of UPEC. The norepinephrine concentration showing maximum growth response was selected to study the effect of silodosin on the growth inhibition of UPEC. Result showed significantly elevated urinary norepinephrine in diabetic patients with and without UTI and also in nondiabetic UTI groups. The norepinephrine concentration equivalent to that in diabetic UTI patients enhanced the growth of UPEC. Furthermore, silodosin (0.32 μM) inhibited the growth of the UPEC. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.
Plant growth promoting bacteria and its role in green remediation
(Elsevier, 2021) Dinesh Prasad Gond; Subhesh Saurabh Jha; Ajay Kumar; Sandeep Kumar Singh
Currently, numerous physical and chemical techniques are used to address the issue of contaminant degradation, but they can lead to various environmental problems due to persistent degradation products or their side effects. However, a range of biological processes has been used for the degradation of environmental pollutants or xenobiotic compounds. Microbes or microbial products have been broadly used in the degradation of various environmental contaminants in low-cost, efficient, and/or sustainable ways. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are bacteria that are directly or indirectly involved in growth promotion, management of biotic or abiotic stress, and green remediation. In this chapter, we summarize various aspects of green remediation with plant growth-stimulating rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Recent applications of nanomedicine in lung disease
(Elsevier, 2022) Atul Srivastava; Mrinalini Kumari; Dinesh Prasad Gond; Subhashini
Lung diseases include a wide spectrum of illnesses, such as asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancers, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and have been a huge threat to human health and life. However, the treatment and diagnosis of various lung diseases are challenging. Among the several treatment strategies and diagnostic techniques, the adverse effect to chemotherapy in cancers, multidrug resistance in tuberculosis, side effects, toxicity, poor drug delivery, and metabolism require the development of novel and promising alternative treatments. Nanotechnology provides a promising tool for the development of innovative treatment overcoming many drug challenges. Nanotechnology being widely studied in medicinal field has given rise to the interdisciplinary nanomedicine field allowing fundamental changes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Lungs provide a good target organ for drug delivery via an aerosol inhalation mode. Lungs provide a large surface area for local drug action and systemic drug absorption and hence nanomedicines have been a boon in treating many of the lung diseases without leading to any side effects or toxicity. The present chapter aims to review nanoparticles-based drug delivery systems studied over the last decade as therapeutic agents in lung diseases. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Testing an association between TLR4 and CXCR1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to urinary tract infection in type 2 diabetes in north Indian population
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Dinesh Prasad Gond; Shivendra Singh; N.K. Agrawal
Background Genetic variations of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CXC-chemokine receptor type1 (CXCR1), the key elements of innate immune system and their association with urinary tract infection (UTI) were studied in general population. In present study we investigate genetic variation of these genes in diabetic patients (3 to 4 times higher prevalence of UTI in comparison to general population). Methods A total 1100 subjects (318 diabetic patients with UTI, 324 diabetic patients without UTI, 200 non-diabetic UTI patients and 260 age matched healthy control) were enrolled in the study. SNPs of TLR4 rs4986790, rs4986791 and CXCR1 rs2234671 was assessed by PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSP respectively. Results Statistical analysis revealed that A/G genotype and G allele of TLR4 rs4986790 are significantly associated with UTI in both diabetics and nondiabetic patients in comparison to healthy control. Similarly CT genotype and T allele of TLR4 rs4986791 are also significantly associated with UTI in both groups. We also found that prevalence of A/G genotype of TLR4 rs4986790 and CT genotype of TLR4 rs4986791 are significantly higher in patients of diabetes with UTI in comparison to diabetic patients without UTI. We did not find any association of CXCR1 rs2234671 polymorphism with UTI by comparing with any group. Conclusion We found that TLR4 rs4986790 and rs4986791 gene polymorphism is a risk for UTI development in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients in north Indian population. © 2017