Browsing by Author "Girish Singh"

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A survey of patients visiting an Ayurvedic teaching hospital for factors influencing the decision to choose ayurveda as a health care provider
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Sanjeev Rastogi; Vandana Tiwari; Swayam Prabha Jatav; Nilendra Singh; Sonam Verma; Sharmishtha Verma; Krishna Gopal Sharma; Preeti Pandey; Girish Singh
Study Background: In a pluralistic health care delivery model, it is important to assess whether the individual's health care choices are based upon evidences of efficacy and safety. Since the essence of medical pluralism lies in the fact that all such systems are equally accessible to a seeker, in such situation, it is highly relevant to check what defines such choices in real life. Objective: To identify the factors influencing the health care choices in a subpopulation seeking Ayurveda health care in an Ayurvedic teaching hospital. Materials and Method: The study was an all-inclusive cross sectional survey, done on randomly selected out patients visiting an Ayurveda teaching hospital. The data was collected using a 21 items questionnaire refined through pilot testing from 7.9.2017 to 30.9.2017. Results: The data of 289 respondents who have given their consent were included in statistical analysis. Out of 21 variables studied for their agreement or disagreement in the study population 8 were found to have a significant proportion in favour of agreement. Among these relative safety (Item 9); disease eradicating potential (Item 14); belief (Item 3) and indirect evidences of efficacy (Item 4) were found to have high significance (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Participants chose Ayurveda treatment due to its perceived safety and probability of helping in a particular clinical condition. Contrary to the common perception, enabling factors like availability, accessibility and affordability were given less importance by the participants in making health care choices related to Ayurveda. © 2021 The Authors
Ayurveda education: Evaluating the integrative approaches of teaching Kriya Sharira (Ayurveda physiology)
(Elsevier B.V., 2013) Himanshu Joshi; Girish Singh; Kishor Patwardhan
Background: ′What is the ideal way of teaching Ayurveda?′ - has been a debated question since long. The present graduate level curriculum lists out the topics from ′contemporary medical science′ and ′Ayurveda′ discretely, placing no emphasis on integration. Most of the textbooks, too, follow the same pattern. This makes learning not only difficult, but also leads to cognitive dissonance. Objectives: To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a few integrative teaching methods. Materials and Methods: We introduced three different interventions in the subject Kriya Sharira with special reference to ′cardiovascular physiology′. The instructional methods that we evaluated were: 1. Integrative module on cardiovascular physiology (IMCP), 2. case-stimulated learning (CSL), and 3. classroom small group discussion (CSGD). In the first two experiments, we subjected the experimental group of graduate students to the integrative instructional methods. The control group of students received the instructions in a conventional, didactic, teacher-centric way. After the experiments were over, the learning outcome was assessed and compared on the basis of the test scores. The groups were crossed over thereafter and the instructional methods were interchanged. Finally, feedback was obtained on different questionnaires. In the third experiment, only student feedback was taken as we could not have a control group. Results: The test results in the first experiment showed that the integrative method is comparable with the conventional method. In the second experiment, the test results showed that the integrative method is better than the conventional method. The student feedback showed that all the three methods were perceived to be more interesting than the conventional one. Conclusion: The study shows that the development of testable integrative teaching methods is possible in the context of Ayurveda education. It also shows that students find integrative approaches more interesting than the conventional method.
Clinical Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) via Anthropometric and Biochemical Variations in Prakriti
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022) Shriti Singh; Neeraj Kumar Agrawal; Girish Singh; Sangeeta Gehlot; Santosh Kumar Singh; Rajesh Singh
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a complicated multifactorial illness involving hereditary and external environmental variables. The symptoms typically appear gradually over a number of years without realizing it. This viewpoint is further supported by the Ayurvedic constitution concept (Prakriti). Prakriti explains the biological variability that is observed in different individuals. This study was conducted a retrospective investigation to examine if there was a link between type 2 diabetes and an individual’s constitution based on anthropometric and biochemical characteristics. Physical and mental characteristics and anthropometric and biochemical markers were used to determine reported cases’ prevailing Dosha Prakriti (constitution). Based on biochemical and anthropometric data, significant differences in Prakriti were found between the case (T2DM patients) and control (person without diabetes) groups. The incidence of numerous secondary problems linked with T2DM patients was also evaluated according to their Prakriti types, which revealed a positive relationship. The three primary contributing parameters, such as waist-hip ratio, postprandial blood sugar, and serum creatinine, were correctly classified all person with or without diabetes subjects to 90.6% of the time, whereas the constitution-wise study classified person with diabetes and without diabetes individuals of Pitta and Kapha Prakriti to 94.3% and 90%, respectively. A discriminant function was created to predict a person with diabetes and without diabetes based on these three contributing factors. The primary contributing biochemical parameters discovered by Prakriti in the current study could be used as a biochemical disease diagnostic for predicting type 2 diabetes susceptibility. © 2022 by the authors.
