Browsing by Author "H.D. Khanna"

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A study of oxidative stress in leukaemia
(2002) R. Tandon; D. Behl; R. Khanna; H.D. Khanna
Free radicals produce persistent oxidative stress in biological system. Free radicals result in lipid peroxidation by attacking nucleic acids, proteins and membrane lipids. Lipid hydroperoxides decompose to form a variety of products including malondialdehyde (MOA) which is a stable product of lipid peroxidation. To determine the presence of oxidative stress in leukaemic patients, 56 proven cases of leukaemia of different category were taken and the results were compared with ten age and sex matched healthy individuals. The mean MDA levels were significantly raised in all the patients belonging to all the groups of leukaemia at the time of diagnosis. Total leucocyte count in all the patients was also raised. The observed values indicate the significant role of free radicals in the aetiopathogenesis of leukaemia. The degree of lipid peroxidation in these patients can be used a marker of the disease activity.
A study of oxidative stress in neonates delivered through meconium-stained amniotic fluid
(Springer Verlag, 2017) Tapas Bandyopadhyay; B.D. Bhatia; H.D. Khanna
To estimate the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in cord blood plasma of newborns born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and also to find out the correlation between their levels with birth weight and gestation, we measured the cord blood plasma levels of MDA and 8-OH-dG in 59 newborns born through MSAF and 50 newborns born through clear liquor. The levels of cord blood plasma MDA and 8-OH-dG were significantly higher in full-term and late-preterm newborns born through MSAF. On further comparison, it was found that both full-term and late-preterm intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) neonates had higher levels of these markers as compared to babies born as appropriate for gestational age (AGA) through MSAF. Plasma levels of MDA and 8-OH-dG were significantly correlated with birth weight even after controlling the relationship with gestational age for all cases as well as all full-term cases. These markers are also significantly correlated to each other. Conclusions: The present study suggest that the neonates born through MSAF experience higher degrees of oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased levels of cord blood plasma MDA and 8-OH-dG.What is known:• Aspirated meconium has been found to induce free radical generation and cellular damage in animal studies.• Its role in free radical generation and oxidative damage in human neonates is scarce.What is new:• Neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid experience significant oxidative stress. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Antioxidant levels in cord blood of low birth weight newborns
(2008) Ashok Kumar; Rajiv Ranjan; Sriparna Basu; H.D. Khanna; V. Bhargava
We evaluated the antioxidant status of 82 healthy term low birth weight (LBW) newborns and equal number of gestation and sex matched controls weighing <2500 g by measuring vitamin A and E, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cord serum. Levels of vitamin A and E, superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly lower and glutathione peroxidase significantly higher in LBW babies compared to controls, with the lowest levels found in babies showing more severe growth restriction (<2000 g). We conclude that LBW newborns are deficient in several important antioxidants which may predispose them to higher oxidative stress.
Antioxidant Levels in Cord Blood of Term Low Birth Weight Neonates Requiring Delivery Room Resuscitation
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2021) Rimjhim Sonowal; Anamika Jain; V. Bhargava; H.D. Khanna; Ashok Kumar
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of various antioxidants, namely, vitamin A and E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cord blood of term low birth weight (LBW) neonates who required delivery room resuscitation (DRR). Materials and Methods: This case control study included 37 term LBW neonates who needed DRR as cases and 44 term neonates as controls (15 term LBW and 29 term normal birth weight) who did not require resuscitation at birth. Neonates suffering from major congenital malformations, infection, or hemolytic disease were excluded. Standard methods were used to measure the levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, SOD, catalase, and GPx levels in the cord blood. Results: Vitamin A and E levels were significantly low in cases compared to term LBW controls as well as term normal birth weight controls. Levels of SOD, GPx, and catalase were comparable in different study groups. Conclusion: Our study shows that term LBW neonates requiring DRR had significantly low levels of vitamin A and E in their cord blood. This might compromise their ability to tolerate oxidative stress during DRR. © 2021 National Neonatology Forum.
