Browsing by Author "Gopal Tiwari"

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediated salt tolerance by regulating antioxidant enzyme system, photosynthetic pathways and ionic equilibrium in pea (Pisum sativum L.)
(Akademiai Kiado Rt., 2020) Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit; Kiran Rana; Gopal Tiwari; Surendra Singh Jatav
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in improving the plant tolerance to salt stress. In the present study, we investigated the influence of AM fungi inoculation on various physiological, biochemical and nutritional aspects of pea grown under salt stress. The AM fungi inoculation successfully reduced the negative effects of salinity by improving the antioxidant enzyme system, a greater accumulation of compatible organic solutes, a higher content of photosynthetic pigment and a balanced uptake of nutrients, which resulted in higher growth and yield. Seed yield was found to be significantly higher by ~ 24, 40 and 54% in T2 (Rhizoglomus intraradices), T3 (Funneliformis mosseae and R. intraradices) and T4 (Rhizoglomus fasciculatum and Gigaspora sp.), respectively, as compared to nonmycorrhizal plants. Overall, a mixed application of R fasciculatum and Gigaspora sp. was superior to other mycorrhizal treatments, which can be attributed to specific compatibility relationships or functional complementarity that exists between symbionts. © 2020, Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Abundance, Interaction with Plants and Potential Biological Applications
(Springer, 2020) Manoj Parihar; Manoj Chitara; Priyanaka Khati; Asha Kumari; Pankaj Kumar Mishra; Amitava Rakshit; Kiran Rana; Vijay Singh Meena; Ashish Kumar Singh; Mahipal Choudhary; Jaideep Kumar Bisht; Hanuman Ram; Arunava Pattanayak; Gopal Tiwari; Surendra Singh Jatav
Beneficial microbes associated with plant roots play an important role to achieve higher agriculture production for burgeoning population in sustainable way. Among various microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi interaction with higher land plants is unique as they occupy position both inside and outside of roots. AM fungi as a natural symbionts of land plants provide various ecological services, in particular by improving plant water and nutrition availability, soil health and fertility, alleviating stress condition and wasteland management. Mycorrhizae as a broader group of fungi include seven types of members, i.e. arbuscular, ecto, ectendo, arbutoid, monotropoid, ericoid and orchidaceous, while arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae are the most abundant and ubiquitous. In this chapter, we focus on AM fungi and provide an overview on mycorrhizal interaction, benefits, processes, production development and potential application domain under various conditions. Along with recent advances in AM fungi role under various stress condition, reclamation of problematic wastelands and production aspects, we also discuss about the basic features of AM fungi with past developments to provide an overall glimpse of this plant-fungal interaction. In spite of its growing trends, AM fungi’s current application and market sharing are far below to full potential. Regarding this, current challenges, constraints and strategies for future road map to overcome these problems are also discussed briefly. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Changes in Clay Mineral Composition and Soil Potassium Pools Under 50 Years of Soybean–Wheat Cropping in an Alfisol
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Harshit Aman; Amlan Kumar Ghosh; Dibyajyoti Panda; Chandni Pradhan; Prabhakar Mahapatra; Ranjan Paul; Gopal Tiwari
Background: Potassium fertilizers are imported in India, and hence, potassium fertilization is a costly input. Resource poor cultivators variably use potassium fertilization for crop production which disturbs potassium dynamics in soil impacting soil health. Aim: A long-term negative potassium balance in the cropping system can result in the release of potassium from the non-exchangeable pool, ultimately resulting in changes in clay mineralogy, amounting to chemical degradation of soil. Method: Soils from a long-term soybean–wheat cropping system receiving variable amounts of potassium fertilizers, which was in the 50th cropping cycle, were used to investigate the potassium pools and clay mineralogy. Result: There was considerable reduction in yield both in control (78.7%) and 100% NP treatments (15.95%). The negative K balance followed the order 100% NP > 100% NPK > 50% NPK > 150% NPK. To meet the potassium requirement and negative potassium balances, potassium was being released from interlayers resulting in the annual loss of non-exchangeable K up to 2.42, 1.06, 0.74, and 1.34 kg ha−1 year−1 under 100% NP, Control, 50% NPK, and 100% NPK, respectively. The 100% NP treatment showed the smallest intensity of illite followed by 100% NPK, 50% NPK, Control, and 150% NPK. The illite intensity was reduced by 41.6%, 11.7%, 8.49%, and 1.6% in the 100% NP, 100% NPK, 50% NPK, and Control treatments, respectively, compared to 150% NPK. Conclusion: The correlation studies revealed a positive association between negative balance, non-exchangeable K, and illite, supporting the hypothesis that a reduction in non-exchangeable K under negative K balances results in alterations in the clay mineralogical composition. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Development Prospective and Challenges of Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture
(Springer Nature, 2024) Shalini Singh Visen; Dinesh Jinger; Manoj Parihar; Gopal Tiwari; Rajendra Prasad Meena; Manoj Kumar Chitara; Surendra Singh Jatav
Sustainable intensification in agriculture with novel techniques proposed to achieve food security of burgeoning population across the world. Existing practices of crop production are becoming unsustainable. In this regard, nanotechnology (NT) can be a crucial driver for the imminent agri-tech revaluation which promises the sustainable food production. It offers plentiful applications in agriculture sector which include nano-fertilizers (NFs), nano-pesticides (NPs), and nano-herbicides (NHs) etc. NT helps indetermining the soil quality of different land use system and thus it sustains the soil health. Use NPs minimizes the application dose of notorious pesticides and its exposure to human beings. It also has significantly positive influences on germination, growth and development of crop plant. Before exploiting the NT, extensive research is needed to ascertain the risk and environmental issues associated with this technique. In this book chapter, we have elaborated the most promising areas and strategies for the implementation of NT in agriculture to enhance the quality of natural resources (land, water, energy) through better use efficiency of inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides). In addition, challenges and risk assessments along with future strategy are also discussed in order to present this technique more viable for sustainable agro-ecosystem. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Evaluation of various substrates for mycorrhizal inoculum production
