Browsing by Author "H.K. Jaiswal"

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Analysis of variability and character association in indigenous aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2016) T. Sravan; H.K. Jaiswal; Showkat A. Waza; Kumari Priyanka
Sixty rice genotypes were evaluated during kharif 2013 for sixteen quantitative and quality traits to examine the nature and magnitude of variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation. Analysis of variance revealed that the differences among sixty genotypes were significant for all the characters. The characters viz., number of effective tillers per plant, seeds per panicle and brown rice length exhibited high Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV). Small differences between GCV and PCV were recorded for all the characters studied which indicated less influence of environment on these characters. The characters viz., plant height, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and seeds per panicle exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating that simple selection could be effective for improving these characters. Grain yield per plant had significant and positive correlation with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, effective tillers per plant, panicle length, seeds per panicle and kernel breadth after cooking.
Application of bacterial endophytes as bioinoculant enhances germination, seedling growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)
(Range Management Society of India, 2013) N.P. Singh; R.K. Singh; J.P. Shahi; H.K. Jaiswal; T. Singh
Ten endophytic bacteria isolated from maize plants at farmer fields were characterized for their endophytic association and various biochemical activities such as production of phytohormones, siderophore and phosphate solubilization. All the selected isolates produced indole acetic acid. However, four isolates (BHU3, BHU8, BHU9 and BHU10) have ability for phosphate solubilization. Siderophore production was shown by six isolates (BHU1, BHU2, BHU3, BHU5, BHU8 and BHU10). Activates of endophytic bacterial isolates under field conditions indicated significant increase in seed germination, chlorophyll content, cob length, plant height, test weight, grain yield and harvest index over control. Isolates BHU3, BHU8 and BHU10 performed relatively better than the other isolates.
Assessment of genetic variability and diversity in some elite genotypes of basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(EM International, 2016) C.R. Allam; Aarzoo Qamar; H.K. Jaiswal
The present investigation was carried out to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic divergence with twenty five rice genotypes comprising both Basmati and non-basmari types revealed significant differences among the genotypes for the yield, its components and some grain quality characteristics. The magnitude of differences between PCV and GCV was relatively low for all the traits, indicating less environmental influence. Based on the genetic distance devalues), the rice genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The results indicated that there was some degree of similarity of genotypes clustered together on the basis of their origin. However, the pattern of distribution of some genotypes from different eco-geographical regions was found random, indicating that geographical diversity and genetic diversity were not related. The maximum intra cluster distance was observed for the cluster IV. The highest genetic divergence was observed between the clusters III and IV exhibiting wide diversity. Copyright © EM International.
Combining ability analysis for grain yield and quality traits in basmati rice (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
(Plant Archives, 2020) Aarti Sharma; H.K. Jaiswal
Combining ability analysis on 36 F1s and nine parents revealed that, parent HUBR10-9 had the best general combining ability for yield/plant followed by Pusa Basmati-1. Pusa Basmati-1121 and Pusa Basmati-1509 possessed good general combining ability for most of the quality traits studied in the experiment. GCA effect of Type-3 was the best for aroma. Other varieties having good GCA effect for aroma were Basmati-370, Taraori Basmati and Ranbir Basmati. High specific combining ability for yield per plant was observed in 14 crosses. Specific combining ability variance (σ2s) was observed more than the general combining ability variance (σ2g) for most of the traits. For 100-grain weight, grains per panicle and kernel length σ2g/ σ2s ratio were near to one, indicating the role of both additive and non-Additive gene action in the inheritance of the traits. © 2020 Plant Archives. All rights reserved.