Behaviour of estrogen receptor, histological correlation, and clinical outcome in patients with benign breast disorders
(2002) A.K. Khanna; J.K. Tapodar; H.D. Khanna; S. Khanna
Objective: To estimate the value of estrogen receptor (ER) in benign breast diseases and to find out if the response of benign breast diseases to danazol depends on the ER status of the tissue. Design: Prospective study. Setting: University hospital, India. Material: Samples of tissue from benign breast lesions, 40 fibrocystic disease and 10 fibroadenomas. Interventions: Enzyme immunoassay for the presence of cytosolic ER. Main outcome measures: ER concentrations, and correlation with effect of treatment with danazol. Results: Fibrocystic disease and fibroadenomas showed 30% and 40% ER positivity, respectively. The mean (SD) ER concentration was significantly higher in premenopausal than postmenopausal patients 14.75 (3.79) fmol/mgm compared with 6.2 (1.59) fmol/mg (p < 0.05). All ten patients with mastalgia who had ER-positive lesions (n = 26) responded to danazol, compared with 6 of 16 patients who had ER-negative lesions (p < 0.05). Lesions with diffuse fibrosis (n = 14) and five with lymphocytic infiltration on histology were all ER-negative. Conclusion: The patients with ER positive breast disease responded better to danazol than patients with ER negative breast disease.
Biochemical investigation of tissue oxidative stress and angiogenesis with associated trace elements in breast disease patients in Uttarakhand, India
(Begell House Inc., 2019) Kanchan Karki; K.S. Shahi; Rashmi Bisht; Jeetendra Singh Bohra; H.D. Khanna; Priyanka Chandra
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous cancer with diverse clinical symptoms and an ambiguous molecular spectrum. Oxidative damage, antioxidant activity, and angiogenesis combine to form significant complex factors that stimulate breast cancer development and progression. This study is designed to determine level changes in total antiox-idant status and markers of lipid peroxidation melondialdehyde (MDA) and angiogenesis vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) along with related micronutrients of copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron in malignant and benign breast disease tissue extracts. We assess specificity and sensitivity of those markers using the area under the curve of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Association studies are done with correlation analysis. The tissue extract level of MDA markers is found to be significantly higher (14.118 ± 1.47 nmol/g tissue; p < 0.05), with significantly de-pleted levels of antioxidants (5.983 ± 1.661 nmol/g tissue; p < 0.05). The tissue VEGF level also significantly increases in a diseased condition (512.466 ± 5.661 pg/mg tissue) versus the nondiseased condition (422.433 ± 13.615 pg/mg tissue). Related trace-element levels show a significant mixed pattern among studied groups. VEGF emerges as the best discrim-inatory biomarker of breast cancer presence, in accordance with ROC analysis. Oxidative stress and angiogenesis are found to be important factors in breast cancer development. This study forms the basis for future studies that focus on the relationship between roles of indices studied and cancer induction. © 2019 by Begell House, Inc.
Carcinoembryonic antigen : An invaluable marker for advanced breast cancer
(1996) K.A. Pathak; R. Khanna; H.D. Khanna; S. Khanna; S. Gupta; N.N. Khanna
Serial serum Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured in 150 individuals (50 patients with breast cancer, 50 benign breast diseases and 50 other controls). These levels were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and follow-up information. Serum CEA levels were independent of the primary tumor status, their histology, lymphoreticular response and the patients' characteristics as well as the age, sex and the menstrual status. However, the nodal status, number of involved nodes and the grade of the tumors had significant influence on the level of serum CEA. Breast cancer patients especially those with metastasis had significantly higher serum CEA levels as compared to the controls and those with localised disease, irrespective of the site of metastasis. These levels were lowered appreciably by the disease regression and were raised or stable during the disease progression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed metastasis to be more frequent in patients with pretreatment serum CEA levels above 25 ng/ml and persistent post treatment CEA levels above 15 ng/ml. Serum CEA level was found to be a valuable prognostic indicator for advanced breast cancer and serial serum CEA levels provided an average lead time of about 3.9 months before the clinical appearance of metastasis.
