Browsing by Author "Divjot Kour"

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a potential biofertilizers for agricultural sustainability
(Open Science Publishers LLP Inc., 2022) Kumar Anand; Gaurav Kumar Pandey; Tanvir Kaur; Olivia Pericak; Collin Olson; Rajinikanth Mohan; Kriti Akansha; Ashok Yadav; Rubee Devi; Divjot Kour; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Manish Kumar; Ajar Nath Yadav
Globally, by 2050, agricultural food production will be increased to feed the growing population. To achieve the objective in sustainable manner, scientific chronicles have explores the mutualistic interaction between plant roots and rhizosphere microbiome. One of the interactions of plants roots was found with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), a rhizosphere microbiome. Biofertilization process by the mean of AMF has depicted as a beneficial alternative to chemical fertilization practices. It has been recognized for having several potential applications such as plant fertilization (phosphorus, nitrogen and other micronutrients), alleviation of biotic (protecting plants from pest and pathogens), and abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, heavy metals, low and high temperature). AMF sustainably increases the plant growth and production by establishing within the host root with the help of set of genes and fulfilling the needs of the host. At present, worldwide total 340 species of AMF has been found. In the present review, global diversity, molecular crosstalk in AMF symbiosis and their potential application in sustainable agriculture has been reviewed. © 2022 Anand, et al.
Beneficial microbiomes for bioremediation of diverse contaminated environments for environmental sustainability: present status and future challenges
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Divjot Kour; Tanvir Kaur; Rubee Devi; Ashok Yadav; Manali Singh; Divya Joshi; Jyoti Singh; Deep Chandra Suyal; Ajay Kumar; Vishnu D. Rajput; Ajar Nath Yadav; Karan Singh; Joginder Singh; Riyaz Z. Sayyed; Naveen Kumar Arora; Anil Kumar Saxena
Over the past few decades, the rapid development of agriculture and industries has resulted in contamination of the environment by diverse pollutants, including heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, plastics, and various agrochemicals. Their presence in the environment is of great concern due to their toxicity and non-biodegradable nature. Their interaction with each other and coexistence in the environment greatly influence and threaten the ecological environment and human health. Furthermore, the presence of these pollutants affects the soil quality and fertility. Physicochemical techniques are used to remediate such environments, but they are less effective and demand high costs of operation. Bioremediation is an efficient, widespread, cost-effective, and eco-friendly cleanup tool. The use of microorganisms has received significant attention as an efficient biotechnological strategy to decontaminate the environment. Bioremediation through microorganisms appears to be an economically viable and efficient approach because it poses the lowest risk to the environment. This technique utilizes the metabolic potential of microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments. Many microbial genera have been known to be involved in bioremediation, including Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Mucor, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma. Archaea, including Natrialba and Haloferax, from extreme environments have also been reported as potent bioresources for biological remediation. Thus, utilizing microbes for managing environmental pollution is promising technology, and, in fact, the microbes provide a useful podium that can be used for an enhanced bioremediation model of diverse environmental pollutants. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Biodiversity and biotechnological applications of rhizomicrobiome for agricultural, environmental and industrial sustainability
(Elsevier, 2024) Divjot Kour; Simranjeet Kaur; Tanvir Kaur; Babita Sharma; Rajeshwari Negi; Sofia Sharief Khan; Imran Sheikh; Damini Maithani; Harpreet Kour; Seema Ramniwas; Sarvesh Rustagi; Ashok Yadav; Neelam Thakur; Ajar Nath Yadav; Amrik Singh Ahluwalia
A century of incremental research along with the technological advances and need for sustainable agricultural practices, the study of beneficial rhizomicrobiomes has increased. Rhizomicrobiomes have emerged as an important and promising tool for sustainable agriculture. These plant associated microbiomes play a major role in plant growth promotion by direct and indirect mechanisms and are generally referred to as plant growth promoting microbes. Plant growth promoting microbes also act as the stress alleviators for plants by increasing the accumulation of the osmolytes, reducing the inhibitory ethylene concentrations and producing reactive oxygen species scavengers. These beneficial microbes can be applied to the plants as biofertilizers and biopesticides to reduce the use of the harmful chemicals as well as for the amelioration of abiotic stresses. The present chapter describes the functional diversity of the rhizomicrobiomes, their agricultural and environmental applications further highlighting their role in industrial sector. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Biodiversity, and biotechnological contribution of beneficial soil microbiomes for nutrient cycling, plant growth improvement and nutrient uptake