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2022) Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit; Kiran Rana; Gopal Tiwari; Surendra Singh Jatav; Hanuman Ram
In the present study, six media were standardized to investigate their suitability for on-farm arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) production by examining their physical condition and nutrient status which could be a major determinant of AMF propagule in the final product. The experiment was conducted with Sorghum as a host plant which was inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizoglomus intraradices. Solirite alone recorded 4.66-24.66% higher root colonization than other medium while for spore density in per g of finished product, solirite and red soil mixture (106.33) was found superior followed by solirite and biochar mixture (94.33) and solirite alone (83), respectively, and lowest in soil medium (63 to 74). Moreover, spore density and root colonization were significantly and positively correlated (R2= 0.583, P<0.05) with each other. Solirite alone or mixed with other media improved water holding capacity and porosity with optimum nutrient availability which culminated in better host plant growth and ultimately higher number of AMF propagules. © 2022 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Role of AM fungi in growth promotion of high-value crops
(Elsevier, 2022) Manoj Parihar; Manoj Kumar Chitara; Hanuman Ram; Asha Kumari; Gopal Tiwari; Kiran Rana; Bisweswar Gorain; Utkarsh Kumar; Jaideep Kumar Bisht; Lakshmi Kant
In order to meet the food demands of burgeoning population, innovative and efficient management practices are required for sustainable agricultural production. The high value crops (HVCs) including vegetables, horticulture, fruit and field crops such as potato, cotton, sugarcane etc. not only strengthen the financial security of farmers but also ensure their food, fiber and nutritional availability. To improve the productivity of HVCs, use of beneficial microbial symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is very promising and eco-friendly approach. The AMF form association with most of the land plants including agricultural and HVCs. They provide numerous benefits to the plants including better availability of water and nutrients, alleviate various biotic and abiotic stresses and promote plant growth. However, AMF response in improving the plant performance depends upon several other aspects such as soil environment, AMF strains, plant genotypes, agricultural management practices etc. In this regard, future research must be towards optimization of AMF plant association, suitable inoculum production and application techniques and co-inoculation of AMF with other plant growth promoting bacteria. In the present chapter we will discuss the state-of-the-art of potential of AMF to improve the production of HVCs, its application in micro-propagation program, commercialization and future advancement for sustainable production system. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation in Mitigating Salt Stress of Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2020) Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit; Kiran Rana; Gopal Tiwari; Surendra Singh Jatav
Salinity is one of the major threats to an agriculture production system and limits crop growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a mutualistic association with majority of land plants and play important role in stress tolerance. In the present study, effect of three mycorrhizal treatments, i.e., single-species AMF (Rhizoglomus intraradices), formulated AMF (Funneliformis mosseae and R. intraradices), and multispecies AMF (Rhizoglomus fasciculatum and Gigaspora sp.) along with control (nonmycorrhizal) on growth, yield performance, and metabolic changes in pea crop under salinity stress was examined in completely randomized design with four replications. The results revealed that AMF inoculation mitigated negative effects of salinity in pea due to higher nutrient uptake, accumulation of compatible osmolytes, and lower cellular leakage of electrolyte which in turn enhanced biomass production, chlorophyll synthesis, yield, and growth attributes. Overall, consortium-based application of R. fasciculatum and Gigaspora sp. was found most suitable approach to ameliorate the salt stress in pea crop and enhanced the yield by ~11%, 24%, and 54% than single-species, multispecies, and control treatments, respectively. The variation in results under different mycorrhizal treatment might be due to specific compatibility relationships that exist between symbionts. © 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
The potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in C cycling: a review
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit; Vijay Singh Meena; Vijai Kumar Gupta; Kiran Rana; Mahipal Choudhary; Gopal Tiwari; Pankaj Kumar Mishra; Arunava Pattanayak; Jaideep Kumar Bisht; Surendra Singh Jatav; Priyanka Khati; Hanuman Singh Jatav
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) contribute predominantly to soil organic matter by creating a sink demand for plant C and distributing to below-ground hyphal biomass. The extra-radical hyphae along with glomalin-related soil protein significantly influence the soil carbon dynamics through their larger extent and turnover period need to discuss. The role of AMF is largely overlooked in terrestrial C cycling and climate change models despite their greater involvement in net primary productivity augmentation and further accumulation of this additional photosynthetic fixed C in the soil. However, this buffering mechanism against elevated CO2 condition to sequester extra C by AMF can be described only after considering their potential interaction with other microbes and associated mineral nutrients such as nitrogen cycling. In this article, we try to review the potential of AMF in C sequestration paving the way towards a better understanding of possible AMF mechanism by which C balance between biosphere and atmosphere can be moved forward in more positive direction. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.