Browsing by Author "Gyanendra Singh"

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Association of Methylenetetrahydrafolate Reductase Gene Polymorphism (MTHFR) in Patients with Gallbladder Cancer
(Humana Press Inc., 2016) Ruhi Dixit; Gyanendra Singh; Manoj Pandey; Somprakas Basu; Satyanam Kumar Bhartiya; K.K. Singh; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Purpose: 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in folate metabolism and plays a major role in DNA methylation. There are two popular MTHFR polymorphisms known as C677T and A1298C which are found to be involved in folate metabolism and lowering the enzyme activity, thus may be linked with cancer development. This study aims to look at the association of these polymorphisms in gallbladder cancer. Methods: Thirty patients each with gallbladder cancer, cholelithiasis, and normal gallbladder were genotyped for the above-given polymorphisms by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results: C677T MTHFR polymorphism was not associated (χ2 = 2.44, p = 0.85) with an increased likelihood of having gallbladder cancer. A1298C was significantly associated (χ2 = 28.87, p < 0.001) with risk of developing gallbladder cancer. A1298C was significantly correlated with grade (r = 0.337, p < 0.001) and histopathology (r = 0.446, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study proposed that MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may be associated with risk of developing gallbladder cancer, and there is no association between C677T polymorphism and gallbladder cancer. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Development of 3D Intelligent Quantitative Phase Microscope for Sickle Cells Screening
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Sautami Basu; Gyanendra Singh; Ravinder Agarwal; Vishal Srivastava
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder causing red blood cells to deform into a sickle shape, often leading to misdiagnosis. Early detection is crucial, but traditional screening is slow and labor-intensive. This paper introduces an intelligent microscope system for automated SCD screening, reducing manual intervention. The system uses an interferometric method to capture high-resolution 3D phase images, combined with a deep learning-based UNET model for semantic segmentation of sickle and healthy cells. Various machine-learning models classify RBCs, with the Gradient boosting model achieving 94.9% accuracy. The system is scalable, user-friendly, and well suited for resource-limited settings, offering a faster, more reliable diagnostic tool. This innovation not only improves SCD detection but also sets the stage for AI-driven haematological diagnostics. Future advancements will enhance system robustness and undergo extensive clinical validation. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
EFFECT OF STRATEGIC SUPPLEMENTATION OF A NOVEL FEED SUPPLEMENT ON ZOO-TECHNICAL ATTRIBUTES, METABOLIC PROFILE, PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF BUFFALOES
(Kasetsart University, 2024) Sandeep Kumar Chaudhary; Narayan Dutta; Sunil Ekanath Jadhav; Gyanendra Singh; Sanjay Kumar Singh; Dharmesh Tewari
The present experiment aimed to establish the efficacy of a novel feed supplement (NFS) on nutrient intake, energy status, metabolic profile, milk yield, reproductive performance and its socio-economic impact on problematic postpartum buffaloes under field condition. Twenty-four post-partum buffaloes were randomly and equally assigned to CON and NFS groups for 120 days of experimental feeding period. The animals in CON group were fed on basal roughages and concentrate mixture 20% of DMI as per the farmers’ practices, whereas buffaloes in NFS group were fed according to CON with additional novel feed supplement 0.25% of BW. The voluntary feed intake and average daily gain in body weight were increased in NFS than CON group. The buffaloes fed NFS diet exhibited higher Hb, haematocrit, serum glucose and lower NEFA. Serum minerals (Ca, iP, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn), metabolic hormones (T3, T4, GH, IGF-1) and total antioxidant capacity were enhanced in NFS group. The milk yield and conception rate were also improved significantly following strategic supplementation of NFS. Analyses of cost benefit of milk yield revelled that the benefit-cost ratio was improved in NFS fed buffaloes. Thus, it can be concluded that strategic supplementation the novel feed supplement 0.25% of BW significantly improved the nutrient intake, energy balance, metabolic profile, milk yield and reproduction performance of problematic buffaloes under field condition during early post-partum period. © 2024, Kasetsart University. All rights reserved.
