Browsing by Author "Dipendra Kumar Mahato"

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Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Based Products: Occurrence, Toxicity, Impact on Human Health, and Their Detoxification and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Pradeep Kumar; Akansha Gupta; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Shikha Pandhi; Arun Kumar Pandey; Raveena Kargwal; Sadhna Mishra; Rajat Suhag; Nitya Sharma; Vivek Saurabh; Veena Paul; Manoj Kumar; Raman Selvakumar; Shirani Gamlath; Madhu Kamle; Hesham Ali El Enshasy; Jawahir A. Mokhtar; Steve Harakeh
Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reproduction, and the nervous system. Therefore, the precise detection methods, detoxification, and management strategies of AFs in cereal and cereal-based products are crucial for food safety as well as consumer health. Hence, this review provides a brief overview of the occurrence, chemical characteristics, biosynthetic processes, health hazards, and detection techniques of AFs, along with a focus on detoxification and management strategies that could be implemented for food safety and security. © 2022 by the authors.
Bacillus thuringiensis as microbial biopesticide: uses and application for sustainable agriculture
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Pradeep Kumar; Madhu Kamle; Rituraj Borah; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Bharti Sharma
Background: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used in agriculture for a long time because of its insecticidal proteins which make it a valuable environment-friendly biopesticide. However, its use is not only limited to insecticidal properties. Current and previous studies indicate its potential as a biofertilizer for promoting plant growth, the development of transgenic plants, and others. It is the presence of δ-endotoxins, especially cry protein, which attributes the insecticidal property to the bacteria. Besides, there are some vegetative and secreted insecticidal proteins that exert their toxic activity towards specific species. Main body of abstract: The present review briefly provides an overview of the Bt uses and application as a biocontrol agent against insect pest for sustainable agriculture. Historical development of Bt as biocontrol, classification of various cry proteins, their mechanisms of actions against different insect-pest, and incorporation of cry genes in the plant for developing transgenic Bt plants such as Bt cotton, potato, and maize. Applications of Bt as biofertilizer and the various bioformulations as biopesticide are also described. Short conclusion: Uses of harmful pesticides and chemical cause various health issues and environmental problem; therefore, the Bt served as the best alternative to overcome the above issue. Also, we aim to explore the potential as plant growth-promoting potential and solubilization of minerals and the uses as a biofertilizer, keeping the high specificity and environmental safety of Bt. Its various formulations are commercially available and considered an efficient alternative to chemical pesticides. © 2021, The Author(s).
Bacillus-based nano-bioformulations for phytopathogens and insect–pest management
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Pradeep Kumar; Shikha Pandhi; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Madhu Kamle; Archana Mishra
Background: Recent concerns linked with the application of chemical pesticides and the increasing necessity of low inputs sustainable agriculture have put the use of microbial biocontrol agents and bio-pesticides to the forefront for their application against plant pathogens and insect–pest management. Results: This review tended to scrutinize the prospects of microbial biocontrol agents and microbes-based nano-formulations against plant diseases and for pest management with emphasis on bacteria-based nanoparticles, especially derived from Bacillus species. It also tended to discuss the probable mechanism of action and effect on plant growth along with its prospects in a brief manner. Conclusion: The use of microbial biocontrol agents offers effective, eco-friendly, and long-lasting management of plant diseases. The employment of nanotechnology in the field of biopesticides has emerged as a promising solution. Nano-biopesticides in the form of biologically derived active pesticides or compounds integrated as nanoparticles and integrated into a suitable polymer have application in insect–pest management. © 2021, The Author(s).
Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Madhu Kamle; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Akansha Gupta; Shikha Pandhi; Nitya Sharma; Bharti Sharma; Sadhna Mishra; Shalini Arora; Raman Selvakumar; Vivek Saurabh; Jyoti Dhakane-Lad; Manoj Kumar; Sreejani Barua; Arvind Kumar; Shirani Gamlath; Pradeep Kumar
Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and dairy products, as well as red mold rice. CIT exerts nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects in both humans and animals, thereby raising concerns regarding the consumption of CIT-contaminated food and feed. Hence, to minimize the risk of CIT contamination in food and feed, understanding the incidence of CIT occurrence, its sources, and biosynthetic pathways could assist in the effective implementation of detection and mitigation measures. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on sources of CIT, its prevalence in food and feed, biosynthetic pathways, and genes involved, with a major focus on detection and management strategies to ensure the safety and security of food and feed. © 2022 by the authors. icensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Correction to: Production, optimization, scale up and characterization of polyhydoxyalkanoates copolymers utilizing dairy processing waste (Scientific Reports, (2024), 14, 1, (1620), 10.1038/s41598-024-52098-0)
(Nature Research, 2024) Tejaswini Dhanaji Patil; Saptaneel Ghosh; Aparna Agarwal; Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Pradeep Kumar; Petr Slama; Ales Pavlik; Shafiul Haque
Correction to: Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52098-0, published online 18 January 2024 The Author Contributions section in this Article was incomplete. “T.D.P., A.D.T., P.S., A.P., S.H. and S.K.S.P. conceptualized the experiment. T.D.P., A.D.T. and A.A did the methodology and validation. T.D.P., A.D.T. conducted the formal analysis and investigation. T.D.P., A.D.T., and S.K.S.P. wrote and prepared the original draft. A.D.T., P.S., A.P., S.H., and S.K.S.P. conducted the writing, review and editing. A.A. helped in visualization. A.D.T. and A.A. supervised the experiment. S.H. and D.K.M. edited the manuscript. T.D.P., A.D.T. and A.A. performed analytical work. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.” now reads, “T.D.P., A.D.T., P.S., A.P., S.H. and S.K.S.P. conceptualized the experiment. T.D.P., A.D.T. and A.A. did the methodology and validation. T.D.P., A.D.T. conducted the formal analysis and investigation. T.D.P., A.D.T., and S.K.S.P. wrote and prepared the original draft. A.D.T., P.S., A.P., S.H., and S.K.S.P. conducted the writing, review, and editing. A.A. helped in visualization. A.D.T. and A.A. supervised the experiment. S.H. and D.K.M. edited the manuscript. T.D.P., A.D.T., P.K., and A.A. performed analytical work. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.” The original Article has been corrected. © The Author(s) 2024.
Curcumin Nanocapsules Prepared With Native Casein Micelles Exhibit Potential to Reduce Paracetamol-Induced Oxidative Stress
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Ankita Hooda; Bimlesh Mann; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Nandita Das; Himanshu Kumar Rai; Sulaxana Singh; Javed Masood Khan; Aparna Agarwal; Dipendra Kumar Mahato
The study was designed to validate the antioxidant effect of curcumin nano encapsulated (NE) inside native Casein (CN) micelles using a small animal model. Paracetamol (P) is a regularly used drug that is safe when used at therapeutic levels, but an overdose of it has the potential to cause nephron and hepato-toxicity. Thereby, the effect of curcumin, which has anti-oxidative properties, was tested on the hepato-nephron toxicity caused by the overdose. This would prove the effective protection offered to curcumin, by native CN micelles. Male albino mice were treated with nano capsules for 4 days (orally at 30 mg/kg of BW per day) before and after orally administering P (300 mg/kg of BW) for 2 days. There were six groups, including preventive and curative (NE and pristine curcumin) and two control groups. The negative control mice were administered water only for 6 days, and the other group was administered P at 300 mg/kg of BW, but no nano capsules/curcumin were administered. BUN levels were observed to increase in NE powder treated groups in comparison to the P group. The creatinine, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels reduced in mice treated with NE powder after/before P treatment. The levels of antioxidant indices like catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation were noted in liver homogenate. The mice group treated with nano-capsules orally showed increased activities of enzymes and a decrease in thio-barbituric acid reactive substances as compared to the P group. Hence, nano capsules can act as a potential antioxidant that delivers curcumin with good bioavailability. © 2025 The Author(s). Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Current trends in flavor encapsulation: A comprehensive review of emerging encapsulation techniques, flavour release, and mathematical modelling