Conventional approach of combining P-values using chi-square test: An essence of meta analysis
(2007) Girish Singh
[No abstract available]
Development, Validation, and Verification of a Self-Assessment Tool to Estimate Agnibala (Digestive Strength)
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2017) Aparna Singh; Girish Singh; Kishor Patwardhan; Sangeeta Gehlot
According to Ayurveda, the traditional system of healthcare of Indian origin, Agni is the factor responsible for digestion and metabolism. Four functional states (Agnibala) of Agni have been recognized: regular, irregular, intense, and weak. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a self-assessment tool to estimate Agnibala. The developed tool was evaluated for its reliability and validity by administering it to 300 healthy volunteers of either gender belonging to 18 to 40-year age group. Besides confirming the statistical validity and reliability, the practical utility of the newly developed tool was also evaluated by recording serum lipid parameters of all the volunteers. The results show that the lipid parameters vary significantly according to the status of Agni. The tool, therefore, may be used to screen normal population to look for possible susceptibility to certain health conditions. © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016.
Effects of two Ayurvedic formulations, Dhanwantaram Kashaya and Saraswatarishta on life history parameters and toxic aggregates in Drosophila models of Huntington's and Alzheimer's disease
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023) Swati Sharma; Girish Singh; Kishor Patwardhan
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ayurveda, the traditional healthcare system native to India, employs dosage forms containing multiple herbs in treating various clinical conditions. Dhanwantaram Kashaya (DK) and Saraswatarishta (SA) are two such formulations containing multiple herbs in varied proportions. Kashaya is a liquid decoction while Arishta is fermented liquid with permissible quantity of self-generated alcohol in it. Both the formulations have been reported to have clinical efficacy in age-related memory impairment. Other mental disorders having clinical presentations similar to psychoses are the other indications for these tested formulations. Aim of the study: The present study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of two Rasayana formulations i.e., DK and SA, used by clinicians in different neurodegenerative conditions. We tested these formulations in Alzheimer's (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD) models of Drosophila melanogaster. Materials and method: Initial experiments looking for life-history parameters in wild-type larvae were carried out in three sets with hundred larvae in each set. These parameters were also studied in diseased models in four sets with eighty larvae in each set. Aβ plaques and polyQ aggregates were looked at with the help of immunostaining technique and images were captured using confocal microscopy. Results: The results revealed that 0.25% concentration of both the formulations improve longevity in wild-type flies. Larval development and adult lifespan in Eye-GAL4>Aβ42 (AD) and GMR-GAL4>127Q (HD) larvae/flies reared on 0.25% & 0.50% DK and 0.25% & 1.00% SA improved substantially. Reduced Aβ plaques and polyQ aggregates indicate disease suppression. Conclusion: DK and SA enhanced longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. Suppression of disease aggregates suggests their potential utility in treating AD and HD. Further clinical and pharmaceutical studies are required to confirm these results, however, this is a workable model to test multi-herbal formulations of Ayurveda in the forms they are clinically used. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Efficacy and Safety of Early Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Shoulder and Arm Paresis in Patients of Acute Ischaemic Stroke—A Quasi-experimental Study
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025) Shahnawaz Ahmad; Varun Kumar Singh; Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia; Vijay Nath Mishra; Abhishek Pathak; Anand Kumar; Deepika Srivastava Joshi; Girish Singh
Background: Shoulder subluxation and shoulder pain are frequent after a stroke. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been used widely in the sub-acute and chronic stages, but its use in the early stage is infrequent. Aims and Objectives: The study’s objective is to see the effect of early neuromuscular electrical stimulation on hand function, shoulder subluxation, and shoulder pain after three months of stroke. Methods: This study included 60 acute ischaemic stroke survivors. The intervention group received early NMES with standard rehabilitation, whereas the control group only received standard rehabilitation. The assessment was done at baseline and three months follow-up. The outcome measures were the presence of a sulcus sign, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE, sub-scale A and A-D) and the Motor Activity Log (MAL) (sub-scale HOW WELL and AMOUNT). Result: The intervention group had eight patients and the control group had nine patients with shoulder subluxation at follow-up. Hand functional outcomes were significantly better in the intervention group compared to the control group, with the FMA-UE-A scores of 27 (19–36) versus 18.5 (4.7–24.75), p = .007 and FMA-UE-A-D scores of 28.5 (4–48.25) versus 7.5 (4–23.75), p = .011. The HOW WELL and AMOUNT scores also showed significant differences, with 90 (30–150) versus 30 (0–90), p = .027. The intervention group did not experience any adverse events related to NMES. Conclusion: The application of early NMES prevents shoulder subluxation and improves hand function. Randomised control trials with larger sample sizes and additional treatment sessions are needed to generalise the results. © 2025 Indian Academy of Neurosciences (IAN). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