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Ajar Nath Yadav; Divjot Kour; Tanvir Kaur; Rubee Devi; Ashok Yadav; Murat Dikilitas; Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem; Amrik Singh Ahluwalia; Anil Kumar Saxena
Soil, the skin of the Earth is one of the fundamental natural resource and important component that contributes to the ecosystem. Soil performs a wide range of ecosystem services like food production, climate and water regulation, provision of energy and inhabiting various life forms. This fundamental natural resource of ecosystem is a home of diverse ranges of microbes (beneficial and pathogenic) known as soil microbiome, which are grouped into three domains i.e. archaea, bacteria, eukarya (fungi, algae and nematodes) of life. Diversity of soil microbiome varies with environment and their existence. They exist in bulk soil as well as root influenced soil. Soil microbes also show their existence in the different extreme environments. The microbial genera such as Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Exiguobacterium, Flavobacterium, Herbaspirillum, Methylobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Serratia and Staphylococcus have been reported as predominant in all the different conditions of soil. All the different groups of microbes present in the soil naturally plays a several significant roles like nutrients cycling, recycling of ground water, maintenance of soil fertility, decomposition of organic matter and formation of fossil fuels. As their role in environment these microbes may have several applications and can be used as in agriculture as plant protector and plant growth enhancer. Soil microbes can also be used in the environment for pollutants remediation and decomposition purposes. Present review deals with the biodiversity of beneficial soil microbiomes and their potential biotechnological contribution for nutrient cycling, plant growth improvement and nutrient uptake. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Biodiversity, mechanisms, and potential biotechnological applications of minerals solubilizing extremophilic microbes: A review
(Open Science Publishers LLP Inc., 2024) Rubee Devi; Tanvir Kaur; Rajeshwari Negi; Babita Sharma; Sohini Chowdhury; Monit Kapoor; Sangram Singh; Sarvesh Rustagi; Sheikh Shreaz; Pankaj Kumar Rai; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Ashok Yadav; Divjot Kour; Ajar Nath Yadav
The earth’s surface consists of arid, semi-arid, and hyper-arid lands, where life is profoundly challenged by harsh conditions such as temperature fluctuations, water scarcity, high levels of solar radiations, and soil salinity. The harsh environmental conditions pose serious consequences on plant survival, growth, and productivity accessibility of nutrients reduces. To cope with the harsh environments and increase plant productivity, an extremophilic microbe has attracted agriculturists and environmentalists. The extremophilic microbes, adapted to extreme environmental conditions, offer an unexploited reservoir for biofertilizers, which could provide various forms of nutrients and alleviate the stress caused by the abiotic factors in an environment friendly manner. Worldwide, minerals solubilizing extremophilic microbes are distributed in various hotspots and belong to three domains of life including, archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. The minerals solubilizing extremophilic microbes belongs to diverse phyla, namely, Ascomycota, Actinobacteria, Basidiomycota, Bacteroidetes, Crenarchaeota, Deinococcus-Thermus, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Mineral solubilizing extremophilic microbes achieve the mineral solubilization of phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and selenium by secreting special compounds such as organic acid, exopolysaccharides, and different enzymes. Consequently, extremophilic microbes are becoming increasingly important in agriculture, industries and environmental biotechnology as well, paving the way for novel sequencing technologies and “metaomics” methods, including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics. The extremophilic microbial diversity and their biotechnological application in agriculture and industrial applications will be a milestone for future needs. The present review deals with biodiversity, mechanisms and potential biotechnological applications of minerals solubilizing extremophilic microbes. © 2024 Rubee Devi, et al.