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Yashaswini Premjit; Shikha Pandhi; Arvind Kumar; Dinesh Chandra Rai; Raj Kumar Duary; Dipendra Kumar Mahato
Food flavors are volatile compounds that impact the human sensory perception profoundly and find extensive applications in various food products. Because of their volatility and high sensitivity to pH, temperature, oxidation, and external conditions, they require adequate protection to last for a longer duration. Encapsulation plays a critical role in preserving food flavors by enhancing their thermal and oxidative stability, overcoming volatility limitations, and regulating their rapid release with improved bioavailability in food products. The current review focuses on the recent developments in food flavor encapsulation techniques, such as electrospinning/spraying, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, coacervation, and yeast cell micro-carriers. The review also comprehensively discusses the role of encapsulants in achieving controlled flavor release, the mechanisms involved, and the mathematical modelling for flavor release. Specific well-established nanoencapsulation techniques render better encapsulation efficiency and controlled release of flavor compounds. The review examined specific emerging methods for flavor encapsulation, such as yeast cell encapsulation, which require further exploration and development. This article provides readers with up-to-date information on different encapsulation processes and coating methods used for flavor encapsulation. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Deoxynivalenol: An Overview on Occurrence, Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Health Effects and Its Detection, Management, and Control Strategies in Food and Feed
(Page Press Publications, 2022) Madhu Kamle; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Akansha Gupta; Shikha Pandhi; Bharti Sharma; Kajal Dhawan; Vasundhara; Sadhna Mishra; Manoj Kumar; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Prasad Rasane; Raman Selvakumar; Arvind Kumar; Shirani Gamlath; Pradeep Kumar
Mycotoxins are fungi-produced secondary metabolites that can contaminate many foods eaten by humans and animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is formed by Fusarium, is one of the most common occurring predominantly in cereal grains and thus poses a significant health risk. When DON is ingested, it can cause both acute and chronic toxicity. Acute signs include abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, increased salivation, vomiting, and malaise. The most common effects of chronic DON exposure include changes in dietary efficacy, weight loss, and anorexia. This review provides a succinct overview of various sources, biosynthetic mechanisms, and genes governing DON production, along with its consequences on human and animal health. It also covers the effect of environmental factors on its production with potential detection, management, and control strategies. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Detection and Management Strategies for Deoxynivalenol in Food and Feed: An Overview
(CRC Press, 2022) Raman Selvakumar; Dalasanuru Chandregowda Manjunathagowda; Arun Kumar Pandey; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Akansha Gupta; Shikha Pandhi; Raveena Kargwal; Madhu Kamle; Pradeep Kumar
Mycotoxin contamination is a global issue, but it is aggravated in warm, humid environments that encourage fungus growth and the creation of mycotoxins. Microbial contamination in agricultural and food production has a negative economic effect on the industry. Natural foods and feeds include toxins that are a significant source of worry for human and animal health. Cereals such as wheat, maize, barley, rice, and oats, as well as their products such as breakfast cereals, infant cereals, meals, feed, and baby mix, are the most often contaminated foodstuffs. DON contamination is caused by fungicide use and FHB-resistant genotypes. Important contamination in food and feed has been observed since DON is found in toxicologically significant amounts in food and feed all over the globe. Humans and animals also face significant health risks from DON-contaminated agricultural food and feed. Consumption of DON-contaminated food and feed may jeopardize human and animal health. © 2023 Pradeep Kumar, Madhu Kamle, and Dipendra Kumar Mahato.