Formulation Development, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Topical Hydrogel Formulation of Econazole Nitrate-Loaded β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Shivansh Srivastava; Alok Mahor; Gyanendra Singh; Kuldeep Bansal; Prem Prakash Singh; Rishikesh Gupta; Rohit Dutt; Amer M. Alanazi; Azmat Ali Khan; Prashant Kesharwani
Econazole nitrate, an antifungal drug used in the handling of skin ailments, is commercially not efficient as these ailments typically require a more elevated concentration of the drug to offer an effective pharmacological retort. Like so, it is proposed to assess the effectiveness of the topical hydrogel of econazole-loaded nanosponge in the management of skin ailment(s). Econazole nitrate-laden β-cyclodextrin nanosponges were developed by employing the melt method using β-cyclodextrin as the organic polymer and N,N-carbonyldiimidazole as the crosslinker. The critical factors disturbing the quality of the formulation were uniquely identified by the Ishikawa diagram, and they were optimized by the statistical experiment design concept. β-cyclodextrin loaded nanosponges were uniquely designed using the Placket-Burman approach and optimized utilizing the Box-Behnken method. The optimized nanosponges (EN-CDN) were 421.37 ± 6.19 nm in size with an entrapment efficiency of 70.13% ± 5.73%. The topical hydrogel of nanosponges (EN-TG) was prepared using carbopol 934 and pyrrolidone as permeation enhancers. In vitro skin permeation studies affirmed the improved transport crosswise the goatskin for topical hydrogel in comparison to the marketed product. EN-TG was able to control the fungal infection in the selected animal model in comparison to the marketed preparation. Stability studies reported favorably that nanogel remained stable under normal and accelerated settings. © 2021 American Pharmacists Association
Immunogenetic study of diabetes mellitus in relation to HLA DQ and DR
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Gyanendra Singh; Usha Singh; S. Singh
Introduction: Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) which is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes is diagnosed mainly during childhood and accounts for approximately 5%-10% of all cases of DM. In India, early onset diabetes (<15 years age) constitutes about 1%-4% of the total diabetic population. The insulitis as well as to a humoral (B cell) response with production of antibodies to IAA, GAD, and the protein tyrosine phosphatase IA2 (IA-2AA) is the main pathogenesis of T1DM. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and DQ contributes approximately 40%-50% of the inherited susceptibility for T1DM and most frequently involved haplotypes are DRB1∗0301-DQB1∗0201, DRB1∗0301-DQA1∗0501-DQB1∗0201, and DRB1∗0401-DQB1∗0302. Method and Material: Total 70 cases of DM in age group of 10 years to 65 years and 25 healthy controls of same age group 30 cases of complicated diabetic mellitus were included in the study. 2 mL blood was taken in an EDTA vial for HLA typing and 5 mL blood was taken in a plain vial for anti-GAD antibody. HLA DQB1 and DRB1 were done by sequence specific priming polymerase chain reaction method. Indirect immunofluorescent test was used for anti-GAD antibody. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version-16. Results: Total 40.9% cases of type-I DM were found seropositive for anti-GAD antibody. None of the cases of type-II DM was anti-GAD antibody positive. HLA DRB1∗03010 were significantly more in diabetic patient (P < 0.011) as compared to control. DRB1∗O403/6 shows that a relative risk of 1.08 was slightly more frequent in DM cases as compared to the control. DQB1∗0201 was significantly high (P < 0.004) in DM patient as compared to control with a relative risk of 1.68. Correlation of DR, DQ antigen with types of DM showed that in type-I DM, DRB1∗03010 was significantly high (P = 0.009) with a relative risk of 2.78 as compared type-II DM. In DQ typing, DQB1∗0201 was significantly high in type-I DM in comparison to type-II DM (65% vs. 30%, P = 0.026, RR = 2.05). Comparison of DQB1 in type-I DM with healthy control showed that DQB1∗0201 was significantly high in type-I DM as compared to healthy control (P = 0.0003, RR = 3.09). In type-I DM patient's homozygosity at DRB1∗03010, DRB1∗03010 was significantly high as compared to the control (P < 0.047, RR = 2.33). Correlation of anti-GAD antibody with DRB1 and DQB1 showed that 77.7% anti-GAD antibody positive cases were DRB1∗03010 positive. Similarly, in DQB1 typing, 66.6% anti-GAD positive cases have DQB1∗0201. Conclusion: Prevalence of anti-GAD antibody in Indian population was found up to 45%. HLA DRB1∗3010 and HLA DQB1∗0201 were the most susceptible haplotypes for type-I DM. HLA DRB1∗14 and HLA DRB1∗15 were the protective haplotypes for type-I DM. Susceptibility to type-I DM increases when the homozygosity for DRB1∗03010 was present. Diagnosis of type-I DM by anti-GAD antibody was possible in only 40.9% cases but if DRB1 and DQB1 typing is added in the diagnosis then diagnostic efficacy increases up to 83%. © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Novel Feed Supplement Improved Metabolic Hormones, Antioxidant Activity, Immune Response and Gene Expression in Postpartum Cows
(Indian journals, 2024) Sandeep K. Chaudhary; Narayan Dutta; Sunil E. Jadhav; Gyanendra Singh; Sanjay K. Singh; Dharmesh Tewari