Combining ability analysis for yield and earliness in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2015) M.N. Upadhyay; H.K. Jaiswal
To study the gene action and selection of better parent for rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids can achieve only with combining1 ability analysis. This investigation aims to identify good general and specific combiners for selecting better parents and better cross combinations in rice crop for developing high yielding and short duration rice hybrids. Five restorers were crossed with four different Cytoplasmic Male Sterile (CMS) lines in 2009. The experimental material comprising of 29 entries including 20 crosses and nine parents was planted in LxT (Line X Tester) design in three replications in kharif 2010. Analysis for combining ability of sixteen characters revealed significant differences among t h e genotypes. The variance due to lines, testers and line x tester interaction were highly significant for all the traits. In the analysis of General Combining Ability (GCA), Jaya was found good general combiner for grain yield plant-1, 100 grain weight, pollen fertility, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel length after cooking, elongation ratio and alkali digestion value among lines and IR68897A was good general combiner for days to maturity among testers. In the analysis of Specific Combining Ability (SCA), cross IR67684A×Swetha was best for grain yield plant- 1 and IR68897AxSasyashree was best for 100 grain weight. IR80555A×Swetha was found best for the traits days to maturity, seeds panicle-1 and kernel breadth. These genotypes, CMS lines and crosses may be used in hybrid production in rice crop. © 2015 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Combining ability studies for yield and quality parameters in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes using diallel approach
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2019) Akanksha; H.K. Jaiswal
General and specific combining ability of six basmati rice varieties and their fifteen hybrids made through diallel mating without reciprocals for different yield and quality parameters were studied to select the general combiners for future domestic breeding programs. The Analysis of Variance showed that the mean squares due to general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all the traits indicating that both additive and non-additive gene actions were involved in the inheritance of fourteen yield and quality traits. Significant SCA effects for different characters indicated preponderance of non-additive gene actions in the inheritance of the characters under study. Different lines and hybrids were found as best general and specific combiners for different yield and quality traits, respectively. Thus, important specific cross-combiners can be used effectively in crop improvement programs to develop varieties, and further validation of specific genes to develop gene-based perfect markers in rice breeding. © 2018 Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding.
Components of genetic variation and graphicalanalysis (VR-WR) for some yield and quality characters in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Plant Archives, 2019) Akanksha; H.K. Jaiswal
Gene action for eight yield and six quality traits were evaluated through Hayman’s analysis (graphical and component) for fifteen direct F1 hybrids along with their six parents of Basmati rice were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences were observed among parents, hybrids and hybrids versus parents for most of the agronomic, yield and quality characters of hybrids. Valid graphical analysis were explained for characters like plant height, 100 grain weight, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, kernel length before and after cooking and alkali spread value, showing significant deviation of regression coefficient, ‘b’ from zero and non significant deviation of ‘b’ from unity and all these traits revealed over dominance type of intra allelic interaction. Furthermore, component analysis were done for all the traits by examining estimates D, F, H1, H2, h2 and E and proportion of components i.e. (H1/D)0.5 , H2/4H1, KD/KR, h2/ H2 and h2n. The component D, reflecting additive genetic variance was significant for all the characters studied except for effective tillers per plant, seeds per panicle, grain yield per plant, kernel breadth after cooking and amylose content. The ratio (H1/D)0.5 which measured the mean degrees of dominance over all loci was more than one indicating over dominance for all the characters. The ratio, H2/4H1, close to 0.25 for characters effective tillers per plant, panicle length, grain yield per plant, kernel breadth, amylose content indicating nearly symmetrical distribution of positive and negative alleles at loci showing dominance for the traits. Likewise, ratios, KD/KR and h2/H2 revealed presence of dominant genes/group of genes for different traits. Heritability in narrow sense (h2n), more than 50% for Plant Height, Seed per panicle, Kernel length and Kernel Length After cooking indicated major part of additive gene action in phenotypic variability and selection should be effective for improvement of these characters in rice. © 2019 Plant Archives. All rights reserved.
Effects of wa cytoplasm on various quality characteristics of rice hybrids
(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2015) S.A. Waza; H.K. Jaiswal
The differences between twenty pairs of AF1 (CMS line x restorer) and BF1 (maintainer line x restorer) cross combinations were evaluated to appraise the WA cytoplasmic influence on various quality traits of rice hybrids. The cytoplasmic influence for different traits was found to be highly cross-specific, depending on the nuclear background of CMS line and fertility restorer. Most of the traits were not significantly affected by the sterile cytoplasm in majority of the cross combinations. Only in some crosses, the cytoplasm has significant influence for majority of the traits studied. Most significant effect of the sterility inducing cytoplasm was reduction in length of cooked kernel, followed by decrease in amylase content. Male sterility inducing cytoplasm had no effect on aroma. © 2015, Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum. All rights reserved.