Bioformulation of mineral solubilizing microbes as novel microbial consortium for the growth promotion of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under the controlled and natural conditions
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Rubee Devi; Tanvir Kaur; Rajeshwari Negi; Divjot Kour; Sanjeev Kumar; Ashok Yadav; Sangram Singh; Kundan Kumar Chaubey; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Sheikh Shreaz; Ajar Nath Yadav
Microbes are a worthwhile organism of the earth that could be formulated as consortium which can be utilized as biofertilizers. Consortium-based bioinoculants or biofertilizers are superior to single strain-based inoculants for sustainable agricultural productivity and increased micronutrient content in yield. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of beneficial bacteria that are more effective than single-based bioinoculants. The current work focuses on the isolation of rhizospheric microorganisms from various cereals and pseudocereal crops and the development of a single inoculum as well as a bacterial consortium which were evaluated on wheat crop. A total 214 rhizospheric bacteria were sorted out and, screened for mineral solubilizing attributes i.e., phosphorus, potassium, zinc and selenium solubilization. Among all the bacterial isolates, four potential strains exhibiting P, K, Zn and Se-solubilizing attributes were identified with the help of 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Rahnella aquatilis EU-A3Rb1, Erwinia aphidicola EU-A2RNL1, Brevibacillus brevis EU-C3SK2, and Bacillus mycoides EU-WRSe4, respectively. The identified strains formulated as a consortium which were found to improve the plant growth and physiological parameters in comparison to single culture inoculants and control. To the best of our knowledge, the present investigation is the first report that has developed the consortium from bacterial strains Rahnella aquatilis EU-A3Rb1, Erwinia aphidicola EU-A2RNL1, Brevibacillus brevis EU-C3SK2, and Bacillus mycoides EU-WRSe4. A combination of bacterial strains could be used as liquid inoculants for cereal crops growing in mountainous regions. © 2024
Bioprospecting of endophytic bacteria from the indian himalayas and their role in plant growth promotion of maize (Zea mays l.)
(Open Science Publishers LLP Inc., 2021) Kusam Lata Rana; Divjot Kour; Tanvir Kaur; Rubee Devi; Ashok Yadav; Ajar Nath Yadav
Endophytes are the hidden companions of inner plant tissues with the ability to undergo various plant growth mechanisms to benefit their host. Looking at the endophytic microbes’ benefits, a total of 67 putative endophytic bacteria were isolated using different nutrient growth media from three diverse maize genotypes grown at Baru Sahib the “Valley of Divine Peace” Himachal Pradesh. Out of the 67, 10 endophytic bacterial isolates were selected for further characterization on the basis of plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes. Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) solubilization was observed in about 25% of the bacterial isolates. Additionally, bacterial endophytes’ ability to undergo mechanisms like nitrogenase activity, production of indole acetic acids, and siderophores was also studied. Among the 10 selected bacterial strains, three efficient endophytic PGP strains EU-A2SK1, EU-M4ARAct, and EU-E1RT3-1 were identified as Pseudomonas brenneri, Ewingella americana, and Pantoea agglomerans, respectively. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to know the taxonomical affiliations of selected bacterial strains. These three efficient endophytic bacterial strains were tested on the maize seeds. The isolates efficiently increased the shoot length and enhanced anthocyanin, chlorophyll content, physiological available iron, and total protein content when compared to untreated control maize plants at 60 days of maize plant growth. These bacterial strains, as single or in a consortium, could be useful as bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. © 2021 Rana, et al.
