Browsing by Author "Hanuman Singh Jatav"

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An Overview of Micronutrients: Prospects and Implication in Crop Production
(Springer International Publishing, 2020) Hanuman Singh Jatav; L. Devarishi Sharma; Rahul Sadhukhan; Satish Kumar Singh; Surendra Singh; Vishnu D. Rajput; Manoj Parihar; Surendra Singh Jatav; Dinesh Jinger; Sunil Kumar; Sukirtee
Micronutrients are important for plant growth and they significantly play an important role in balanced crop nutrition. They are vital for appropriate growth and development of plants in their entire life span. A deficiency of any one of the micronutrients in the soil can limit the growth of plants, even when all other nutrients are available in adequate amounts. The deficiency of micronutrients is widespread in many areas due to the nature of soils, high pH, low organic matter, salt stress, continuous drought, high bicarbonate content in irrigation water and imbalanced application of fertilisers. In India, the most deficient micronutrient in the soil is Zn, followed by B. In recent years, the deficiency of micronutrient has risen to a great extent. Zn and B deficiencies are focussed mainly for their adverse impacts on human health and food production. This chapter attempts to examine the defects of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, B and Mo deficiency in the soil and crops as well as the management of micronutrient deficiencies by way of fertilisation, development of agronomic strategies and creation of awareness of micronutrient dose. Deficiencies of Zn and B cause some severe complications in crop production in India. In view of the problems, we discuss the importance of micronutrients in agriculture and their roles and ways to improve crop productivity. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
Biochar and Sewage Sludge Application Increases Yield and Micronutrient Uptake in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2018) Hanuman Singh Jatav; Satish Kumar Singh; Yadvir Singh; Omkar Kumar
A greenhouse experiment was conducted in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.), India, during kharif 2013 to find out the effect of biochar and sewage sludge (SS) on growth, yield, and micronutrient uptake in rice crop. Nine treatments were employed using six different doses of biochar (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1) amended with a fixed dose of SS (30 t ha−1) and 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (50% RDN), i.e., 60 kg ha−1. Other three treatments were absolute control (no fertilizers), 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (100% RDF) which was 120:60:60 kg ha−1 as nitrogen (N): phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5):dipotassium oxide (K2O), and 30 t ha−1SS + 50% RDN. Experimental results showed a significant increase in yield of rice crop with increasing levels of biochar along with SS. Application of biochar at 20 t ha−1 along with 30 t ha−1SS increased grain yield to the extent of 2.5 times over absolute control (no fertilizers) and 8.5% over control (100% RDF). The uptake of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) (micronutrients) increased significantly with graded doses of biochar application from 2.5 to 20 t ha−1 in the soil. The maximum micronutrient uptake and grain yield of rice were found in T9 where 30 t ha−1SS along with 20 t ha−1 biochar was applied with only 50% RDN. The maximum availability of micronutrients in soil was found with 30 t ha−1 of SS + 50% RDN (T3) followed by conjoint application of 20 t ha−1 of biochar and 30 t ha−1 SS + 50% RDN (T9). © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis.