Genetic analysis of yield, yield related traits and amylose content in Boro rice (Oryza sativa L.) over environments
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2017) Kumari Priyanka; H.K. Jaiswal
Nine boro rice genotypes were crossed in diallel mating design to study the inheritance of yield, yield related traits and amylose content over three seasons. Data from 36 F1 and parents were analysed using Hayman's (1954) graphical approach. Majority of the traits studied revealed importance of over-dominance type of intra allelic interaction over the three seasons. The parents were scattered along the regression line indicating sufficient diversity among them for the traits.
Genetic architecture of yield and yield components in indigenous aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(2012) A.K. Srivastava; H.K. Jaiswal; R.K. Agrawal; R.P. Singh
Parental, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations of five crosses involving indigenous aromatic rice cultivars were subjected to generation mean analysis to study the genetics of seven yield and yield components. It was observed that ĥ, î and l were significant for all the yield traits studied except ĥ for 100 - grain weight and î and l for plant height. Also d was significant for all the yield components except plant height and yield/plant. Further, ĵ was significant for plant height and main panicle length. Thus, for all the yield traits, additive and dominance gene effects as well as epistatic interactions were present indicating complex inheritance of the traits. This necessitates improvement of individual characters separately based on the nature of gene action. Exploitation of additive gene effect should be carried out following pedigree method of selection. For crosses and characters where both additive and non-additive gene effects were important, single plant selection can be postponed and biparental mating could be followed wherein a few cycles of crossing of promising segregants in F2 and onwards would help in the incorporation of desirable genes into a single genetic background. Diallel selective mating or reciprocal recurrent selection will be helpful in simultaneously exploiting both kinds of gene effects for improving the trait.
Genetic divergence in Indigenous aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2015) Kumari Priyanka; H.K. Jaiswal; Showkat A. Waza; T. Sravan
India is home to a large number of indigenous rice varieties. Sixty indigenous aromatic rice genotypes from different geographical regions of India were raised at Agriculture Research Farm, BHU, Varanasi during Kharif 2014 to identify variability among them. They were evaluated for seventeen yield and quality characters using D2 analysis, to study the diversity pattern among the genotypes. Based on the analysis, the genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters. Thirteen genotypes each were grouped under cluster V and VIII, while minimum number of genotype (1) was grouped under cluster II. Maximum inter cluster D2 value was observed between cluster I and VIII (85.56) followed by cluster II and VIII (80.90). The greater the distance between the two clusters indicates wider the genetic diversity between genotypes. The intra cluster distance was maximum in cluster VII (28.10) followed by cluster V (24.12) indicates hybridization involving genotypes within the same clusters may result in good cross combinations. Among the seventeen traits studied, maximum contribution was made by Days to 50% flowering (32.65), Kernel length after cooking (20.07) and amylose content (20.11). Hence, days to 50 percent flowering, Kernel length after cooking and amylose content together contribute 72.83 % towards total divergence. Therefore, these characters may be given importance during selection of parents in hybridization programmes. © Indian Society of Plant Breeders.
Heterosis for yield and grain quality parameters in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2020) Aarti Sharma; H.K. Jaiswal
In the present study, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were estimated on 36 F1s obtained through half-diallel mating design for yield and quality traits. For yield per plant trait, seven out of 36 hybrids recorded standard heterosis of more than 100 per cent. CSR-30 x HUBR10-9 (160.09 per cent) recorded the highest significant positive standard heterosis over yield check Pusa Basmati-1. For quality traits, hybrid Pusa Basmati-1121 X Pusa Basmati-1509 performed well, as it exhibited a significant desirable standard heterosis for kernel length, kernel length after cooking, kernel breadth after cooking, and length/breadth ratio. Other hybrids that performed well for quality traits were Pusa Basmati-1 X Pusa Basmati-1121, Type-3 X Pusa Basmati-1121, Type-3 X Pusa Basmati-1509 and Taraori Basmati X Pusa Basmati-1121. 17 hybrids were found to have the desired intermediate range of amylose content (20-25 per cent) and 22 hybrids showed a desirable range of 4-7 for alkali spreading value, based on per se performance. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.
