Browsing by Author "Divya Mishra"

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Biosynthesis and Bioapplications of Nanomaterials from Mushroom Products
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Sachchida Nand Rai; Divya Mishra; Payal Singh; Mohan P. Singh; Emanuel Vamanu; Alexandru Petre
The production of nanoparticles (NPs) from chemical and physical synthesis has ended due to the in-volvement of toxic byproducts and harsh analytical conditions. Innovation and research in nanoparticle synthesis are derived from biomaterials that have gained attention due to their novel features, such as ease of synthe-sis, low-cost, eco-friendly approach, and high water solubility. Nanoparticles obtained through macrofungi in-volve several mushroom species, i.e., Pleurotus spp., Ganoderma spp., Lentinus spp., and Agaricus bisporus. It is well-known that macrofungi possess high nutritional, antimicrobial, anti-cancerous, and immune-modulatory properties. Nanoparticle synthesis via medicinal and edible mushrooms is a striking research field, as macrofun-gi act as an eco-friendly biofilm that secretes essential enzymes to reduce metal ions. The mushroom-isolated nanoparticles exhibit longer shelf life, higher stability, and increased biological activities. The synthesis mechanisms are still unknown; evidence suggests that fungal flavones and reductases have a significant role. Several macrofungi have been utilized for metal synthesis (such as Ag, Au, Pt, Fe) and non-metal nanoparticles (Cd, Se, etc.). These nanoparticles have found significant applications in advancing industrial and bio-medical ven-tures. A complete understanding of the synthesis mechanism will help optimize the synthesis protocols and control the shape and size of nanoparticles. This review highlights various aspects of NP production via mush-rooms, including its synthesis from mycelium and the fruiting body of macrofungi. Also, we discuss the applications of different technologies in NP high-scale production via mushrooms. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
Computational Approaches to Designing Antiviral Drugs against COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Mohan P. Singh; Nidhi Singh; Divya Mishra; Saba Ehsan; Vivek K. Chaturvedi; Anupriya Chaudhary; Veer Singh; Emanuel Vamanu
The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 necessitates innovative strategies for the rapid development of effective treatments. Computational methodologies, such as molecular modelling, molecular dynamics simulations, and artificial intelligence, have emerged as indispensable tools in the drug discovery process. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of these computational approaches and their application in the design of antiviral agents for COVID-19. Starting with an examination of ligand-based and structure-based drug discovery, the review has delved into the intricate ways through which molecular modelling can accelerate the identification of potential therapies. Additionally, the investigation extends to phytochemicals sourced from nature, which have shown promise as potential antiviral agents. Noteworthy compounds, including gallic acid, naringin, hesperidin, Tinospora cordifolia, curcumin, nimbin, azadironic acid, nimbionone, nimbionol, and nimocinol, have exhibited high affinity for COVID-19 Mpro and favourable binding energy profiles compared to current drugs. Although these compounds hold potential, their further validation through in vitro and in vivo experimentation is imperative. Throughout this exploration, the review has emphasized the pivotal role of computational biologists, bioinformaticians, and biotechnologists in driving rapid advancements in clinical research and therapeutic development. By combining state-of-the-art computational techniques with insights from structural and molecular biology, the search for potent antiviral agents has been accelerated. The collaboration between these disciplines holds immense promise in addressing the transmissibility and virulence of SARS-CoV-2. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
Exploring the Paradox of COVID-19 in Neurological Complications with Emphasis on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease
(Hindawi Limited, 2022) Sachchida Nand Rai; Neeraj Tiwari; Payal Singh; Anurag Kumar Singh; Divya Mishra; Mohd. Imran; Snigdha Singh; Etrat Hooshmandi; Emanuel Vamanu; Santosh K. Singh; Mohan P. Singh