Biological nitrification inhibition for sustainable crop production
(Elsevier, 2021) Rahul Sadhukhan; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Suman Sen; Laimayum Devarishi Sharma; Vishnu D. Rajput; Rojeet Thangjam; Anoop Kumar Devedee; Satish Kumar Singh; Andrey Gorovtsov; Sourav Choudhury; Kiranmay Patra
[No abstract available]
Current State of Knowledge in Diagnosis and Mitigation of Micronutrients Deficiency in Crop Production from an Indian Prospective
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Satish Kumar Singh; Astha Pandey; Ayush Bahuguna; Kiran Kumar Mohapatra; Abhik Patra; Eetela Sathyanarayana; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Surendra Singh Jatav; Vishnu D. Rajput
Indian soils are fairly satisfactory with respect to total micronutrient content. But in spite of the relatively high total contents, micronutrient deficiencies have been frequently reported in many crops due to low levels of available micronutrients in soils. Based on the critical limits followed in different states of India, the status of the micronutrients deficiencies was assessed in different soils under the leadership of ICAR All India Coordinated Research Project on Micro- and Secondary Nutrients and Pollutant Elements in Soils and Plants (AICRP-MSPE). In addition to single micronutrient deficiencies, multimicronutrient deficiencies have emerged in different areas of the country over the years, posing a threat to the sustainability of agriculture. Various diagnostic procedures for micronutrients deficiency in soil and plants have been briefly discussed in this paper. In total 1421 field experiments were conducted on specific crops to determine the critical nutrient concentration of different micronutrients. Based on field experiments and crop response to micronutrients, generalized transition zones were worked out for different nutrients across the soil types. Various factors affecting micronutrients availability in soil and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients have been discussed along with their mitigation strategies. Hence this paper represents the current status of micronutrients in Indian soil with emerging solutions for micronutrient deficiency. © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Ecological aspects of the soil-water-plant-atmosphere system
(Elsevier, 2021) Ravindra Kumar Rekwar; Abhik Patra; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Satish Kumar Singh; Kiran Kumar Mohapatra; Arnab Kundu; Asik Dutta; Ankita Trivedi; Laimayum Devarishi Sharma; Mohsina Anjum; Ajin S. Anil; Sanjib Kumar Sahoo
The soil-water-plant-atmosphere system (SWPAS) is a “physically integrated, dynamic system in which interacting processes of mass and energy are performed.” The SWPAS system is comprised of four different components with varying physical and chemical properties that ultimately poses a complex mechanism. Water stress is primarily caused due to nonuniform precipitation. The exhaustion of this reservoir by a crop requires its artificial reloading, which is the case of irrigation. Soil moisture has been shown to have major implications for carbon storage and related climatic feedbacks. Therefore, it is more important than ever to understand how the flow of water interacts with ecosystem health and the mechanisms controlling water fluxes at the land-atmosphere interface. Atmosphere acts as an upper buffer that takes up, transforms, and protects water, as a substance, in the climatic system. The soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) is the pathway for water moving from soil through plants to the atmosphere. Movement of water occurs in response to differences in the potential energy of water. The flow path of water through SPAC is complex with a series of resistances offered by different components of the system. Different atmospheric, plant canopy, and soil factors affect the water flow through SPAC. With increasing water scarcity, improvement in crop water productivity will be vital in terms of food security for the future generation. As a result, the effect of soil-plant-atmosphere interactions on how ecosystems respond to and exert influence on, the global environment remains difficult to predict. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of zinc application methods on yield and zinc bio-fortification in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa l.)
(IndianJournals.com, 2019) Surendra Singh Jatav; Satish Kumar Singh; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Yadvir Singh
[No abstract available]
Feasibility of sewage sludge application in rice-wheat cropping system
(Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies, 2021) Hanuman Singh Jatav; Satish Kumar Singh; Surendra Singh Jatav; Vishnu D. Rajput; Svetlana Sushkova
A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of the conjoint application of sewage sludge (SS) and fertilizers on the yield of rice-wheat cropping system using a randomized block design. The grain yield ranged between 24.99 ± 4.24 to 66.32 ± 2.58 q ha-1 and 22.50 ± 0.55 to 50.37 ± 1.07 q ha-1 in Ist year grown rice and wheat, respectively. Among all the treatments, T3 (100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 30 t ha-1 SS) recorded a significantly highest grain yield of rice crop (66.32 and 63.37 q ha-1 ) and wheat crop (50.37 and 46.91 q ha-1 ) during 2015-16 and 2016-17 years, respectively. The straw yield in Ist rice and Ist wheat ranged between 55.11 to 81.22 q ha-1 and 35.86 to 56.62 q ha-1, whereas straw yield in IInd rice and IInd wheat were noticed between 48.42 to 79.31 q ha-1 and 30.45 to 52.32 q ha-1, respectively. The finding clearly shows that the application of SS significantly enhances the yield of rice-wheat crops, and could be an option to a sustainable use of SS. However, the precautionary measure should be followed before use. In addition, the application of SS also indicates the improvement in soil health and sustainability. © 2021 Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies. All rights reserved.