High frequency multiple shoot regeneration from decapitated embryo axes of chickpea and establishment of plantlets in the open environment
(2002) R. Singh; K. Srivastava; H.K. Jaiswal; D.V. Amla; B.D. Singh
Multiple shoot regeneration from the cut plumular ends of embryo axes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was evaluated on Murashige and Skoog medium having different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.1 to 10.0 mg dm-3), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.5 and 1.0 mg dm-3), kinetin (0.5 and 1.0 mg dm-3) or zeatin (2.0 and 4.0 mg dm-3). TDZ (0.2 mg dm-3) was found to be the most effective cytokinin as it produced multiple shoots in 100% of the explants from genotypes C235, ICC5166, ICC12269, ICC4951, ICC11531, BG256 and a local cultivar. Shoots were elongated on growth regulator-free medium, and rooted on growth regulator-free medium containing 1/4 MS salts + full vitamins + 3% sucrose. Plantlets formed were acclimatized for 12 15 d in MS medium with a gradual reduction in sucrose concentration and transferred into pots filled with soil and kept in the field; this resulted in more than 70% survival. The plants developed normally and produced fertile flowers and set seeds. Low temperatures, maximum 19.0°C, and minimum 8.2°C, during the first 15 d of transfer favoured survival on transfer to pots.
Identification of elite grain quality restorers and maintainers for WA CMS lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Society for the Advancement of Breeding Researches in Asia and Oceania, 2016) S.A. Waza; H.K. Jaiswal
Twenty one premium grain quality genotypes of rice were used for identification of restorers and maintainers for 3 WA cytoplasmic male sterile lines. Six genotypes (Sanwal Basmati, Pusa Sugandh-2, Pusa Sugandh-3, Pusa Sugandh-5, Pusa 2517-2-51-1 and HUR-JM-59221) were found to exhibit stable restorer behaviour for all the 3 CMS lines (IR-58025A, IR-68897A and Pusa 6A). Moreover, Pusa-44 was found to exhibit the stable fertility restoring ability for IR-58025A, whereas Pusa Basmati-1121 revealed the stable restoring potential for IR-68897A. Three pollen parents (Pusa Basmati-1, Pusa-1460 and HUR-LP-191123) exhibited stable maintainer behaviour for all the 3 CMS lines. In addition, 3 genotypes i.e., HURPB-1M-98, HURPB-1S-97 and TBD-2-1 were found to show the stable maintainer behaviour for CMS line IR-58025A. The male parents showing stable fertility restoring behaviour along with the female parents and hybrids were evaluated with the help of molecular markers to establish the presence of fertility restoring genes. The primers RM171 and RM6100 linked to Rf4 gene revealed distinguishing banding pattern between CMS lines and fertility restorers, no such polymorphism was observed for the primers RM315 and RM443 linked to Rf3 gene. The genotypes HUR-JM-59221 and Pusa-44 revealed slightly different banding pattern for the primer RM171 than rest of the pollen parents. © Society for the Advancement of Breeding Research in Asia and Oceania (SABRAO) 2016.