This study was taken up to assess the efficacy of a customized novel feed supplement on circulating concentration of metabolic hormones, antioxidant activity, immune response and expression of immune related cytokines and genes involved in energy metabolism in early postpartum dairy cows. Postpartum crossbred lactating cows (N=12) were equally and randomly allocated to CON (control) and NFS (Novel Feed Supplement) groups. The cattle in CON group were fed on green fodder and wheat straw-based diet with concentrate mixture, whereas, cattle in NFS group were fed according to CON group with additional novel feed supplement @ 0.25% of BW. The feeding trials was continued from 60 days post-partum to 150 days lactation period (total experimental period was 90 days). Circulating concentration of T3, T4, GH and IGF-1 hormones were significantly (P<0.05) increased in NFS than CON group. The cows fed NFS diet exhibited significantly (P<0.001) enhanced antioxidant activity than their counterpart fed CON diet. Cell mediated immune response and fold expression of immune related cytokines were significantly (P<0.05) improved in NFS fed cows implicating an improved immune response. The fold expression of LEP gene was higher (P<0.001) and GHRL gene was lower (P<0.001) in NFS than CON groups. Thus, it can be concluded that, dietary inclusion of the novel feed supplement @ 0.25% of BW significantly improved the circulating concentration of metabolic hormones, antioxidant activity, immunity and overall health of lactating crossbred cattle during early lactation period. © 2024, Indian journals. All rights reserved.
Prevalence of autoantibodies and HLA DR, DQ in type 1 diabetes mellitus
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2016) Shailja Singh; Usha; Gyanendra Singh; Neeraj Kumar Agrawal; Rana Gopal Singh; Shashi Bhushan Kumar
Introduction: Type I diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is caused by autoimmune destruction of β-cells of pancreas. Two forms of T1DM are known called as 1A (autoimmune) and 1B (idiopathic). Aim: Aim was to study the prevalence of Anti-TTG IgA, Anti-TPO, GADA, ZnT8 and IA-2 autoantibodies and HLA DR and DQ genes and its diagnostic value in T1DM.Materials and Methods: Thirty four T1DM patients, 59 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and 28 healthy controls were included in study. Antibodies levels were estimated by ELISA and HLA typing was performed by SSP-PCR method.Result: The prevalence of various autoantibodies in T1DM were Anti-TTG 14.7%, Anti-TPO 17.65%, GADA 38.23%, ZnT8 11.76% and IA-2 5.88%. Only GADA and ZnT8 were significantly positive in T1DM. GADA (66.67%) and ZnT8 (33.33%) positivity was more in patients below 15 years age while levels of other antibodies were higher after 15 years age. All autoantibodies were detected in higher frequency in T1DM than in T2DM and controls.HLA DR and DQ typing showed highly significant increase in DRB1*0301 (61.76%, p=0.00) and DQB1*0201 (64.71%, p=0.00) in T1DM. Subjects with HLA DRB1*0301 and DQB1*0201 had 80-100% positive prevalence of GADA, ZnT8, IA-2, Anti-TTG and Anti-TPO autoantibodies.Conclusion: Combination of GADA antibody with DRB1 and DQB1 estimation improved diagnosis of T1A than insulin antigen specific antibodies alone. © 2016, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
RENAL BIOPSY PATTERN IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH CLINICAL PARAMETERS
(Educational Autonomous Non-Profit Organization Nephrology, 2023) Gyanendra Singh; Bitan Naik; Usha Singh; Anjali Modi; Rushang Dave
BACKGROUND. Diabetic nephropathy is a condition marked by persistent proteinuria, hypertension, and a progressive loss of renal function. End-stage kidney disease needing continuous renal replacement treatment is now primarily caused by diabetes. According to Kimmelstiel and Wilson, the hallmark lesion of diabetic nephropathy is nodular glomerulosclerosis. Diabetic nephropathy or Nondiabetic renal disease, or the coexistence of both can be seen in renal histopathology and in differentiating between these diagnostic groups can have an impact on patient care and prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Total of 21 cases of Diabetic nephropathy were included in the study. Clinical details and laboratory parameters like diastolic blood pressure, creatinine level, 24 hrs urinary protein level and HbA1C% were recorded in pretested performa in all cases. The biopsy specimens were stained with hematoxylin & eosin and special stains. RESULTS. Among the total DM cases only 21 patients have done renal biopsy, 11 cases (52.3 %) showed KW lesion (Class III) while 06 cases (28.5 %) showed diffuse diabetic glomerulosclerosis (Class IV). The remaining 04 cases (19 %) showed a mild increase in mesangial matrix and slight thickening of glomerular basement membrane (Class II). When compared with clinical parameters, they were more raised in Nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis type (Class III) lesion as compared to diffuse diabetic glomerulosclerosis. CONCLUSION. Nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis was the most common lesion in renal biopsy of type II diabetes mellitus patients. This KW lesion is responsible for more severe clinical and biochemical renal abnormality in most patients with type II diabetes mellitus. © 2023 The authors.