Erratum: The Basic cardiovascular responses to postural changes, exercise, and cold pressor test: do they vary in accordance with the dual constitutional types of ayurveda? (Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2011) 2011 (1))
(2011) Kishor Patwardhan; Piyush Kumar Tripathi; Girish Singh
[No abstract available]
Evaluating the impact of a pragmatic nutrition awareness program for expectant mothers upon birth weight of the newborn
(2011) Sanjeev Rastogi; Ranjana Rastogi; Devesh Rastogi; Rajiv Rastogi; Girish Singh; Francesco Chiappelli
Poor maternal nutritional status and substandard antenatal care, which result in increased women's risk, low birth weight and stillbirth, afflict many countries with weak or emerging economies even today. Studies that address the effect of extending nutrition awareness among pregnant women to the net outcome of pregnancy remain scarce. We aimed to compare and contrast the effect of a pragmatic nutrition awareness program for expectant mothers (NAPEM) on birth weight of the newborn with a control group who received no such nutrition awareness activity. The effect of variables of mode of newborn delivery, associated complications at birth, and APGAR score of the newborn were also assessed. A pragmatic intervention trial of an antenatal care (ANC) program that consisted in nutrition awareness was conducted involving 53 pregnant women. Awareness was given through one-to-one interview and through informational literature provided to the participants in the local language. A hospital registry for deliveries undertaken during the study period was screened for identification of variables. A control group of matched pregnant women (n = 53) was obtained from the same hospital registry from preceding years, when the nutrition awareness program was not executed. A statistically significant improvement in birth weight of the newborn was observed in the intervention group, where expectant mothers were made aware about desired nutrition during pregnancy. A reduced incidence of complications associated with pregnancy was also observed in the intervention group. Providing awareness about nutritional requirements during pregnancy and suggesting the pragmatic ways to meet them was shown to be one possible effective measure to deal with pregnancy-related undernutrition. We show the efficacy of the intervention for underprivileged regions of India marked by inadequate health care delivery and lower socio-economical standards. We discuss our findings in the context of available evidence-based guidelines. Copyright © 2011 Sanjeev Rastogi et al.
Introducing Hybrid Problem-Based Learning Modules in Ayurveda Education: Results of an Exploratory Study
(Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 2020) Varsha Raghunath More; Girish Singh; Kishor Patwardhan
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a well-known student-centered instructional approach that is known to enhance problem-solving skills among the learners. Because teaching/learning methods in most of the Ayurveda colleges in India are still didactic and teacher centric, the effects of introducing PBL have not yet been evaluated. The primary objective of this study was to develop PBL modules for Kriya Sharira (Ayurveda Physiology) and their implementation in a hybrid format. In this method, PBL is used as an add-on component along with didactic lectures. The secondary objective of the study was to compare the learning outcomes achieved through hybrid problem-based learning (HPBL) with those achieved through conventional teaching. Design: This is a prospectively planned post-test-only, controlled interventional design with nonequivalent groups. However, the results have been analyzed in a retrospective manner. Subjects: Students enrolled in the first professional Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery program during two consecutive academic sessions 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at the Banaras Hindu University were included in the study. While the cohort from 2016 to 2017 session served as the control group, the one from 2017 to 2018 session served as the experimental group. Interventions: The instructional method commonly known as HPBL was introduced to the experimental group. Outcome measures: Five test papers containing mostly Multiple Choice Questions for five different topics were used as the tools for evaluating the learning outcomes in both the groups. Feedback forms regarding the experiences of undergoing HPBL were obtained from experimental group. Results: While the test results for three topics showed that the outcomes of HPBL were comparable with conventional teaching, the results on other two topics suggested that HPBL was slightly better. Feedback obtained showed that there is a considerable acceptance for HPBL over conventional method. Conclusions: The study shows that it is possible to implement HPBL method in a large classroom in the context of Ayurveda education. The findings also indicate that students find HPBL as an acceptable teaching method. © Copyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.