Multivariate approach to analyse genetic diversity in some basmati rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2017) C.R. Allam; A. Qamar; Jay Prakash; H.K. Jaiswal
Twenty three genotypes of basmati representing the broad spectrum of variation were assessed for ten yield attributing characters and ten quality characters using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Principal component analysis identified five principal components with eigen values more than one for four components which contributed 90.40 per cent of the cumulative variance. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters by using cluster analysis. Cluster II was the largest, consisting of six genotypes followed by five genotypes each in clusters III, IV and V, two genotypes each in clusters I and VI. The results indicated that there was some degree of similarity of genotypes clustered together on the basis of their origin. However, the pattern of distribution of some genotypes from different eco-geographical regions was found random, indicating that geographical diversity and genetic diversity were not related. The maximum intra cluster distance was observed for the cluster III. The highest genetic divergence was observed between the clusters IV and III exhibiting wide diversity. Among different traits, plant height, days to 50% flowering, spikelets per panicle, KLAC and amylose content had maximum contribution towards total divergence may be used as selection parameters in segregating generations. Judicious selection of genotypes from the clusters may be used as potential donors for future hybridization programmes to develop varieties and hybrids of high yield without much compromise on quality.
Response of rice seedlings to cold tolerance under boro conditions
(Society for the Advancement of Breeding Researches in Asia and Oceania, 2015) K. Priyanka; H.K. Jaiswal; S.A. Waza; T. Sravan
Boro rice cultivation is an important cropping pattern in Eastern India. It is a winter crop and seedlings are raised in cold months. Hence, cold tolerance at seedling stage is a primary requirement of boro rice cultivars. Twenty-five cultivars were evaluated for cold tolerance during seedling stage in laboratory and field conditions. Seeds of these cultivars were sown in nursery during rabi season 2013-14. The germination percentage was recorded at 15 DAS, 30 DAS, 45 DAS and 60 DAS. At 60 DAS and before transplanting, scoring for cold tolerance was done. Out of 25 genotypes, Jaya, Gautam and Krishna Hamsa, had the highest germination percentage. These genotypes were also least affected by the low temperature stress and scored in cold tolerant group along with Shalimar-1, Shalimar-2, Begum, Quadir, Mehvam, Mushkbudgi, Mahzat and Kamad. IR 64 showed the lowest germination percentage and was found highly susceptible to cold at seedling stage. The study aimed to identify tolerant genotypes to low temperature during seedling stage. These cold tolerant genotypes can be used in specific breeding programs for developing boro rice varieties. © Society for the Advancement of Breeding Research in Asia and Oceania (SABRAO) 2015.
Shoot regeneration from immature cotyledons of Cicer arietinum
(2001) K. Srivastava; K.N. Tiwari; R. Singh; B.D. Singh; H.K. Jaiswal
Shoot regeneration was achieved from immature cotyledons of five chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes: C235, ICC4971, ICC11531, ICC12257 and ICC12873. The cotyledons cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 or 5 mg dm-3 zeatin with or without 0.04 mg dm-3 indole acetic acid (IAA) showed formation of cotyledon like structures (CLS) at their proximal ends. Subsequently, shoot regeneration took place in some of the CLS forming explants. CLS were also formed in cotyledons cultured on MS + 0.2 - 1 mg dm-3 thidiazuron (TDZ); direct shoot regeneration was observed in cotyledons cultured on 1 mg dm-3 TDZ. The shoot buds elongated on media containing indole butyric acid (IBA), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA3). Complete plantlets were obtained by rooting of shoots following pulse treatment with 200 mg dm-3 IBA for 5 min and culture on growth regulator free half-strength MS medium.
Variability, heritability and genetic advance studies in some indigenous genotypes of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2015) C.R. Allam; H.K. Jaiswal; A. Qamar; Challa Venkateshwarlu; Y.S. Reddy
The investigation conducted with 25 rice genotypes comprising both Basmati and non-basmati types revealed significant differences among the genotypes for the yield, its components and some grain quality characteristics. The magnitude of differences between PCV and GCV was relatively low for all the traits, indicating less environmental influence. The GCV was higher for the characters alkali spread value, yield per plant and effective panicles. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, effective panicles per plant, spikelets per panicle, filled grains per panicle, test weight, yield per plant, brown rice length, brown rice L/B ratio, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, kernel length after cooking, elongation ratio and alkali spread value indicating the additive gene effects in the genetic control of these traits and can be improved by simple selection in the present breeding material. © Indian Society of Plant Breeders.