Hydrogel-based Trichoderma formulation effects on different varieties of rice under rainfed condition of Indo-Gangetic Plains
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) K. Dujeshwer; Ram Kumar Singh; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Rajendra Lakpale; Mujahid Khan; Vishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina
Increased global CO2 emissions may result in erratic weather conditions, especially uncertain, pertaining to rainfall uncertainties and temperature anomalies, and could reduce India’s overall rice production by 3–10% under medium- to high-emission scenarios. The water crises nowadays have been prioritized as one of the top five global risks. Further, the uncertainties in rice production due to climate change will be more than just rice yield reductions. Several adoption strategies such as direct seeding, selecting water stress-tolerant varieties, enhancing soil water-holding capacity and improving crop management practices, are suggested to address the risks of rice production. Keeping in view the above fact, a field experiment was initiated during kharif season of 2015 and 2016 at Agricultural Research Farm (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (India), to assess the effect of super-absorbent polymer (hydrogel) and Trichoderma in rice varieties with six hydrogel-based Trichoderma-formulated treatments. The results indicated that Trichoderma was found effective in improving crop growth, yield, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency with the application of hydrogel. It was also found that soil amendment with hydrogel at 2 g m−2 and sowing of Trichoderma-treated seed at 10 g kg−1 seed significantly improved the crop growth parameters (viz. shoot dry weight by 6.45%), yield parameters (viz. number of productive tillers by 12.32%, number of grains per panicle by 8.26%), nutrients uptake and water use efficiency (by 24.15%) over control. The present study reveals that the use of hydrogel with Trichoderma fungus is found effective in enhancing the growth and yield parameters of rice in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs). © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Impact assessment of COVID-19 global pandemic on water, environment, and humans
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Taqi Raza; Muhammad Shehzad; Mazahir Abbas; Neal S. Eash; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Mika Sillanpaa; Trevan Flynn
One of the most significant threats to global health since the Second World War is the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to COVID-19 widespread social, environmental, economic, and health concerns. Other unfavourable factors also emerged, including increased trash brought on by high consumption of packaged foods, takeout meals, packaging from online shopping, and the one-time use of plastic products. Due to labour shortages and residents staying at home during mandatory lockdowns, city municipal administrations' collection and recycling capacities have decreased, frequently damaging the environment (air, water, and soil) and ecological and human systems. The COVID-19 challenges are more pronounced in unofficial settlements of developing nations, particularly for developing nations of the world, as their fundamental necessities, such as air quality, water quality, trash collection, sanitation, and home security, are either non-existent or difficult to obtain. According to reports, during the pandemic's peak days (20 August 2021 (741 K cases), 8 million tonnes of plastic garbage were created globally, and 25 thousand tonnes of this waste found its way into the ocean. This thorough analysis attempts to assess the indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment, human systems, and water quality that pose dangers to people and potential remedies. Strong national initiatives could facilitate international efforts to attain environmental sustainability goals. Significant policies should be formulated like good quality air, pollution reduction, waste management, better sanitation system, and personal hygiene. This review paper also elaborated that further investigations are needed to investigate the magnitude of impact and other related factors for enhancement of human understanding of ecosystem to manage the water, environment and human encounter problems during epidemics/pandemics in near future. © 2022
Interaction of zinc oxide nanoparticles with soil: Insights into the chemical and biological properties
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Yukti Verma; Satish Kumar Singh; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Vishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina
Widespread use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) threatens soil, plants, terrestrial and aquatic animals. Thus, it is essential to explore the fate and behavior of NPs in soil and also its mechanism of interaction with soil microbial biodiversity to maintain soil health and quality to accomplish essential ecosystem services. With this background, the model experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to study the impact of ZnO-NPs on soil taking maize as a test crop. The X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Particles size analysis of engineered NPs confirmed that the material was ZnO-NPs (particle size—-65.82 nm). The application of ZnO-NPs resulted in a significant decrease in soil pH. Significantly high EC (0.13 dS m−1) was recorded where ZnO-NPs were applied at the rate of 2.5 mg Zn kg−1 soil over control (0.12 dS m−1). A significant increase in soil available phosphorus was observed on applying ZnO-NPs (15.29 mg kg−1 of soil) as compared to control (11.84 mg kg−1 of soil). Maximum soil available Zn (2.09 mg kg−1) was recorded in ZnO-NPs-amended soil (T11) which was significantly higher than control (0.33 mg kg−1) as well as treatments containing conventional zincatic fertilizers. The inhibition rates of dehydrogenase enzyme activity in the presence of 0.5 mg, 1.25 mg and 2.5 mg ZnO-NPs per kg soil were 31.3, 46.2 and 49.7%, respectively. Soil microbial biomass carbon was significantly reduced (103.33 µg g−1 soil) in soils treated with ZnO-NPs over control (111.33 µg g−1 soil). Soil bacterial count was also significantly lesser (12.33 × 105 CFU) in the case where 2.5 mg kg−1 ZnO-NPs were applied as compared to control (21.33 × 105 CFU). The corresponding decrease in fungal and actinomycetes colony count was 24.16, 37.35, 46.15% and 14.59, 17.97, 22.45% with the application of 0.5 mg, 1.25 mg and 2.5 mg ZnO-NPs per kg soil, respectively, as compared to control. Thus, the use of ZnO-NPs resulted in an increase in soil available Zn but inhibited soil microbial activity. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Iron in the soil-plant-human continuum
