Browsing by Author "Garima Yadav"

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Advantageous features of plant growth-promoting microorganisms to improve plant growth in difficult conditions
(Elsevier, 2023) Mukesh Meena; Garima Yadav; Priyankaraj Sonigra; Adhishree Nagda; Tushar Mehta; Prashant Swapnil; Avinash Marwal; Andleeb Zehra
Microbes play a fundamental role in plant growth and development. The valuable microbes, also known as plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) belong to different groups such as fungi, bacteria, and archaea which are connected with plants in rhizospheric, epiphytic, and endophytic forms. These microorganisms display a group of function to promote plant growth such as phytohormone (auxin and gibberellin) production enhancement, siderophore production, micronutrient solubilization (P, K, Fe, and Zn), N2 fixation, antibiotic production, etc. Apart from growth promotion, PGPMs also confer stress and disease tolerance to plants for controlled agricultural production in harsh environmental conditions. PGPMs have the capability to induce systemic resistance (ISR) in crops against pathogen attack. To date, a huge number of microbial species have been documented for their plant growth-promoting ability. Generally, crops fail to provide adequate concentration of micronutrients in the human diet and cause micronutrient malnutrition and severe health complications. Considering all these points, PGPMs are utilized as biofertilizers to increase vigor and the nutrient value of crop plants at varied habitats. The present chapter is intended to focus the ability of PGPMs to perk up the plant growth in difficult conditions. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Determination of ec50 of cd and evaluation of growth and biochemical response of palak plants (beta vulgaris) to different cd treatments
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, 2021) Garima Yadav; Supriya Tiwari
This study was designed to evaluate the growth, biochemical response and Cd accumulation pattern of Palak (Beta vulgaris), variety of All green H1 plants for a range of Cd treatments [control (0), 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 50 mg/L) at two sampling stages, 25 days after germination (25 DAG) and 50 DAG. The present research also quantified the EC50 value of Cd for 50% biomass inhibition in palak plants. Increasing Cd concentration had pessimistic effects on growth and biomass. Plant height, biomass, total leaf area and yield decreased significantly on increasing Cd treatment at the two sampling stages (p<0.05). EC50 for biomass reduction was found to be 27.42 mg/L. Total phenols, thiols and MDA content elevated on increasing Cd concentration. Photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a and b reduced significantly by 50.81% and 48.88%, respectively at highest 50 mg/L Cd treatment. A significant interaction (p<0.05) of Cd treatment × plant age was found on Cd content analysis at the two sampling stages, Cd content increased with increasing treatment duration. © 2021 Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.
Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Mukesh Meena; Andleeb Zehra; Prashant Swapnil; Harish; Avinash Marwal; Garima Yadav; Priyankaraj Sonigra
Nanotechnology has become a very advanced and popular form of technology with huge potentials. Nanotechnology has been very well explored in the fields of electronics, automobiles, construction, medicine, and cosmetics, but the exploration of nanotecnology’s use in agriculture is still limited. Due to climate change, each year around 40% of crops face abiotic and biotic stress; with the global demand for food increasing, nanotechnology is seen as the best method to mitigate challenges in disease management in crops by reducing the use of chemical inputs such as herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides. The use of these toxic chemicals is potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Therefore, using NPs as fungicides/ bactericides or as nanofertilizers, due to their small size and high surface area with high reactivity, reduces the problems in plant disease management. There are several methods that have been used to synthesize NPs, such as physical and chemical methods. Specially, we need ecofriendly and nontoxic methods for the synthesis of NPs. Some biological organisms like plants, algae, yeast, bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi have emerged as superlative candidates for the biological synthesis of NPs (also considered as green synthesis). Among these biological methods, endophytic microorganisms have been widely used to synthesize NPs with low metallic ions, which opens a new possibility on the edge of biological nanotechnology. In this review, we will have discussed the different methods of synthesis of NPs, such as top-down, bottom-up, and green synthesis (specially including endophytic microorganisms) methods, their mechanisms, different forms of NPs, such as magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs), chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs), β-d-glucan nanoparticles (GNPs), and engineered nanoparticles (quantum dots, metalloids, nonmetals, carbon nanomaterials, dendrimers, and liposomes), and their molecular approaches in various aspects. At the molecular level, nanoparticles, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and RNA-interference molecules, can also be used as molecular tools to carry genetic material during genetic engineering of plants. In plant disease management, NPs can be used as biosensors to diagnose the disease. © Copyright © 2021 Meena, Zehra, Swapnil, Harish, Marwal, Yadav and Sonigra.