Molecular study of the KCNJ11 gene and its correlation with Prakriti to preventing and managing type 2 diabetes
(National Taiwan University, 2024) Shriti Singh; Sangeeta Gehlot; Neeraj Kumar Agrawal; Girish Singh; Devshree Singh; Prabhjot Kaur; Santosh Kumar Singh; Rajesh Singh
In Ayurveda, every individual is believed to possess a unique entity known as Prakriti, which distinguishes them from others physically, physiologically, and psychologically. This entity also determines an individual's response to a particular stimulus, and it is believed that such responses are not solely determined by genetics. The present research aims to validate the Ayurvedic concept of Prakriti from a modern molecular perspective to strengthen the personalized and precise treatment approach. A study was conducted to investigate the role of the KCNJ11gene in the susceptibility of individuals to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with their metabolic status. The research involved allele mining on three major Prakriti groups - Vata, Pitta, and Kapha - in 112 patients with T2DM and 112 healthy individuals. The KCNJ11 gene, responsible for insulin secretion membrane pore formation, was analyzed to determine the susceptibility of different Prakriti types to T2DM. The MutPred tool predicted the molecular cause of disease-related amino acid substitution. According to the study, only Pitta and Kapha Prakriti were diagnosed with diabetes, while all three Prakriti types were present in the control group of healthy individuals. A protein model was prepared, and the changes resulting from mutations were observed for each group in their protein sequence, both as synonymous and non-synonymous mutations. Ultimately, these changes contributed to the manifestation of T2DM. Based on the findings, it appears that Prakriti groups may experience changes in protein function due to nonsynonymous mutations and differences in amino acids at the protein level. © 2024 Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University
Neuronutrient impact of Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy in brain aging
(2008) Ram Harsh Singh; K. Narsimhamurthy; Girish Singh
Ayurveda is the oldest system of Medicine in the world, its antiquity going back to the Vedas. It adapts a unique holistic approach to the entire science of life, health and cure. The areas of special consideration in Ayurveda are geriatrics, rejuvenation, nutrition, immunology, genetics and higher consciousness. The Ayurvedic texts describe a set of rejuvenative measures to impart biological sustenance to the bodily tissues. These remedies are called Rasayana which are claimed to act as micronutrients. Some of these Rasayanas are organ and tissue specific. Those specific to brain tissue are called Medhya Rasayana. Such Rasayanas retard brain aging and help in regeneration of neural tissues besides producing antistress, adaptogenic and memory enhancing effect. In addition to the long tradition of textual and experience-based evidence for their efficacy, certain recent studies conducted on these traditional remedies on scientific parameters have shown promising results which have been reviewed in this paper for providing lead for further studies. The popular Medhya Rasayanas are Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri Linn), Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica Linn) and Sankhapuspi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois). © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.
Reassessment of aspirin sensitivity in coronary artery disease [2]
(Elsevier B.V., 2006) Girish Singh
[No abstract available]
Self reported benefits of participating in group prayer in a hospital outpatient setting: A cross-sectional observational study
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Sanjeev Rastogi; Preeti Pandey; Kiran Maurya; Sumit Kumar; Ankita Varma; Chinmayi R; Girish Singh
Background: Prayer had long been used as a tool to bring hope among patients suffering with intractable diseases. Most clinical researches conducted so far on prayer were done upon indoor patients. Effects of prayer involving patients and health care providers in a hospital outpatient setting have never been explored. Objectives: This cross sectional study aimed to observe the self-perceived changes post prayer among patients and hospital staff involved in the health care delivery and who actually have participated in the prayer sessions. Material and method: Survey was conducted with the help of a structured questionnaire on routine OP days at Ayurveda –Arthritis Treatment and Advanced Research Center, Lucknow. Patients visiting the center for OP based consultation and hospital staff who has participated in any prayer session were eligible to participate in the survey. Results: 49 hospital staff and 85 patients have participated in the survey. Among most important self-reported attributes following the prayer sessions in patients were Positive Attitude (84.70%), Optimism about cure (92.90%), Feeling of well-being (95.30%), Optimism about future (95.30%) and Changes in energy level (89.40%). Among hospital staff the important attributes were related to change in energy level (93.90%), increased empathy (93.90%), feeling of universal good (96.00%), less fatigue post prayer (69.40%), sustained effects (81.60%) and healthier feeling (81.60%). Conclusion: This observational study suggests that a simple prayer session in outpatient department may be helpful in inculcating hope and building self-esteem among patients and can bring a better self-image, efficiency and connectedness in the hospital staff. Eventually, this may help in improving the outcomes and quality of care being provided at outpatient setting at any hospital. © 2023 The Authors
The Ayurveda education in India: How well are the graduates exposed to basic clinical skills?