Drought adaptive microbes as bioinoculants for the horticultural crops
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Divjot Kour; Sofia Shareif Khan; Tanvir Kaur; Harpreet Kour; Gagandeep Singh; Ashok Yadav; Ajar Nath Yadav
Drought stress is among the most destructive stresses for agricultural productivity. It interferes with normal metabolic activities of the plants resulting, a negative impact on physiology and morphology of the plants. The management of drought stress requires various adaptive and alleviation strategies in which stress adaptive microbiomes are exquisite bioresources for plant growth and alleviation of drought stress. Diverse drought adaptive microbes belonging to genera Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium and Streptomyces have been reported worldwide. These bioresources exhibit a wide range of mechanisms such as helping plant in nutrient acquisition, producing growth regulators, lowering the levels of stress ethylene, increasing the concentration of osmolytes, and preventing oxidative damage under water deficit environmental conditions. Horticulture is one of the potential agricultural sectors to speed up the economy, poverty and generation of employment for livelihood. The applications of drought adaptive plant growth promoting (PGP) microbes as biofertilizers and biopesticides for horticulture is a potential strategy to improve the productivity and protection of horticultural crops from abiotic and biotic stresses for agricultural sustainability. © 2022
Effect of indigenous mineral availing microbial consortia and cattle manure combination for growth of maize (Zea mays L.)
(Springer, 2024) Rubee Devi; Marwa Fadhil Alsaffar; Duraid K.A. AL-Taey; Sanjeev Kumar; Rajeshwari Negi; Babita Sharma; Sangram Singh; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Sarvesh Rustagi; Ashok Yadav; Tanvir Kaur; Divjot Kour; Ajar Nath Yadav; Amrik Singh Ahluwalia
Plant growth promoting bacterial strains were used as bioinoculants on cereal crops to improve plant growth and plant productivity. Crop responses to inoculation are complex because bacteria are not compatible with each other. Therefore, it is necessary to increase our understanding of the microbial ecology of crop rhizosphere under various agricultural techniques. In tropical agriculture, cattle manure is used as an organic fertilizer to increase soil fertility, however use of microbes as consortium have found as sustainable method for the enhancement of crops productivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three potential plant growth-promoting rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains EU-C3ST.R1, IARI-JR-44, and IARI-S-45 and organic fertilizers (cattle manure) individually and as consortia on maize (Zea mays L.) under both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. A total of 123 bacterial strains were sorted out and screened for nitrogen fixation, phosphorus, and potassium solubilization. The potential N2-fixing; P and K solubilizing bacterial strains were identified using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas sp. EU-C3ST.R1, Micrococcus indicus IARI-JR-44, and Bacillus horikoshii IARI-S-45 respectively. The inoculation of these three strains on maize as microbial consortium and individual inoculum significantly increased the growth characteristic including height and biomass of the plants, as well as physiological characteristics i.e., chlorophyll, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and total soluble sugar content of the plant with respect to chemical fertilizers, cattle manure, and untreated control plant. The consortia were found to be more effective with respect to individual inoculants, cattle manure, and uninoculated control plants, so it can be utilized as biofertilizers for inoculation of cereal crops growing in hilly regions. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Plant Research 2024.
Endophytic fungal communities and their biotechnological implications for agro-environmental sustainability
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Ajar Nath Yadav; Divjot Kour; Tanvir Kaur; Rubee Devi; Ashok Yadav
Endophytic fungal communities have attracted a great attention to chemists, ecologists, and microbiologists as a treasure trove of biological resource. Endophytic fungi play incredible roles in the ecosystem including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, eco-adaptation, enhancing growth and development, and maintaining the health of their host. In recent times, endophytic fungi have drawn a special focus owing to their indispensable diversity, unique distribution, and unparalleled metabolic pathways. The endophytic fungal communities belong to three phyla, namely Mucoromycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota with seven predominant classes Agaricomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Mortierellomycotina, Mucoromycotina, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes. In a review of a huge number of research finding, it was found that endophytic fungal communities of genera Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Fusarium, Gaeumannomyces, Metarhizium, Microsphaeropsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Piriformospora, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Verticillium, and Xylaria have been sorted out and well characterized for diverse biotechnological applications for future development. Furthermore, these communities are remarkable source of novel bioactive compounds with amazing biological activity for use in agriculture, food, and pharmaceutical industry. Endophytes are endowed with a broad range of structurally unique bioactive natural products, including alkaloids, benzopyranones, chinones, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and quinines. Subsequently, there is still an excellent opportunity to explore novel compounds from endophytic fungi among numerous plants inhabiting different niches. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing could be a tool to study interaction between plants and endophytic fungi which may provide further opportunities to reveal unknown functions of endophytic fungal communities. The present review deals with the biodiversity of endophytic fungal communities and their biotechnological implications for agro-environmental sustainability. © 2022, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.
Endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Untapped treasurer for agricultural sustainability
(Open Science Publishers LLP Inc., 2023) Kusam Lata Rana; Divjot Kour; Tanvir Kaur; Rajeshwari Negi; Rubee Devi; Neelam Yadav; Pankaj Kumar Rai; Sangram Singh; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Ashok Yadav; R.Z. Sayyed; Ajar Nath Yadav
Nitrogen (N) is one of the vital elements required for proper growth and development of plants. In the earth’s atmosphere, N is available in the form of nitrogen gas (N2) and mostly plants utilize N in the form nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium ion (NH4+) which are fixed through the biological process known as N2 fixation. As N is one of the elements most likely to be limiting to plant growth, this phenomenon provides an alternative to the implementations of chemical fertilizers as source of nutrients which have resulted in the ammonia volatilization, leading to significant impact on global warming in the atmosphere which, further, diverts the focus of scientist to find out eco-friendly technology. Globally, the demand for introducing eco-friendly practices for improving sustainable agriculture productivity has been increased. Since long time, microbes play an important role in providing pollution-free environment. Endophytic microbes being present inside the specific tissues of plants mostly empower in the growth of plants. The endophytic nitrogen-fixing microbe has been well characterized from leguminous as well non-legume crops. Endophytic bacteria belong to different phyla such as Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The predominant N2-fixing endophytic Burkholderia, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Bacillus, Frankia, Enterobacter, and Azospirillum have been reported from different host plant. Nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria has a wide variety of application for maintaining growth of plant, crop yield, and health of soil for sustainable agriculture. The present review focuses on major developments on biodiversity of N-fixing endophytic microbiomes and their role for plant growth promotion and soil health for agroenvironmental sustainability. © 2023 Kusam Lata Rana, et al.
Fungi as an unseen heritage and wealth: Conclusion and future challenges
(Elsevier, 2024) Ajar Nath Yadav; Tanvir Kaur; Rubee Devi; Rajeshwari Negi; Divjot Kour; Ashok Yadav; Ait Bessai Sylia; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Elhafid Nabti; Neelam Yadav; Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem; Amrik Singh Ahluwalia
Endophytic fungi are largely recognized for their wide range of applications. They are known to be associated with a wide range of plants, both land- and water-based. Endophytic fungi residing inside plant tissues are very diverse and belong to phyla such as Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota. Endophytic fungi are a key source of natural compounds such as enzymes, secondary metabolites, and bioactive compounds, and these have several applications in human health as well as the agricultural and industrial sectors. Fungal endophytes are also utilized as bioinoculants to promote plant growth. Fungal endophytes show different plant growth-promoting abilities such as the solubilization of minerals as well as the production of phytohormones, siderophores, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide that alleviate stress caused by nutrient depletion as well as environmental factors such as drought, salinity, flooding, and heavy metals. Endophytic fungi also play a pivotal role as biocontrol agents that help control pests and pathogens attacking various plants. In this chapter, their biodiversity, roles, and applications in various sectors are discussed in detail. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.