(Elsevier, 2021) Abhik Patra; Vinod Kumar Sharma; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Asik Dutta; Ravindra Kumar Rekwar; Arghya Chattopadhyay; Ankita Trivedi; Kiran Kumar Mohapatra; Ajin S. Anil
Iron (Fe) is essential for plants and animals and it is the fourth most common element and second most common metal in the Earth’s crust. In cultivated soils, Fe is mostly present in the Fe3+ and Fe2+ forms under oxic and anoxic environments, respectively. Iron should be present in the range >10-7.7 M in soil solution with a redox potential of soil-root environments under <12 to avoid its deficiency. The accessibility of Fe to plants is influenced by soil reaction, soil organics, aeration of the soil, presence or absence of other macro- and micronutrients, etc. Iron is required for the biogenesis and functioning of chlorophyll, energy transmission, metabolism of cells, fixation of nitrogen (N), and respiration of plants. Deficiency symptoms of Fe are first seen as the yellowish color between leaf veins, especially in young leaves, which could result in the necrosis at a later stage. Available soil test methods are not very effective in assessing available Fe in soils, whereas Fe2+ content in soil is a reasonably good predictor of plant Fe status. The supply of iron sulfate to the soil proved to be successful to eradicate Fe deficiency only when used along with compost and manure. As a comparison to soil application, foliar application of Fe had a major advantage to rectify its deficiency. To increase Fe level in edible parts of crops, agricultural techniques (e.g., agronomic biofortification and genetic biofortification) seem to be economic and efficient. The path to genetic biofortification is a long-term method that needs significant energy and money, but agronomic biofortification provides a simple solution to the overwhelming Fe deficiency problem. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Nanotechnology: An Efficient Tool in Plant Nutrition Management
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Sachin Sharma; Surendra Singh; Ayush Bahuguna; Bharti Yadav; Akshita Barthwal; Raghu Nandan Singh Khatana; Astha Pandey; Rajneesh Thakur; Hanuman Singh Jatav
The increasing global population accelerates world food demand with limited land resources. It shifts the research towards higher productivity with higher fertilizer use on large scale but with high economic inputs. This promotes the use of Nanotechnology in fertilizer industries which offers higher production with the desired customization in nutrient values, high reactivity, changeable surface area, high nutrient use efficiency because of its different physic-chemical properties. Nanoparticles facilitate a smart delivery system of nutrients with the targeted cellular approach in plants as well as in the rhizosphere. The nanopolymers and nano fertilizers also benefit the plant in stress resistance, crop nutrient quality and improve water use efficiency. However, the behavior of nanoparticles to surpass the food chain, its concentration and toxicity in edible products is still a topic of research. The present chapter deals with their mechanisms, controlled release pattern, particle morphology, chemical kinetics, interaction with soil colloids as well as the effect on the microbiome with lesser amount application in the field and proves to replace the current conventional fertilizers with sustainability and minimal environmental risks. © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Organic Amendments Application Increases Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Mustard (Brassica Juncea) Grown in Chromium-Contaminated Soils
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2020) Vipin Kumar; Pramod Kumar Sharma; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Satish Kumar Singh; Ashish Rai; Surya Kant; Achin Kumar
A pot experiment (Net House) study was conducted in the Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science, B.H.U. Varanasi to find out the effect of organic amendments in mustard grown in chromium (Cr)-contaminated soil during 2015–16 and 2016–17. There were five levels of Cr (Control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/Kg soil) with and without three organic amendments (viz. Vermicompost (VC), FYM, and Sewage Sludge (Sl)) @ 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha and 20 t/ha, respectively. The maximum number of siliqua/plant (333 and 354), length of siliqua (5.43 and 5.53), number of seeds per siliqua (12.11 and 12.39), dry matter accumulation (50.76 and 54.65g/pot), biological yield (266.51 and 273.34g/pot), seed yield (62.63 and 66.96g/pot), stover yield (203.88 and 206.38g/pot), and harvest index (23.50 and 24.5%) were recorded when Cr-contaminated soil is treated with organic amendments mainly with vermin compost during 2015–16 and 2016–17. It is reported that significant nutrient uptake (N, P, S, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) also increased with the application of organic amendments. It is reported that yield attributing characters are improved by the application of VC followed by farm yard manure then sewage Sl. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Physiological mechanisms and adaptation strategies of plants under nutrient deficiency and toxicity conditions
