Browsing by Author "G. Basana Gowda"

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Advances in Insect Resistance Breeding against Brown Planthopper and Gall Midge in Rice
(Springer Nature, 2022) Aishwarya Ray; G. Basana Gowda; Naveen Kumar B. Patil; Guru Pirasanna Pandi; Totan Adak; Haramohan Pradhan; Srinivasa Narayana; Prakash Chandra Rath
There is always a silent war ongoing between the plants and the insects, and during the long run, the insects emerge triumphant. Time and tide the pest management tactics such as chemical usage although manage the pest to a certain level but they also sometimes hamper the natural enemies that bring down the pest population. Indiscriminate usage of insecticides also results in developing adaptation to the particular toxic compound. Similar is the case of host plant resistance. Their adaptation is rapid, thus leading to the breakdown of resistance. Hence, there is a need to incorporate the molecular and the genetic tools that will confer resistance against inexorable pest. The molecular approach such as subduing of serotonin biosynthesis and instigating the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in cereal crops such as rice affects the feeding behavior of the insects triggering a defense response. Similarly in gall midge, 11 R (Gm1 to Gm11) genes and seven distinct biotypes have been characterized in the tropics like India. Breeding programs for gall midge resistance have shown promise due to monogenic nature of resistance. These advances in rice genetics have opened new avenues for the development of genetically engineered plants a stable pest management approach. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Molecular Insights into Wing Polymorphism and Migration Patterns of rice Planthoppers
(Springer Nature, 2022) Saniya Tyagi; Srinivasa Narayana; Rajendra Nath Singh; G. Basana Gowda
Planthoppers are major plant pests in several cultivated ecosystems worldwide. In most situations, like the rice ecosystems in Asia, they represent a complex of cryptic species. They inflict direct as well as indirect damage on rice by serving as disease-causing virus vectors. Planthoppers are seasonal migrants, of which economically important pests, such as Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, and Laodelphax striatellus, show wing dimorphism. Long-winged morphs are suitable for long-distance migration, while short-winged morphs for local colonization. The wing polyphenism is regulated by environmental cues, host plant nutrition, and other abiotic factors. Juvenile hormone, miRNA, insulin receptors pathway, and 20-hydroxy ecdysone form an autoregulatory feedback loop to regulate wing polyphenism in N. lugens. In India and other countries in Southeast Asia, rice planthoppers are seasonal migrants from south to north. Specifically, Indochinese peninsular region is the main source of N. lugens migratory population to temperate part of China and most probably to Japan. Similarly, the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) is the source of migratory population of S. furcifera to Yunan province of China. Migratory pathways of planthoppers have been elucidated efficiently with nuclear (simple sequence repeats, single nucleotide polymorphism) markers, mitochondrial (MtCo1) markers, and recently with more powerful whole-genome sequencing by evaluating genetic structure of different populations. Understanding migratory behavior of planthoppers will help in developing effective pest management strategies. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.