Himalayan Microbiomes for Agro-environmental Sustainability: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges
(Springer, 2022) Deep Chandra Suyal; Divya Joshi; Saurabh Kumar; Pankaj Bhatt; Arun Narayan; Krishna Giri; Manali Singh; Ravindra Soni; Rakshak Kumar; Ashok Yadav; Rubee Devi; Tanvir Kaur; Divjot Kour; Ajar Nath Yadav
The Himalayas are one of the most mystical, yet least studied terrains of the world. One of Earth’s greatest multifaceted and diverse montane ecosystems is also one of the thirty-four global biodiversity hotspots of the world. These are supposed to have been uplifted about 60–70 million years ago and support, distinct environments, physiography, a variety of orogeny, and great biological diversity (plants, animals, and microbes). Microbes are the pioneer colonizer of the Himalayas that are involved in various bio-geological cycles and play various significant roles. The applications of Himalayan microbiomes inhabiting in lesser to greater Himalayas have been recognized. The researchers explored the applications of indigenous microbiomes in both agricultural and environmental sectors. In agriculture, microbiomes from Himalayan regions have been suggested as better biofertilizers and biopesticides for the crops growing at low temperature and mountainous areas as they help in the alleviation of cold stress and other biotic stresses. Along with alleviation of low temperature, Himalayan microbes also have the capability to enhance plant growth by availing the soluble form of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and iron. These microbes have been recognized for producing plant growth regulators (abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, and gibberellins). These microbes have been reported for bioremediating the diverse pollutants (pesticides, heavy metals, and xenobiotics) for environmental sustainability. In the current perspectives, present review provides a detailed discussion on the ecology, biodiversity, and adaptive features of the native Himalayan microbiomes in view to achieve agro-environmental sustainability. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Microbe-mediated remediation of dyes: Current status and future challenges
(Open Science Publishers LLP Inc., 2023) Kriti Akansha; Tanvir Kaur; Ashok Yadav; Divjot Kour; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Sangram Singh; Shashank Mishra; Lalit Kumar; Kanika Miglani; Karan Singh; Ajar Nath Yadav
An array of industrial dyes most often azo dyes (–N=N–) deployed for different staining purposes, consequently impacting the environment significantly. The increasing pace of dye production often produces enormous wastewater from textile processing. After processing steps, dyes concentration remains left in expelled wastewater, consequently causing water pollution, and triggers negative toxicological impacts. However, remediation or decolorization is necessitating minimizing its negative consequences. Improper treatment of dye-containing waste waters triggers pollution of soil, water bodies, and so on. Numerous biological, physical, and chemical approaches for dye degradation and wastewater decolorization have been established. However, the high cost and practical feasibility of such methodologies remain obstacles in dye-containing wastewater. Microbial-assisted remediation is predominantly resilient to transforming dye compounds and reducing toxicity from water matrices in the ability to cope and provide cost-effective and efficient solutions. To cover the literature gap, and highlighting recent update information on dye remediation, we outlined different azo dyes, and their remediation deploying different physicochemical and microbial-mediated systems. In addition, recent advances in dye degradation, together with concluding remarks and future perspectives, have been pointed out. © 2023 Kriti Akansha, et al.
Microbes Mediated Nutrient Dynamics for Plant Growth Promotion: Current Research and Future Challenges
(Springer, 2024) Rubee Devi; Tanvir Kaur; Rajeshwari Negi; Babita Sharma; Sanjeev Kumar; Sangram Singh; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Sarvesh Rustagi; Ashok Yadav; Anu Kumar; Divjot Kour; Ajar Nath Yadav
On earth, soil is one of the most essential parts of nature which plays critical roles in plant growth, water flow, waste products recycling and provides habitats to various organisms. Soil is the combination of organic matter, air, water minerals, and sixteen different essential nutrient elements which are categorized into primary macronutrients, secondary macronutrients, and micronutrients. The nutrients elements present in soil either in organic forms or organic forms interchanged by the various microbial mechanisms such including fixation, chelation and solubilization. The microbes from all three domain i.e., archaea, bacteria, and eukarya have been reported for exhibiting the various mechanisms and strain belonging to genera Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Natrinema, and Serratia are widely known for ruling the nutrients dynamics. The microbes playing role in nutrients dynamics, have great economic importance in agriculture sector as agriculturist is in pressure of producing high quality and quantity of food along with managing the sustainability. These microbes could solve agricultural problems such as soil degradation and environmental pollution by using them as bio-fertilizer over chemical-based products. A huge number of reports have supported such statements so, the purpose of the present review aims to complies microbial role in all category nutrients dynamics and their role in plant growth promotion. © Association of Microbiologists of India 2024.