(Elsevier, 2021) Asha Kumari; Binny Sharma; Bansh Narayan Singh; Akash Hidangmayum; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Kailash Chandra; Rajesh Kumar Singhal; Eetela Sathyanarayana; Abhik Patra; Kiran Kumar Mohapatra
Presently, the world is suffering from the declining trend of crop yields globally, making food security a major challenge. The limited availability of arable land and water resources has made this challenge even bigger. Recent research-based studies depict that, in many developing countries, poor soil fertility, lower availability of mineral nutrients in soil, improper nutrient management, along with the lack of plant genotypes having high tolerance to nutrient deficiencies or toxicities are major constraints leading to food insecurity, malnutrition (i.e., micronutrient deficiencies), and degradation of ecosystem. It has been stated that 60% of our cultivated soils have growth-limiting problems with deficiencies and toxicities of available mineral nutrients. About 50% of the world population suffers from micronutrient deficiencies that make mineral nutrition studies a major promising area in meeting the global demand for sufficient food production with enhanced nutritional value. Integration of plant adaptation strategies in such soils using genetics and plant breeding and molecular biology is indispensable in developing plant genotypes with high genetic potential to acclimatize such nutrient-deficient and toxic soil conditions to translocate more micronutrients into edible plant parts such as cereal grains. Thus, plant nutrition research provides invaluable information, which is highly useful in elimination of these constraints, and leads to sustain the food security and well-being of humans without harming the environment. Keeping all these points in mind this chapter helps in understanding the mechanisms and strategies of plant in nutrient-deficient and toxic soil conditions. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Plant-soil interactions in a changing world: A climate change perspective
(Elsevier, 2021) Abhik Patra; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Kiran Kumar Mohapatra; Arnab Kundu; Satish Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar; Laimayum Devarishi Sharma; Mohsina Anjum
Climate is a major factor that governs several things starting from the origin of the different animals, and food availability for human and animals. The growth of crops species is becoming more vulnerable due to the climate now. The living ecosystem of every creature depends on the climate. Climate change is the prime threat to the sustainability of our ecosystem and continuous emission of the greenhouse gases is making it more perilous. As a consequence, an unanticipated shift in the dynamics of plant-soil cross-talk is encountered. Nevertheless, gradual escalation of mean earth surface temperature can potentially curtail the duration of the growth period, yield, and water productivity. Every major crop are expected to decline due to erratic precipitation and higher water demands under elevated temperature. In this chapter, we mainly highlight the impact of fluctuating climatic elements on terrestrial flora, edaphic conditions, and their mutual interactions. Surging air temperature is detrimental for the soil carbon stock and its depletion hampers the rhizospheric processes, biochemical cycles, and ultimately affects plant species. We have also discussed different processes involved in plant-soil interactions at different stages of primary or secondary succession. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Preface
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Vishnu D. Rajput; Ajar Nath Yadav; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Satish Kumar Singh; Tatiana Minkina
[No abstract available]
Rhizobia: A potent tool for amelioration of drought stress in legumes
(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Pratibha Singh; Rakesh Sammauria; Mahendra Singh; Satish Kumar Singh; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Mehjabeen; Malu Ram Yadav; Anoop Kumar Dwivedi
Rhizobia in association with legumes form an effective symbiosis and fix atmospheric nitrogen for uptake by plants. Nitrogen fixation in leguminous crops contributes significantly in maintaining fertility of soil. For the growth of rhizobia and legume-rhizobial association, drought stress is one of the limiting factors, among different stress factors in the environment. Under the arid/semi-arid conditions, establishment of an effective rhizobium-legume interaction is very sensitive. Drought conditions affect root development, nodulation, chlorophyll content, changes in cell volume and concentration of solutes and other properties which are important for biological nitrogen fixation. Thus, interactions of rhizobia and legumes to drought are very sensitive in maximizing the benefits of nitrogen fixation. Various studies have been conducted on different aspects to overcome the shortcomings of drought stress on biological nitrogen fixation. These strategies include screening of germplasms, genetic multiplication of drought-tolerant genotypes, tissue culture, biological approach and biotechnological interventions. Rhizobia play vital role in the production of plant's metabolites, molecular responses, adjustment of hormones and dissolution and utilization of nutrients, to evade moisture stress conditions. Present chapter elaborates the detailed studies on the impact of drought stress on rhizobia and legumes grown in different moisture levels. Different strategies and techniques to overcome the shortcomings of drought stress on biological nitrogen fixation are also presented and discussed in logical manner. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.