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a human coronavirus (HCoV) that has created a pandemic situation worldwide as COVID-19. This virus can invade human cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor-based mechanisms, affecting the human respiratory tract. However, several reports of neurological symptoms suggest a neuroinvasive development of coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 can damage the brain via several routes, along with direct neural cell infection with the coronavirus. The chronic inflammatory reactions surge the brain with proinflammatory elements, damaging the neural cells, causing brain ischemia associated with other health issues. SARS-CoV-2 exhibited neuropsychiatric and neurological manifestations, including cognitive impairment, depression, dizziness, delirium, and disturbed sleep. These symptoms show nervous tissue damage that enhances the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders and aids dementia. SARS-CoV-2 has been seen in brain necropsy and isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients. The associated inflammatory reaction in some COVID-19 patients has increased proinflammatory cytokines, which have been investigated as a prognostic factor. Therefore, the immunogenic changes observed in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's patients include their pathogenetic role. Inflammatory events have been an important pathophysiological feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The neuroinflammation observed in AD has exacerbated the Aβ burden and tau hyperphosphorylation. The resident microglia and other immune cells are responsible for the enhanced burden of Aβ and subsequently mediate tau phosphorylation and ultimately disease progression. Similarly, neuroinflammation also plays a key role in the progression of PD. Several studies have demonstrated an interplay between neuroinflammation and pathogenic mechanisms of PD. The dynamic proinflammation stage guides the accumulation of α-synuclein and neurodegenerative progression. Besides, few viruses may have a role as stimulators and generate a cross-autoimmune response for α-synuclein. Hence, neurological complications in patients suffering from COVID-19 cannot be ruled out. In this review article, our primary focus is on discussing the neuroinvasive effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its impact on the blood-brain barrier, and ultimately its impact on the people affected with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. © 2022 Sachchida Nand Rai et al.
In Silico Insight to Identify Potential Inhibitors of BUB1B from Mushroom Bioactive Compounds to Prevent Breast Cancer Metastasis
(IMR Press Limited, 2023) Divya Mishra; Ashish Mishra; Sachchidanand Rai; Santosh Kumar Singh; Emanuel Vamanu; Mohan P. Singh
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women worldwide, and its metastasis is a significant cause of mortality. Therefore, identifying potential inhibitors of proteins involved in breast cancer metastasis is crucial for developing effective therapies. BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BUB1B) is a key regulator of mitotic checkpoint control, which ensures the proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Dysregulation of BUB1B has been linked to a variety of human diseases, including breast cancer. Overexpression of BUB1B has been observed in various cancer types, and its inhibition has been shown to induce cancer cell death. Additionally, BUB1B inhibition has been suggested as a potential strategy for overcoming resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Given the importance of BUB1B in regulating cell division and its potential as a therapeutic target, the development of BUB1B inhibitors has been the focus of intense research efforts. Despite these efforts, few small molecule inhibitors of BUB1B have been identified, highlighting the need for further research in this area. In this study, the authors aimed to identify potential inhibitors of BUB1B from mushroom bioactive compounds using computational methods, which could ultimately lead to the development of new treatments for breast cancer metastasis. Methods: This study has incorporated 70 bioactive compounds (handpicked through literature mining) of distinct mushrooms that were considered and explored to identify a suitable drug candidate. Their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties were obtained to predict the drug-likeness of these 70 mushroom compounds based on Lipinski's rule of 5 (RO5). Screening these bioactive compounds and subsequent molecular docking against BUB1B provided compounds with the best conformation-based binding affinity. The best two complexes, i.e., BUB1B-lepitaprocerin D and BUB1B-peptidoglycan, were subjected to molecular dynamic simulations. Both complexes were assessed for their affinity, stability, and flexibility in proteinligand complex systems. Results: The molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies revealed that lepitaprocerin D has an energetically favorable binding affinity with BUB1B. Results showed that the formation of a hydrogen bond between residues ASN123 and SER157, and lepitaprocerin D had strengthened the affinity of lepitaprocerin D with BUB1B. Conclusions: This study identified lepitaprocerin D as a potential and novel inhibitor for BUB1B that could be a plausible drug candidate for identifying and controlling the spread of breast cancer metastasis. © 2023 The Author(s).