Enhancement in Biological Availability of Vitamins by Nano-engineering and its Applications: An Update
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Sadhna Mishra; Shalini Sahani; Shikha Pandhi; Arvind Kumar; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Pradeep Kumar; Kaustubh Chandrakant Khaire; Ashutosh Rai
Vitamin nano-engineering has been accomplished by synthesizing various nanostructures to improve their stability, bioavailability, shelf life, and functioning. This review provides a detailed description of recent advances in the art of encapsulation with high efficiency through the use of practical and logistic nano-engineering techniques such as nanofibres, nanogels, nanobeads, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, and many other nanostructures. To demonstrate the interaction of molecules with nano-forms, the bioavailability of several vitamins such as B, C, E, A, D, and others in the form of nanostructures is explored. This review will provide a thorough understanding of how to improve bioavailability and nanostructure selection to extend the utility, shelf life, and structural stability of vitamins. While nanoencapsulation can improve vitamin stability and distribution, the materials employed in nanotechnologies may offer concerns if they are not sufficiently tested for safety. If nanoparticles are not adequately designed and evaluated, they may cause inflammation, oxidative stress, or other unwanted effects. Researchers and makers of nanomaterials and medication delivery systems should adhere to established rules and regulations. Furthermore, long-term studies are required to monitor any negative consequences that may result from the use of nanostructure. © 2024 Bentham Science.
Ethnopharmacological properties and Nutraceutical potential of Moringa oleifera
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Raveena Kargwal; Madhu Kamle; Bharti Sharma; Shikha Pandhi; Sadhna Mishra; Akansha Gupta; M.M. Chayan Mahmud; Maneesh Kumar Gupta; Lal Bihari Singha; Pradeep Kumar
Background: Moringa oleifera Lam (family Moringaceae) is a plant innate to India and has now been cultivated in various other regions of the world. It is extensively grown for its highly nutritious plant parts as a source of various nutrients like proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients like carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, etc. It has been widely stimulated in the regions of chronic as a nutritional supplement for infants and children. Methods: The search tools like Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were used for a thorough literature search till 2021. Results: In this review, the diversified phytochemical profile and high therapeutically potential have been documented. The current review intends to present an updated comprehensive overview of this versatile plant's nutritional value, therapeutic components, and ethnopharmacological properties. Conclusion: This plant has gained immense potential and increasing exploration as a nutraceutical. The ethnopharmacological properties of various compounds, along with their mode of action, are discussed briefly. Also, relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials are highlighted, which are in great demand and need further in-depth investigation in the future. © 2021 The Author(s)
Fumonisins in Food and Feed: Their Detection and Management Strategies
(CRC Press, 2022) Shubhangi Srivastava; Ashok Kumar Yadav; Mousumi Ghosh; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Madhu Kamle; Pooja Pandey; Sreemoyee Chakraborty; Pradeep Kumar
Contamination by fumonisins in agricultural crops and food-related products is affected by agro-climatic conditions. Cereals are the most often contaminated food categories. The fumonisin levels in popcorn or sweet corn, milk, meat, and eggs are generally low, while those in corn meal, bran, flour, grits, distiller grains, gluten, milling fractions, and baking mixes are quite high. Fumonisin dietary intake can result in a variety of negative consequences in agricultural and laboratory animals. From 1980-95, fumonisins were detected by thin layer chromatography on silica plates. After spraying the plate with p-anisaldehyde, followed by heating, the fumonisins develop as light to dark purple dots. Some chemical and physical methods for fumonisin reduction have been marketed entailing solvent extraction, sorting and flotation, detoxification by chemical alkalization. Mycotoxin adsorption methods have been adopted by the use of natural clay as adsorbent media in the food processing sector, resulting in the detoxification of food. © 2023 Pradeep Kumar, Madhu Kamle, and Dipendra Kumar Mahato.
Herbs-derived phytochemicals – a boon for combating COVID-19
(Springer, 2024) Veena Paul; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Aparna Agarwal; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Kartikeya Srivastava; Kamlesh Kumar Maurya
The recent pandemic, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), has put the whole world on alert with the threat of the virus that targets the human respiratory system. The disease has affected more than 633.6 million people globally and caused 6.5 million deaths since November 18, 2022. About 12.94 billion people are vaccinated as of November 18, 2022. Due to varied climatic conditions, SARS-CoV-2 has shown rapid mutation in recent years. Because of the lack of appropriate therapeutic drugs, inadequate diagnostic mechanisms, life-supporting medical facilities, and lack of awareness, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has become severe. Thus, the most efficient strategy to control this disease is to follow preventive measures. However, treating SARS-CoV-2 cases in Wuhan using traditional Chinese herbs has set an example to show how traditional health can contribute to treating this novel virus. Medicinal herbs are known for their antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, immunoadjuvant, and anti-inflammatory properties. These medicinal herbs are used during cooking and consumed regularly worldwide. In this view, medicinal herbs gained evident attention. These herbs can serve as a potential and economical remedy for combating the lethal effects of COVID-19. The present review highlights the phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action in preventing SARS-CoV-2. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Plant Research 2023.
Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Pradeep Kumar; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Akansha Gupta; Surabhi Pandey; Veena Paul; Vivek Saurabh; Arun Kumar Pandey; Raman Selvakumar; Sreejani Barua; Mandira Kapri; Manoj Kumar; Charanjit Kaur; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Shirani Gamlath; Madhu Kamle; Theodoros Varzakas; Sofia Agriopoulou
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that infect a wide range of foods worldwide. Nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecene produced by numerous Fusarium species, has the ability to infect a variety of foods both in the field and during post-harvest handling and management. NIV is frequently found in cereal and cereal-based goods, and its strong cytotoxicity poses major concerns for both human and animal health. To address these issues, this review briefly overviews the sources, occurrence, chemistry and biosynthesis of NIV. Additionally, a brief overview of several sophisticated detection and management techniques is included, along with the implications of processing and environmental factors on the formation of NIV. This review’s main goal is to offer trustworthy and current information on NIV as a mycotoxin concern in foods, with potential mitigation measures to assure food safety and security. © 2022 by the authors.
Nutritional interventions for elderly and considerations for the development of geriatric foods
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2019) Damanpreet Kaur; Prasad Rasane; Jyoti Singh; Sawinder Kaur; Vikas Kumar; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Anirban Dey; Kajal Dhawan; Sudhir Kumar
The process of aging is characterized by numerous changes in the body which has an overall negative effect on the health and lifestyle of elderly. Nutrition deserves special attention as an individual reaches old age. It plays a vital role in affecting the quality of life, including physical, mental and social health. The physiological decline in food intake is very common among older age and this result in nutritional deficiencies. These increased nutritional deficiencies are the major risk factors for certain chronic diseases and deteriorated age related health. Thus, the adoption of nutritional intervention can be a measure to tackle the current situation of nutritional deficiencies and promote a healthy lifestyle. © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers.
Occurrence, impact on agriculture, human health, and management strategies of zearalenone in food and feed: A review
(MDPI AG, 2021) Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Sheetal Devi; Shikha Pandhi; Bharti Sharma; Kamlesh Kumar Maurya; Sadhna Mishra; Kajal Dhawan; Raman Selvakumar; Madhu Kamle; Awdhesh Kumar Mishra; Pradeep Kumar
Mycotoxins represent an assorted range of secondary fungal metabolites that extensively occur in numerous food and feed ingredients at any stage during pre- and post-harvest conditions. Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin categorized as a xenoestrogen poses structural similarity with natural estrogens that enables its binding to the estrogen receptors leading to hormonal misbalance and numerous reproductive diseases. ZEN is mainly found in crops belonging to temperate regions, primarily in maize and other cereal crops that form an important part of various food and feed. Because of the significant adverse effects of ZEN on both human and animal, there is an alarming need for effective detection, mitigation, and management strategies to assure food and feed safety and security. The present review tends to provide an updated overview of the different sources, occurrence and biosynthetic mechanisms of ZEN in various food and feed. It also provides insight to its harmful effects on human health and agriculture along with its effective detection, management, and control strategies. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.