Role of plant-associated microbes in phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils
(CRC Press, 2021) Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit; Manoj Kumar Chitara; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Vishnu D. Rajput; Ashish Kumar Singh; Kiran Rana; Surendra Singh Jatav; Mohsina Anjum; Tatiana Minkina; Utkarsh Kumar
[No abstract available]
Roles of Nitric Oxide in Conferring Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants and Crosstalk with Other Plant Growth Regulators
(Springer, 2021) Rajesh Kumar Singhal; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Tariq Aftab; Saurabh Pandey; Udit Nandan Mishra; Jyoti Chauhan; Subhash Chand; Indu; Debanjana Saha; Basant Kumar Dadarwal; Kailash Chandra; Mudasser Ahmed Khan; Vishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina; Eetela Sathya Narayana; Manoj Kumar Sharma; Shahid Ahmed
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free-radical gasotransmitter signaling molecule associated with a varied spectrum of signal transduction pathways linked to inducing cross-adaptation against abiotic stresses. It has crucial roles from seed germination to plant maturity, depending upon its cellular concentration. The functional cross-talk of NO among different stress signaling cascades leads to alteration in the expression of developmental genes that regulate biosynthesis and function of plant growth regulators (PGRs). NO-PGRs and secondary signaling compounds cross-talk trigger reprogramming of stress-responsive gene expressions, transcriptional gene modulations, redox regulating machinery, oxidative metabolisms, and multiple regulatory pathways under plant abiotic stress. Recent findings suggest NO as critical components of numerous plant signaling network that interplays with auxin, gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA), brassinosteroids (BRs), H2O2, melatonin, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), salicylic acid (SA), and other PGRs to modulate growth and development under multiple stresses. Considering the importance of NO signaling crosstalk under stress adaptation, in this review, we point out the biosynthesis and metabolism of NO and its crosstalk with numerous other signaling compounds. Further, recent cellular and molecular advances in NO signaling cross-talk under abiotic stress adaptations also have been discussed. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Socio Economic Aspects of Sewage Sludge Use in Agriculture
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Shabana Gulzar; Shafiqa Gul; Abhik Patra; Kiran Kumar Mohapatra; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Vishnu D. Rajput
The sewage sludge is being globally used for agricultural purposes since decades. The worldwide water crisis, a scarcity of fresh water, and, of course, the need to dispose of massive amounts of wastewater created by households and industry are all grounds for using wastewater in agriculture. Wastewater is a complicated resource that has both benefits and drawbacks. It has the potential to be extremely helpful to farming communities and society as a whole. It ensures a constant supply of water to farmers for crop production, aids in soil nutrient conservation, decreasing the need for artificial fertilizers, enhances crop yields and returns from farming, and is a cost-effective and low-budget form of wastewater disposal. The production of wastewater and its reuse has shown a rapid increase with increase in water shortage in many regions of the world, due to expanding population and industrial as well as urban expansion. As industries have grown in urban areas, the structure and content of wastewater has shifted from being primarily organic to containing increasingly hazardous components such as heavy metals and other chemicals. Hence wastewater use can also inflict harmful impacts on communities using this resource and on ecosystems in general. The extensive use of wastewater containing toxic wastes is likely to spread harmful wastewater-borne diseases, more rapid degradation of the environment as well as social issues. Traditionally, issues of efficiency, safety, and cost effectiveness have driven wastewater management techniques. However, there is still a need to apply a uniform technique that takes into account all sociological and economic factors and leads to better wastewater management practices. A paradigm shift is therefore the need of the hour, not only to mitigate the damage to the ecosystems, but also to emphasize the long-term usage of wastewater as a resource that requires proper management in order to ensure future water security. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.