(2011) Kishor Patwardhan; Sangeeta Gehlot; Girish Singh; H.C.S. Rathore
"Ayurveda" is an ancient system of healthcare that is native to India. At present, in India, there are more than 240 colleges that offer a graduate-level degree (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery-BAMS) in Ayurveda. Even though the Central Council of Indian Medicine, the governing body that monitors the matters related to Ayurveda education, has imposed various educational norms and regulations, the standard of education has been a cause of concern in recent years. The mushrooming of substandard Ayurvedic colleges is the most important factor that is being held responsible for this kind of erosion in the standards. The present study is a mailed survey, which was carried out to evaluate the 33312Extent of exposure to basic clinical skills during BAMS course33313 as perceived by the sample groups of students and teachers drawn from 32 Ayurvedic educational institutions spread all over India. A methodically validated questionnaire was used as the tool in the study, to which 1022 participants responded. The study indicates that there are some serious flaws in the existing system of the graduate-level Ayurveda education. Since the Ayurvedic graduates play an important role in the primary healthcare delivery system of the country, governing bodies are required to take necessary steps to ensure the adequate exposure of the students to basic clinical skills. Along with the strict implementation of all the regulatory norms during the process of recognition of the colleges, introducing some changes in the policy model may also be required to tackle the situation. Copyright © 2011 Kishor Patwardhan et al.
The Basic cardiovascular responses to postural changes, exercise, and cold pressor test: Do they vary in accordance with the dual constitutional types of ayurveda?
(2011) Kishor Patwardhan; Piyush Kumar Tripathi; Girish Singh
According to Ayurveda, the native Indian system of healthcare, three Doshas, namely, Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, are the basic mutually reciprocal mechanisms that are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in human beings. Ayurveda classifies entire human population into seven constitutional types (Prakriti), based on the dominance of any single or a combination of two or three Doshas. Considering the fact that, in the recent past there have been several studies that have proposed some important genetic, biochemical and haematological bases for Prakriti, we conducted the present study in 90 randomly selected clinically healthy volunteers belonging to dual constitutional types (Dvandvaja Prakriti) to evaluate the variability of heart rate and arterial blood pressure in response to specific postural changes, exercise, and cold pressor test. The results of this study, in general, suggest that these basic cardiovascular responses do not vary significantly as per the dual constitutional types. However, we noted a significant fall in the diastolic blood pressure immediately after performing the isotonic exercise for five minutes, in Vata-Kapha individuals in comparison to the other two groups, namely, Pitta-Kapha and Vata-Pitta.
Weighted mean: A possible method to express overall Dhatu Sarata
(Medknow Publications, 2015) Chandar Prakash Gunawat; Girish Singh; Kishor Patwardhan; Sangeeta Gehlot
Several questions are being raised regarding the accuracy of the methods of diagnosis and reporting of various clinical parameters according to Ayurveda in recent times. Uniformity in reporting, issues related to inter-rater variability, uniformity in applying statistical tests, reliability, consistency, and validation of various tools, - are some of the major concerns that are being voiced. Dhatu Sarata is one such domain where no substantial work has been carried out to address these issues. The Sanskrit term Dhatu roughly translates as a tissue.. Sarata stands for the status of Dhatu in a given individual, i.e., it describes whether the status is excellent, moderate, or poor. In the available research literature, there are several gaps while dealing with and reporting the clinical assessment of Dhatu. Most of the workers group an individual into any one of the categories of Dhatu Sarata, and this approach neglects the contribution of other Dhatus to the overall Sarata in that individual. In this communication, we propose the usefulness of weighted mean in expressing the overall Sarata in an individual. This gives the researcher a freedom of not classifying an individual into any one group of Sarata, while also simultaneously allowing him/her to retain the focus on the status of an individual Dhatu. © 2015 Journal of Ayurveda & Integrative Medicine.