Research Trends in Non-Bovine Milk: Key Areas, Advancement, and Challenges
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Prajasattak Kanetkar; Shiva Bakshi; Gyanendra Singh; V. K. Paswan; Rajendra Panta; Mahendra Ola
Bovine milk makes up a larger proportion of the human diet than non-bovine milk. Non-bovine animals have an important part in the rural socioeconomic framework. Non-bovine milk’s gross composition is virtually identical to bovine milk, with an exception of donkey milk, which contains lower fat and protein whereas higher lactose content. Their milk provides various health advantages since it contains vital fatty acids, certain important amino acids, micronutrients, low protein allergy, and a variety of bioactive substances. Multiple medical and therapeutic capabilities assist in marketing them as “functional foods” in order to attract customers. Non-bovine milk has the potential to benefit human health; yet, there is a gap in knowledge about microbiota, its importance for milk quality and safety, making future research difficult. So, this review focuses on the composition (major and minor), and their nutritive and functional properties. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Screening of Sickle Cells Using Intelligent Microscope
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Vishal Srivastava; Sautami Basu; Gyanendra Singh
Sickle cell disease (SCD) poses a foremost global health challenge, especially in developing countries where misdiagnosis is common. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing its high mortality rates. To enhance diagnosis, we've created an automated SCD screening system utilizing deep learning. Our method involves two networks that enhance low-resolution microscope images and accurately identify sickle cells. In blind tests, we achieved an impressive accuracy of 96.7%. This costeffective, precise microscope stands as a valuable tool for identifying SCD and addressing blood disorders in resource-constrained areas. © 2023 IEEE.
Wheat grain yield and stability assessed through regional trials in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia
(2007) Ram C. Sharma; G. Ortiz-Ferrara; J. Crossa; M.R. Bhatta; M.A. Sufian; J. Shoran; A.K. Joshi; R. Chand; Gyanendra Singh; R. Ortiz
Improving the level and stability of grain yield is the primary objective of wheat breeding programs in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia. A regional wheat trial, the Eastern Gangetic Plains Yield Trial (EGPYT), was initiated by CIMMYT in collaboration with national wheat research programs in Bangladesh, Nepal, and India in 1999-2000 to identify wheat genotypes with high and stable grain yield, disease resistance, and superior agronomic traits for the EGP region. A set of 21 wheat experimental genotypes selected from a regional wheat screening nursery in South Asia, three improved widely grown cultivars (Kanchan, PBW343 and Bhrikuti), and one long-term cultivar (Sonalika) were tested at 9-11 sites in six wheat growing seasons (2000-2005) in the EGP. The 21 experimental genotypes were different in each year, whereas the four check cultivars were common. In each year, one or more of the experimental genotypes showed high and stable grain yield and acceptable maturity, plant height, and disease resistance compared to the check cultivars. Three improved cultivars have already been commercially released in the region through EGPYT and many germplasm lines have been used in the breeding programs as parents. Identification of wheat genotypes with high-grain yield in individual sites and high and stable yield across the EGP region underlines their value for regional wheat breeding programs attempting to improve grain yield and agronomic performance. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.