Identification and characterization of chickpea genotypes for early flowering and higher seed germination through molecular markers
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Garima Yadav; Deepanshu Jayaswal; Kuldip Jayaswall; Abhishek Bhandawat; ArvindNath Singh; Jyotsana Tilgam; Abhishek Kumar Rai; Rachna Chaturvedi; Ashutosh Kumar; Sanjay Kumar; S.P. Jeevan Kumar
Background: Chickpea is the fourth most important legume crop contributing 15.42% to the total legume production and a rich source of proteins, minerals, and vitamins. Determination of genetic diversity of wild and elite cultivars coupled with early flowering and higher seed germination lines are quintessential for variety improvement. Methods and results: In the present study, we have analyzed the genetic diversity, population structure, cross-species transferability, and allelic richness in 50 chickpea collections using 23 Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. The observed parameters such as allele number varied from 3 to 16, range of allele size varied from 150 to 1600 bp and polymorphic information content (PIC) range lies in between 0.15 and 0.49. Dendrogram was constructed with ISSR marker genotypic data and classified 50 chickpea germplasms into groups I and II, where the accession P 74 − 1 is in group I and the rest are in group II. Dendrogram, Principal component analysis (PCA), dissimilarity matrix, and Bayesian model-based genetic clustering of 50 chickpea germplasms revealed that P 74 − 1 and P 1883 are very diverse chickpea accessions. Conclusion: Based on genetic diversity analysis, 15 chickpea germplasm having been screened for early flowering and higher seed germination and found that the P 1857-1 and P 3971 have early flowering and higher seed germination percentage in comparison to P 1883 and other germplasm. These agronomic traits are essential for crop improvement and imply the potential of ISSR markers in crop improvement. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Multifarious Responses of Forest Soil Microbial Community Toward Climate Change
(Springer, 2023) Mukesh Meena; Garima Yadav; Priyankaraj Sonigra; Adhishree Nagda; Tushar Mehta; Prashant Swapnil; Harish; Avinash Marwal; Sumit Kumar
Forest soils are a pressing subject of worldwide research owing to the several roles of forests such as carbon sinks. Currently, the living soil ecosystem has become dreadful as a consequence of several anthropogenic activities including climate change. Climate change continues to transform the living soil ecosystem as well as the soil microbiome of planet Earth. The majority of studies have aimed to decipher the role of forest soil bacteria and fungi to understand and predict the impact of climate change on soil microbiome community structure and their ecosystem in the environment. In forest soils, microorganisms live in diverse habitats with specific behavior, comprising bulk soil, rhizosphere, litter, and deadwood habitats, where their communities are influenced by biotic interactions and nutrient accessibility. Soil microbiome also drives multiple crucial steps in the nutrient biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur cycles). Soil microbes help in the nitrogen cycle through nitrogen fixation during the nitrogen cycle and maintain the concentration of nitrogen in the atmosphere. Soil microorganisms in forest soils respond to various effects of climate change, for instance, global warming, elevated level of CO2, drought, anthropogenic nitrogen deposition, increased precipitation, and flood. As the major burning issue of the globe, researchers are facing the major challenges to study soil microbiome. This review sheds light on the current scenario of knowledge about the effect of climate change on living soil ecosystems in various climate-sensitive soil ecosystems and the consequences for vegetation-soil-climate feedbacks. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Role of Microbial Bioagents as Elicitors in Plant Defense Regulation
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Mukesh Meena; Garima Yadav; Priyankaraj Sonigra; Adhishree Nagda; Tushar Mehta; Andleeb Zehra; Prashant Swapnil
Plants are constantly challenged by an array of potential pathogens like fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, nematodes, etc., which lead to a significant loss to plant yield. Plants commonly overcome these phytopathogens by showing resistance through plant defense mechanisms. Several general microbe elicitors allow plants to mitigate the harmful effects of pathogenic microbes by enhancing the capability of plants to identify anonymous pathogenic agents and act as surveillance systems for plants. Elicitors are small drug-like compounds released by pathogens that are composed of molecules like oligosaccharides, lipids, peptides, and proteins, and they activate various kinds of defense responses in plants. They deliver information to plants through perception and identification of signaling molecules by cell surface-localized receptors, which is followed by the triggering of signal transmission pathways that commonly induces the synthesis of active oxygen species (AOS), phytoalexin production, production of defense enzymes, and the aggregation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. This article chiefly highlights the role of microbial elicitors in improving plant defense mechanisms as well as their modes of action that have been used to boost up the plant immune system. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.