Microbes-mediated alleviation of heavy metal stress in crops: Current research and future challenges
(Open Science Publishers LLP Inc., 2022) Rubee Devi; Tanvir Kaur; Divjot Kour; Macie Hricovec; Rajinikanth Mohan; Neelam Yadav; Pankaj Kumar Rai; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Ashok Yadav; Manish Kumar; Ajar Nath Yadav
Heavy metals (HMs) pollute the environment on a global scale and have different harmful effect on ecosystem. Outstripping accumulation of diverse toxic HMs in soils has altered the diversity, structure and function of microflora, degraded soils, reduces growth and yield of plant, and entered the food chain. HM treatment is necessary for maintaining the agricultural soil health. Many procedures and approaches have been used to recover contaminated soils in recent time, however, most of them were too pricey not environmentally friendly, and negatively affected soil properties. Usage of microbes was found as cost affective and ecofriendly approach for bioremediation of HMs. Microbes increased sustainability in agriculture soil health, which is essential to uninterrupted plant growth or improvement in stress full condition through mechanism likes productions phytohormones, organic acids, biosurfactants, exopolymers, antioxidant enzymes; and solubilization of phosphorus. It is well known that plant growth-promoting microbes enhance crop productivity and plant resistance to HM stress. In this following review, deep insight have has provided on mechanism of alleviation of HM stress by microbes and enhancement of plant growth promotion. © 2022 Devi, et al.
Minerals solubilizing and mobilizing microbiomes: A sustainable approach for managing minerals’ deficiency in agricultural soil
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Rubee Devi; Tanvir Kaur; Divjot Kour; Ashok Yadav; Ajar Nath Yadav; Archna Suman; Amrik Singh Ahluwalia; Anil Kumar Saxena
Agriculture faces challenges to fulfil the rising food demand due to shortage of arable land and various environmental stressors. Traditional farming technologies help in fulfilling food demand but they are harmful to humans and environmental sustainability. The food production along with agro-environmental sustainability could be achieved by encouraging farmers to use agro-environmental sustainable products such as biofertilizers and biopesticides consisting of live microbes or plant extract instead of chemical-based inputs. The eco-friendly formulations play a significant role in plant growth promotion, crop yield and repairing degraded soil texture and fertility sustainably. Mineral solubilizing microbes that provide vital nutrients like phosphorus, potassium, zinc and selenium are essential for plant growth and development and could be developed as biofertilizers. These microbes could be plant associated (rhizospheric, endophytic and phyllospheric) or inhabit the bulk soil and diverse extreme habitats. Mineral solubilizing microbes from soil, extreme environments, surface and internal parts of the plant belong to diverse phyla such as Ascomycota, Actinobacteria, Basidiomycota, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Mucoromycota, Proteobacteria and Tenericutes. Mineral solubilizing microbes (MSMs) directly or indirectly stimulate plant growth and development either by releasing plant growth regulators; solubilizing phosphorus, potassium, zinc, selenium and silicon; biological nitrogen fixation and production of siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, hydrolytic enzymes and bioactive compound/secondary metabolites. Biofertilizer developed using mineral solubilizing microbes is an eco-friendly solution to the sustainable food production system in many countries worldwide. The present review deals with the biodiversity of mineral solubilizing microbes, and potential roles in crop improvement and soil well-being for agricultural sustainability. © 2022 Society for Applied Microbiology.