Cellular DNA Contact and its Correlation with Histopathological Prognostic Parameters in Carcinoma of the Breast
(1998) S. Chaturvedi; S. Singh; H.D. Khanna; S. Khanna; R. Khanna
Present study has given an insight in to the value of the DNA in relation to other morphometrics. Breast cancer shows variability in clinical course in the same clinical stage. Cellular DNA content is an important prognostic parameter. Tumour tissue DN Acontent is correlated with known histopathological prognostic feature assessing its significance as prognostic parameter in 25 cases of carcinoma breast. The findings showed that cellular DNA content ranged between 1.5-5.08 ug/mg in cancer breast tissue with an average of 2.54ug/mg as compared to an average of 1.34 ug/mg in normal breast tissue. The DNA content was higher in combined pattern, in poorly differentiated duct carcinoma and in patients with positive lymph node metastasis. No consistent relationship could be seen between cellular DNA and desmoplasia and lymphoreticular response in and around tumour.
Effect of pH and hydrogen ion titration studies on the coat protein subunits from bacteriophage R17
(1982) H.D. Khanna; S. Srinivasan
[No abstract available]
Evaluation of biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in the cord blood of preterm low birth weight neonates
(2012) Reena Negi; Deepti Pande; Ashok Kumar; Ranjana S. Khanna; H.D. Khanna
Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate the association between oxidative stress markers and enzymatic / non-enzymatic antioxidants (marker of the resistance in body to oxidative damage) in the cord blood of preterm low birth weight (LBW) neonates. Methods: Malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl proteins, total antioxidant capacity and Vitamin A, E and C levels in the cord blood were determined by spectrophotometry. Results: Increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation with decreased values of vitamin A, E, C and total antioxidant capacity were observed in the preterm LBW newborns. Observations of negative correlation between MDA and protein carbonyl with antioxidants vitamin A, E and C and total antioxidant status points towards the existence of oxidative stress in the preterm LBW newborns. Conclusions: Poor fetal growth affects the development of antioxidant defenses of preterm LBW babies, predisposing them to higher oxidative stress, which in turn may partly account for increased morbidity and mortality in these infants. The presence of an association between oxidative stress biomarkers and enzymatic /non-enzymatic antioxidants in the cord blood of preterm LBW neonates suggest that increased oxidative stress may be the result of changes in the levels of certain enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants due to the cause or the effect of oxidative damage occurring at the molecular level. © 2012 Informa UK, Ltd.
Evaluation of CSF-Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Tubercular Meningitis
(1999) I.S. Gambhir; M. Mehta; D.S. Singh; H.D. Khanna
Sixty patients of inflammatory brain disease were diagnosed and classified according to clinico-investigational criteria by Ahuja et al into tuberculous meningitis group (36 patients) and non-tuberculous meningitis group (24 patients). Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients were classified as probable (9 patients) and possible (27 patients) TBM. Non-TBM group comprised of pyogenic meningitis (8.3%), viral encephalitis (23.3%), cerebral malaria (5%) and enteric encephalopathy (3.3%). Cerebrospinal fluid-adenosine deaminase (CSF-ADA) activities were measured in both TBM and non-TBM groups. Mean CSF-ADA levels in TBM patients was 9.61 ± 4.10 IU/L and was significantly elevated as compared to viral encephalitis and enteric encephalopathy cases; but difference was insignificant in comparison to pyogenic meningitis (7.92 ± 0.95 IU/L) and cerebral malaria. Using 8 IU/L as cut off value for diagnosis of TBM a sensitivity of 44% and specificity of 75% was observed.
Folic acid, total antioxidant and malondialdehyde in fetal cord blood of preeclamptic pregnancy
(2011) Abha Sinha; Mandavi Singh; H.D. Khanna; Madhu Jain
The present study was' designed to evaluate the folic acid, total antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA) status in fetuses of Pre-eclamptic pregnancy.52 cases were studied of which 26 were from normal pregnancy (controls) and 26 were from Preeclamptic pregnancy. Fetal cord blood (10 mil) was collected from the umbilical vein in heparinised tubes. It was centrifuged for ten minutes and the plasma collected. Folic acid was estimated by ELISA method, total antioxidant (TAS) was determined by Rondox kit and level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was estimated by thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) assay from the collected plasma. In pre-eclampsia, the folic acid and total antioxidant was significantly decreased as compared to those in normal subjects, whereas Malondialdehyde was significantly increased. A significant negative correlation was detected between folic acid, total antioxidant and lipid peroxidation in pre-eclampsia. Our study clearly indicates a relationship between decreased folic acid, total antioxidant and elevated lipid peroxidation in pregnancy with preeclampsia.
