Browsing by Author "Gayatri Kumawat"

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Assessment of genetic diversity of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under water logging condition
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2020) Gayatri Kumawat; Jai Prakash Shahi; Munnesh Kumar
The screening of fifty five CIMMYT maize hybrids was carried out to estimate the genetic diversity which was evaluated undermanaged waterlogged or excess soil moisture condition, indicated presence of considerable diversity. The experiment was conducted in an alpha lattice design with two replication and phenotypic data were analyzed using fifteen agro-morphological traits. The fifty five maize single cross hybrids grouped into eight clusters based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic. Among them cluster I accommodated maximum number of inbred lines (41) followed by cluster V (8). Presence of six solitary clusters indicated larger genetic diversity. The character plant height showed highest contribution towards genetic divergence followed by number of kernel per row, ear height, number of rows per ear, grain weight per plot and 100 seed weight. Based upon the divergence studies suggesting crossing may be made between genotypes of cluster II (P3502) and V (ZH17505, ZH17507, ZH17497, ZH15567, ZH15557, ZH15564, ZH15563 and ZH15562), and the hybrid in these cluster could be used as donor parents for new double cross maize hybrid development for improving yield under water logging condition. © 2020, Indian Society of Plant Breeders.
Molecular techniques and mutation breeding approaches to genetically enrich the Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Kailash Chandra; H.S. Saritha; K. Rashmi; S. Basavaraj Teli; Subhash Chand; Gayatri Kumawat; Champa Lal Khatik; Rohit Sharma
Barley, scientifically known as Hordeum vulgare L. is the world’s one of the preponderance ancient crop which brought under human cultivation. Its importance can be assessed by the fact that the Sumerians and the Babylonians used grains of barley as currency during the ancient era. It is unavoidable in brewing and malting. Apart from this, barley is also known for its numerous medical properties since it has beta-glucans which is having the capability to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. To meet the demand of an ever-increasing population, barley production can be increased by adopting the high-yielding and climatic resilient varieties. Recently, a major emphasis in the breeding program has been given to the development of improved genotypes with the help of modern technologies to combat climate change, which has a great impact on yield reduction. Thus, to enhance and sustain barley production in the country, the development of genotypes against all cancerous factors is a prerequisite. Nonetheless, a plant breeder faces constraints in developing high-yielding varieties due to a lack of precise information about inheritance patterns and difficulties in selecting parents and further crosses. There is an urgent need to understand the perplexing information of various factors influencing barley yield potential. At the onset, vistas about barley genetic improvement were limited to conventional approaches. However, in the present era it extends to molecular approaches, and the future will be having a platform of advanced research for its improvement. Therefore, this chapter will provide information about the molecular approaches and mutation breeding in barley. © 2021 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Standard heterosis analysis in maize hybrids under water logging condition
(Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2020) Gayatri Kumawat; Jai Prakash Shahi; Munnesh Kumar; Ashok Singamsetti; Manish Kumar Choudhary; Kumari Shikha
Maize is one of the important food and forage crops with abundant natural diversity. Determination of heterosis in CIMMYT maize hybrids under water logging condition is necessary for their commercial exploitation. The synthetics and composites have contributed to maize production in India in the initial stages of maize improvement programme, of late, hybrids are playing a vital role due to their high yielding potential. Breeding of water logging tolerant maize varieties will likely boosts maize production beyond the present level. Data derived from current study were complied to determine standard heterosis and identify high yielding hybrids. Among the tested 55 maize hybrids, the maize hybrids, namely, ZH17506, ZH17496 and VH11128 produced high heterosis which indicating that these hybrids are available for commercial cultivation. Maize hybrids that perform better than the checks could be used for release as hybrid variety after re-evaluation in multi-location trials. © 2020, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.
Studies on genetic parameters, correlation and path coefficient analysis in maize (Zea mays l.) hybrids under waterlogging condition
(Range Management Society of India, 2020) Gayatri Kumawat; Jai Prakash Shahi; Manish Kumar Choudhary
The screening of fifty-five CIMMYT maize hybrids was carried out to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance as per cent of mean, correlation and path coefficient analysis of 15 characters contributing to yield per plant under excess soil moisture condition at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The experiment was conducted in an alpha lattice design with two replications, and phenotypic data were analyzed using fifteen morphological and agronomic traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for plant height, ear height, ears per plot, field weight, number of kernel rows per ear and number of kernels per row. Higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation observed in several surface roots followed by ear height and field weight suggested that selection can be effective for these traits. High heritability, coupled with high genetic advance noticed for ear height, and plant height indicated additive gene effects. Hence, simple selection could be useful for further improvement in these characters. Correlation analysis showed that yield per plant exhibited highest and positive significant correlation with the number of kernels per row followed by field weight, ear length, number of kernel rows per ear, plant height, ear per plant and ear height. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the highest positive direct effects on yield per plant were exhibited by field weight followed by the number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear, ear length and number of nodes bearing brace roots. If the selection for waterlogging tolerant genotype is made for any of these components, the improvement in yield per plant could be achieved. © 2020, Range Management Society of India. All rights reserved.