Parenting with Common Mental Disorders: Effects on Offspring
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Divya Mishra; Arundhati Kar; Mona Srivastava
Common mental disorders (CMDs), encompassing conditions such as depression and anxiety, exert profound effects on parental behavior and parental dynamics. Despite a prevalence of 5.1% in India, there is a limited research on CMDs in parents and their implications on their parenting. This review aimed to explore the impact of parental CMDs on their parenting style and its impact on their children and identify the research gaps. A systematic search from January 2014 to January 2024 focused on parents with depression and anxiety disorders (CMDs). Studies focusing on the impact of parenting on children of parents having CMDs and those prioritizing parenting impacts were undertaken. After exclusion and inclusion, 11 studies underwent thematic analysis. Varied parental responses to mental illness emerged. Paternal behaviors affected child anxiety and family conflicts. Children’s mental health in turn worsened parental mental health, causing a vicious cycle. Parenting styles significantly shaped children’s psychosocial development. CMDs profoundly influence parenting behaviors and childhood outcomes. Expanding research is crucial to implement effective support strategies and fostering better outcomes through improved parental mental health. © 2025 Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry.
Sheath blight and drought stress management in rice (Oryza sativa) through Trichoderma spp.
(Springer, 2020) Divya Mishra; Rahul Singh Rajput; Najam Waris Zaidi; H.B. Singh
Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is a major rice diseases worldwide, and cause up to 50% yield losses depending upon its severity. Native biocontrol agents were isolated from rice rhizospheric soil of different region and NADEP compost. Fourteen strains of Trichoderma were isolated and screened in vitro against Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight of rice through dual culture technique. Among all tested isolates under in vitro conditions Trichoderma BHU-11, T-4 and BHU-8 showed the maximum inhibition for Rhizoctonia solani (71.48%, 67.28% and 63.89%, respectively). These strains of Trichoderma were also taken for checking drought tolerance in rice crop. Trichoderma strains when applied as seed + root dip treatment showed reduction of disease incidence. It also acted as plant growth promoter and increased the number of tillers/hill, plant height and yield of the crop. Trichoderma alters the drought response including drought avoidance through different morpho-physiological and biochemical adaptations, and enhanced drought recovery. The root colonization by Trichoderma increased the growth of roots and plant productivity. Biochemical studies showed the ability of Trichoderma BHU-11, T-4 and BHU-8 to produce high level phenol and proline contents in Trichoderma treated stress challenged plants and higher accumulation of chlorophyll in Trichoderma treated plants. © 2019, Indian Phytopathological Society.
Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, Matrix Metalloproteinase-7, and Serine Protease Inhibitor E1: Implications in preserving lung vascular endothelial integrity and immune modulation in COVID-19
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Vibha Mishra; Shivangi Agrawal; Divya Malik; Divya Mishra; Bhavya Bhavya; Ekta Pathak; Rajeev Kumar Mishra
Background: SARS-CoV-2 disrupts lung vascular endothelial integrity, contributing to severe COVID-19 complications. However, the molecular mechanisms driving endothelial dysfunction remain underexplored, and targeted therapeutic strategies are lacking. Objective: This study investigates Naringenin-7-O-glucoside (N7G) as a multi-target therapeutic candidate for modulating vascular integrity and immune response by inhibiting MMP1, MMP7, and SERPINE1—key regulators of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and inflammation. Methods & results: RNA-seq analysis of COVID-19 lung tissues identified 17 upregulated N7G targets, including MMP1, MMP7, and SERPINE1, with the latter exhibiting the highest expression. PPI network analysis linked these targets to ECM degradation, IL-17, HIF-1, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways, and endothelial dysfunction. Disease enrichment associated these genes with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. Molecular docking, 200 ns MD simulations (triplicate), and MMGBSA calculations confirmed N7G's stable binding affinity to MMP1, MMP7, and SERPINE1. Immune profiling revealed increased neutrophils and activated CD4+ T cells, alongside reduced mast cells, NK cells, and naïve B cells, indicating immune dysregulation. Correlation analysis linked MMP1, MMP7, and SERPINE1 to distinct immune cell populations, supporting N7G's immunomodulatory role. Conclusion: These findings suggest that N7G exhibits multi-target therapeutic potential by modulating vascular integrity, ECM remodeling, and immune dysregulation, positioning it as a promising candidate for mitigating COVID-19-associated endothelial dysfunction. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Therapeutic applications of mushrooms and their biomolecules along with a glimpse of in silico approach in neurodegenerative diseases