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme status in oral carcinoma patients.
(2005) R. Khanna; P.B. Thapa; H.D. Khanna; S. Khanna; A.K. Khanna; H.S. Shukla
OBJECTIVE: To measure the lipid peroxidation and endogenous antioxidant enzyme status in oral carcinoma and the protective role of exogenous antioxidants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 20 new cases of histologically proven oral squamous cell carcinoma, 20 of leukoplakia and 20 age and sex matched healthy conrols were included. Intra oral pH of patients and controlled were measured by quantitative litmus paper test and serum was analysed for malonialdehyde (MDA), super oxide bismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GP). Patients with leukoplakia were treated with exogenous antioxidants for 3 months and the same were reassessed. RESULTS: Oral pH of oral cancer patients was neutral (PH-7) but that of leukoplakia and controls were mildly acidic (6.64 and 6.58 respectively). Serum malonialdehyde levels were highest in oral cancer group. With antioxidant enzymes super oxide bismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase different pattern was noticed. Antioxidant enzymes remained almost the same (P > 0.005 each) in patients with leukoplakia after 3 months of vitamin A,C and E. but there was marginal increase in catalase level (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study shows the positive benefit of vitamin (A,C,E) and nutrition supplementation on the antioxidant enzyme defense system hence prevention of oral carcinogenesis in patients with leukoplakia.
Lipid peroxidation levels in peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma [1]
(2006) R. Tandon; N. Mukherjee; V.K. Dixit; R. Khanna; H.D. Khanna
[No abstract available]
NF-κB p65 Subunit DNA-Binding Activity: Association with Depleted Antioxidant Levels in Breast Carcinoma Patients
(2013) Deepti Pande; Kanchan Karki; Reena Negi; Seema Khanna; Ranjana S. Khanna; H.D. Khanna
NF-κB is recognized as a redox-sensitive transcription factor and has been implicated in cellular response to oxidative stress. The study was designed to correlate the changes in antioxidant status with the levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit DNA-binding activity in relation to lymph node involvement, tumor size, and staging in breast carcinoma patients. Case control study comprised of 40 breast carcinoma patients along with 40 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls. Levels of enzymatic/nonenzymatic antioxidants along with the trace elements were measured to study the antioxidant status in the study subjects. Levels of NF-κB p65 subunit DNA-binding activity was estimated by ELISA assay. The levels of enzymatic, nonenzymatic antioxidants, and trace elements were found to be significantly depleted in breast carcinoma patients in comparison to healthy controls suggesting significantly decreased levels of antioxidant activity in the breast carcinoma patients. Also, these results indicate that antioxidant levels decrease progressively with the advancement of stage and subsequent progression of disease. DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 subunit was higher in breast cancer patients in comparison to normal healthy controls, and the activity was found to increase with the advancement of disease. Significant correlation was observed between the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 subunit and antioxidant status in the patients. The logistic regression analysis revealed decreased levels of antioxidants and increased level of DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 subunit were significantly associated with incidence of breast carcinoma. Depleted antioxidant status and increased level of DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 subunit thus point clearly of an association in relation to disease progression, clinical stage, and cytological grade in the pathophysiology of breast carcinoma. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Oxidative damage markers as possible discriminatory biomarkers in breast carcinoma
(Mosby Inc., 2012) Deepti Pande; Reena Negi; Kanchan Karki; Seema Khanna; Ranjana S. Khanna; H.D. Khanna
The study was designed to evaluate the markers of oxidative damage and to establish their diagnostic utility in breast carcinoma patients. Levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), protein carbonyl (PC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) along with total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured in breast carcinoma patients and controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done to study the diagnostic potential of the oxidative damage markers. Significant increases in oxidative damage markers were observed in breast carcinoma patients compared with the normal controls, which were accompanied by significant decrease in TAS. The logistic regression analysis revealed higher levels of oxidative stress marker and reduced level of TAS were significantly associated with breast cancer. ROC curves analysis demonstrates that 8-OHdG and PC are better indicators for distinguishing cancer patients from controls, followed by MDA and TAS. Our results indicate increased oxidative damage is associated with malignancy in breast cancer patients. High accuracy of oxidative stress markers in indicating cancer presence can be used as discriminatory makers for efficient diagnosis. © 2012 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Oxidative stress and antioxidants status in peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma
(2004) R. Tandon; H.D. Khanna; M. Dorababu; R.K. Goel
Oxidative stress is believed to initiate and aggravate many diseases including peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma. We observed an increase in rat gastric mucosal lipid peroxidation (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a decrease in catalase (CAT) levels in cold restraint stress-induced gastric ulceration while, in clinical peptic ulceration and gastric carcinoma patients, an increase in serum LPO and a tendency to decrease in SOD and CAT levels were observed. The result thus, indicated a positive correlation between free radical-induced oxidative stress both in gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric carcinoma.