Plant endophytes: unveiling hidden applications toward agro-environment sustainability
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Rajeshwari Negi; Babita Sharma; Sanjeev Kumar; Kundan Kumar Chaubey; Tanvir Kaur; Rubee Devi; Ashok Yadav; Divjot Kour; Ajar Nath Yadav
Endophytic microbes are plant-associated microorganisms that reside in the interior tissue of plants without causing damage to the host plant. Endophytic microbes can boost the availability of nutrient for plant by using a variety of mechanisms such as fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, and producing siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and phytohormones that help plant for growth and protection against various abiotic and biotic stresses. The microbial endophytes have attained the mechanism of producing various hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, amylase, gelatinase, and bioactive compounds for plant growth promotion and protection. The efficient plant growth promoting endophytic microbes could be used as an alternative of chemical fertilizers for agro-environmental sustainability. Endophytic microbes belong to different phyla including Euryarchaeota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The most pre-dominant group of bacteria belongs to Proteobacteria including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Proteobacteria. The least diversity of the endophytic microbes have been revealed from Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, and Acidobacteria. Among reported genera, Achromobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Herbaspirillum, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Rhizobium, and Streptomyces were dominant in most host plants. The present review deals with plant endophytic diversity, mechanisms of plant growth promotion, protection, and their role for agro-environmental sustainability. In the future, application of endophytic microbes have potential role in enhancement of crop productivity and maintaining the soil health in sustainable manner. © Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. 2023.
Plant growth promoting soil microbiomes and their potential implications for agricultural and environmental sustainability
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Tanvir Kaur; Rubee Devi; Divjot Kour; Ashok Yadav; Ajar Nath Yadav; Murat Dikilitas; Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem; Amrik Singh Ahluwalia; Anil Kumar Saxena
Soil microbial diversity is very important part of ecosystem as it plays a significant role in biogeochemical cycles. Currently, health of environment has been depleted due to growing population of the world and human activities like industrialization, overexploitation of chemical based products in agriculture and urbanization. These problems are now being of major concern of the environmentalist and to fix these problems has become an emergence. Soil microbiomes have been recognized as a potent tool for the sustainable agriculture and environment. Such microbes exhibit hidden talent to overcome the environmental related problem like pollution and soil degradation. In agriculture, soil microbiomes can be used as a biofertilizers over the chemical based products. Soil microbes help in reclamation of soil fertility, alleviation of diverse abiotic stresses, and nutrients stress that help in plant growth and development. Soil microbes help plant for growth via direct mechanisms for enhancing plant growth directly in a sustainable way like solubilization of nutrients (P, K, and Zn), fixation of nitrogen and chelation of iron as well as via indirectly by controlling pathogen growth and alleviating abiotic stress. In environment, beneficial soil microbiomes help in the degradation of environment pollutants like chemical pesticides and industrial waste by enzymatic actions and biosorption techniques. Present review deals with the diversity of soil microbiomes and their role in plant growth promotion and remediation of diverse environmental pollutants for agro-environmental sustainability. © 2021, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences.
Plant growth promotion of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by potassium solubilizing bacteria with multifarious plant growth promoting attributes
(Horizon e-Publishing Group, 2021) Tanvir Kaur; Rubee Devi; Divjot Kour; Ashok Yadav; Ajar Nath Yadav
Potassium (K) is the foremost macronutrients for growth of plant, soil health and fertility. The huge application of NPK chemical fertilizers negatively impacts the economy and is a threat to environmental sustainability. The rapid depletion of K mineral in soil is due to the application of agrochemicals agricultural fields for the production of crops in India. In present investigation, K-solubilizing microbes (KSM) were isolated and enumerated from cereal crops growing in Sirmour Himachal Pradesh. A total 125 bacteria were isolated and screened for K- solubilization on Aleksandrov agar plates and found that 31 bacterial strains exhibited K-solubilization. These 31 K-solubilizing strains of bacteria were additionally screened for other plant growth promoting (PGP) potential including solubilization of minerals, production of siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide and indole acetic acids. The performance of an efficient K-solubilizer was evaluated for plant growth promoting ability in pot assay under in vitro conditions. The strain EU-LWNA-25 positively influenced shoot length, fresh weight, carotenoids and total sugar content than the full dose, half dose and control. The strain enhancing physiological and growth parameters was identified by BLASTn analysis as Pseudomonas gessardii EU-LWNA-25. K-solubilizing plant growth promoting bacteria could be suitable bioinoculants for Rabi seasonal crops and overcomes the challenges of sustainable agriculture in K-deficient soil. © The Author(s).