(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2021) Sachchida Nand Rai; Divya Mishra; Payal Singh; Emanuel Vamanu; M.P. Singh
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a common neurological pathology that determines a progressive deterioration of the brain or the nervous system. For treating NDs, comprehensive and alternative medicines have attracted scientific researchers' attention recently. Edible mushrooms are essential for preventing several age-based neuronal dysfunctions such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Mushroom such as Grifola frondosa, Lignosus rhinocerotis, Hericium erinaceus, may improve cognitive functions. It has also been reported that edible mushrooms (basidiocarps/mycelia extracts or isolated bioactive compounds) may reduce beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Medicinal mushrooms are being used for novel and natural compounds that help modulate immune responses and possess anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant properties. Compounds such as polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, polysaccharides, and metal chelating agents are validated in different ND treatments. This review aims to assess mushrooms' role and their biomolecules utilization for treating different kinds of NDs. The action mechanisms, presented here, including reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and modulation of acetylcholinesterase activity, protecting neurons or stimulation, and regulating neurotrophins synthesis. We also provide background about neurodegenerative diseases and in-silico techniques of the drug research. High costs associated with experiments and current ethical law imply efficient alternatives with limited cost value. In silico approaches provide an alternative method with low cost that has been successfully implemented to cure ND disorders in recent days. We also describe the applications of computational procedures such as molecular docking, virtual high-throughput screening, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, quantum-mechanical methods for drug design. They were reported against various targets in NDs. © 2021
Therapeutic Potential of Vital Transcription Factors in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease With Particular Emphasis on Transcription Factor EB Mediated Autophagy
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Sachchida Nand Rai; Neeraj Tiwari; Payal Singh; Divya Mishra; Anurag Kumar Singh; Etrat Hooshmandi; Emanuel Vamanu; Mohan P. Singh
Autophagy is an important cellular self-digestion and recycling pathway that helps in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation at various steps of the autophagic and endolysosomal pathway has been reported in several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington disease (HD) and is cited as a critically important feature for central nervous system (CNS) proteostasis. Recently, another molecular target, namely transcription factor EB (TFEB) has been explored globally to treat neurodegenerative disorders. This TFEB, is a key regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis pathway. Multiple research studies suggested therapeutic potential by targeting TFEB to treat human diseases involving autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction, especially neurodegenerative disorders. A common observation involving all neurodegenerative disorders is their poor efficacy in clearing and recycle toxic aggregated proteins and damaged cellular organelles due to impairment in the autophagy pathway. This dysfunction in autophagy characterized by the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates leads to a progressive loss in structural integrity/functionality of neurons and may even result in neuronal death. In recent years TFEB, a key regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, has received considerable attention. It has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in numerous neurodegenerative disorders like AD and PD. In various neurobiology studies involving animal models, TFEB has been found to ameliorate neurotoxicity and rescue neurodegeneration. Since TFEB is a master transcriptional regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis pathway and plays a crucial role in defining autophagy activation. Studies have been done to understand the mechanisms for TFEB dysfunction, which may yield insights into how TFEB might be targeted and used for the therapeutic strategy to develop a treatment process with extensive application to neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we explore the role of different transcription factor-based targeted therapy by some natural compounds for AD and PD with special emphasis on TFEB. Copyright © 2021 Rai, Tiwari, Singh, Mishra, Singh, Hooshmandi, Vamanu and Singh.