Ochratoxins in food and feed: Occurrence and its impact on human health and management strategies
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Pradeep Kumar; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Bharti Sharma; Rituraj Borah; Shafiul Haque; M.M. Chayan Mahmud; Ajay Kumar Shah; Deepaksshi Rawal; Himashree Bora; Sukni Bui
Ochratoxins (OTs) are a group of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. which are ubiquitous. They infect the crops during pre- and post-harvest conditions and contaminate various food and feed. Among all the OTs produced, ochratoxin A (OTA) poses serious health issues like neurotoxicity and carcinogenesis. The harmful impact of the toxins is observed in both humans and animals. The toxins get accumulated in the organs of animals through the contaminated animal-feed which further contaminate the products derived from them, such as milk and meat-based products. Therefore, sensitive and robust identification, detection, and quantification methods along with efficient management and control measures are crucial. Spectrometric and spectroscopy techniques are quite sensitive and lead to better detection of the toxin in the food products. Control and preventive measures during harvesting, storage and transportation are found to be effective in managing the production of such toxins. This review insight on the occurrence, chemistry, biosynthesis, effects on human health and agriculture, detections, management, and control strategies of ochratoxins. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Overview of Green Nanofabrication Technologies for Food Quality and Safety Applications
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Shikha Pandhi; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Arvind Kumar
Green nanotechnology has emerged as a sustainable fabrication technology that has offered tremendous frontiers in the field of food science. This review intends to provide a succinct overview of various green nanofabrication technologies including green creation of nanoparticles using biological sources explicitly from plants as natural reducing agents. In addition, the review explores various biocompatible nano delivery systems for nanoencapsulation of food ingredients for enhancing the sensorial and functional properties food products. Promising applications based on these approaches employing active and smart packaging systems, nanosensors along with functional foods for ensuring food quality and safety have been briefly outlined. Abbreviations: AgNPs: Silver nanoparticles; EOs: Essential Oils; Nm: Nanometer; NPs: Nanoparticles; NLC: Nanostructured lipid carrier; (O/W): Oil-in-water; NLC: Nanostructured lipid carrier; PHB: Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate); PVA: Polyvinyl alcohol; RFID: Radiofrequency identification; SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; SLN: Solid lipid nanoparticles; UV-Visible: Ultraviolet–visible; (W/O): Water-in-oil. © 2021 Taylor & Francis.
Patulin in food: A mycotoxin concern for human health and its management strategies
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Madhu Kamle; Bharti Sharma; Shikha Pandhi; Sheetal Devi; Kajal Dhawan; Raman Selvakumar; Diwakar Mishra; Arvind Kumar; Shalini Arora; Namita Ashish Singh; Pradeep Kumar
The mycotoxin patulin is primarily produced as a secondary metabolite by numerous fungal species and predominantly by Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, and Penicillium species. It is generally associated with fungal infected food materials. Penicillium expansum is considered the only fungal species liable for patulin contamination in pome fruits, especially in apples and apple-based products. This toxin in food poses serious health concerns and economic threat, which has aroused the need to adopt effective detection and mitigation strategies. Understanding its origin sources and biosynthetic mechanism stands essential for efficiently designing a management strategy against this fungal contamination. This review aims to present an updated outline of the sources of patulin occurrence in different foods and their biosynthetic mechanisms. It further provides information regarding the detrimental effects of patulin on human and agriculture as well as its effective detection, management, and control strategies. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Pharmacological properties, therapeutic potential, and legal status of Cannabis sativa L.: An overview
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Pradeep Kumar; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Madhu Kamle; Rituraj Borah; Bharti Sharma; Shikha Pandhi; Vijay Tripathi; Hardeo Singh Yadav; Sheetal Devi; Umesh Patil; Jianbo Xiao; Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
Marijuana, or Cannabis sativa L., is a common psychoactive plant used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. In many countries, cannabis-based medicines have been legalized under certain conditions because of their immense prospects in medicinal applications. With a comprehensive insight into the prospects and challenges associated with the pharmacological use and global trade of C. sativa, this mini-review focuses on the medicinal importance of the plant and its legal status worldwide; the pharmacological compounds and its therapeutic potential along with the underlying public health concerns and future perspective are herein discussed. The existence of major compounds including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol, cannabinol, and cannabichromene contributes to the medicinal effects of the cannabis plant. These compounds are also involved in the treatment of various types of cancer, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease displaying several mechanisms of action. Cannabis sativa is a plant with significant pharmacological potential. However, several aspects of the plant need an in-depth understanding of the drug mechanism and its interaction with other drugs. Only after addressing these health concerns, legalization of cannabis could be utilized to its full potential as a future medicine. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.