Oxidative stress in hypertension: Association with antihypertensive treatment
(2008) H.D. Khanna; M.K. Sinha; S. Khanna; R. Tandon
There is growing evidence that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Our aim was to measure oxidative stress in hypertensive subjects, and assess the potential confounding influences of antihypertensive therapy. Serum malondialdehyde and antioxidant levels were estimated in patients at the time of presentation and also after a antihypertensive therapy for 3 months. During the period of study no antioxidant/s was given to the patients and control subjects. Mean blood pressure values were altered in the hypertensive patients following antihypertensive therapy from their respective values observed at the time of presentation. Serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in the hypertensive patients in comparison to control cases. The antioxidant activity of enzymes super oxide dismutase, glutathione and non enzymatic antioxidant levels of vitamins E and C were significantly lower in patients compared to controls. After 3 months of antihypertensive treatment all the above parameters showed reversal in the respective levels of serum malondialdehyde and antioxidant activity. Antihypertensive medications lower the blood pressure and thereby results in reduced oxidative stress which indicates that oxidative stress is not the cause, but rather a consequence, of hypertension.
Oxidative stress in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
(2007) Ashok Kumar; Pragya Pant; Sriparna Basu; G.R.K. Rao; H.D. Khanna
We investigated the role of bilirubin as an antioxidant in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of oxidative stress and key antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in otherwise healthy 70 term newborns with NNH and 20 control newborns without jaundice. Jaundiced newborns had significantly lower MDA but higher SOD, catalase and GPx levels. Furthermore, plasma bilirubin showed significant negative correlation with MDA but positive correlation with antioxidant enzyme activities. It is concluded that NNH is associated with lower oxidative stress. © 2007 Oxford University Press.
Oxidative stress in patients with essential hypertension
(2005) R. Tandon; M.K. Sinha; H. Garg; R. Khanna; H.D. Khanna
Background. Free oxygen radicals react with membrane lipids to form lipid hydroperoxides, a destructive process known as lipid peroxidation. Lipid hydroperoxides decompose to form a variety of products including malondialdehyde, which is used as an indicator of the oxidative damage of cells and tissues. Endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase counteract the oxidative damage from oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence that free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension by altering endothelial function. We evaluated the oxidative stress and endogenous enzymatic antioxidant status in padents with essential hypertension before and 3 months after treatment with antihypertensives. Methods. Fifty patients with essential hypertension attending the outpatient services of the Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. The serum malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels were measured in patients at the time of presentation and after 3 months of antihypertensive treatment. No antioxidants were given to the patients during the period of the study. Results. The mean (SD) serum malondialdehyde level was found to be significantly higher (0.33 [0.07] mmol/L) in patients with hypertension compared with controls (0.21 [0.05] mmol/L; p < 0.001). This showed a significant decrease following antihypertensive therapy (0.23 [0.06] mmol/L; p < 0.001) compared with pre-treatment values. The serum superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in patients (6.93 [1.35] mg protein/ml of serum) compared with controls (20.12 [3.65] mg protein/ml serum; p < 0.001) at the time of presentation and, compared with the pre-treatment values, increased significantly after 3 months of treatment (10.66 [2.91] mg protein/ml of serum; p < 0.001). Conclusion. Our study shows that essential hypertension is associated with increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant status. Adequate control of blood pressure with antihypertensive therapy decreases oxidative stress and improves the antioxidant status in these patients. © The National Medical Journal of India 2005.