Browsing by Author "Hemant Kumar"

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A Systematic Review on Emission, Accumulation, Mechanism, and Toxicity Perspective of Micro-Nanoplastics in the Soil–Plant Nexus
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2025) Priyadarshani Rajput; Pradeep Kumar; Swarnendra Banerjee; Vishnu D. Rajput; Chao Qin; Hemant Kumar; Manjeet Kumar Sah Gond; Shivangee Dubey; Ritu Rani; Saglara Sergeevna Mandzhieva; Tatiana Mikhailovna Minkina; Yanzheng Gao
The ubiquitous occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in terrestrial ecosystems has been a significant environmental issue attributable to their recalcitrance and ecotoxicological effects. This review synthesizes the state of knowledge on the contamination of the soil environment by MPs, including sources, transportation processes, adsorption onto soil components, and effects on ecological and human health. It is derived from various human activities and penetrates agricultural soils, urban soils, and natural environments. MPs notably change soil physico-chemical properties by modifying pH and porosity (~88 mg/kg). It suppresses enzymatic activity (LDPE MPs at 0.50% [w/w] β-glucosidase [~31%], urease [~14%] as well as dehydrogenase [~41%]) through adsorption and altering the soil microenvironment and disturbs biological indices of soil (~1000 mg/kg), thereby impacting nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and crop yield (PS at 50 mg L−1 in faba beans). MPs also interact, adsorb (through electrostatic binding), and co-transport heavy metals and pollutants, which increases the toxicity risk in the soil–plant system. In plants, uptake and translocation of MPs (through apoplastic, symplastic, and crack-entry pathways) are dependent on particle size, charge, and plant species. It has been documented in the edible parts, raising concerns about food safety. MPs' vertical and horizontal transfer is facilitated by soil organisms such as earthworms and insects, affecting ecological processes. Research on MNPs has risen from 2009 to 2025, emphasizing their detection in human tissues and their links to endocrine malfunction, reproductive issues, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. This study highlights the immediate necessity for multidisciplinary research, sustainable plastic alternatives, and efficient mitigation strategies to protect health and ecosystems. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Acute renal failure in pregnancy in a developing country: Twenty years of experience
(2006) Jai Prakash; Hemant Kumar; D.K. Sinha; P.G. Kedalaya; L.K. Pandey; P.K. Srivastava; R. Raja; Usha
Acute renal failure (ARF) has become a rare complication of pregnancy in developed countries. The aim of this study was to describe changing trends in pregnancy-related acute renal failure (PR-ARF) in two successive periods; 1982-1991 and 1992-2002. From July1982 to December 2002, 190 cases of PR-ARF were observed in Eastern India (11.6% of total number of ARF needing dialysis). Obstetrical complications were causative factors for ARF in 15% (65/426) and 10% (125/1201) of patients in the two periods, respectively. The incidence of PR-ARF fell from 15% in 1982-1991 to 10% in 1992-2002, with respect to the total number of acute renal failure cases. Post-abortal ARF showed a declining trend, 9% in the 1980s to 7% in the 2000s, of the total number of ARF cases. Preeclampsia-eclampsia was the cause of obstetrical ARF in 23% (1982-1991) and 14.4% (1992-2002) of cases in these two periods. The percentage of total ARF due to eclampsia declined from 3.5% during the period 1982-1991 to 1.4% in 1992-2002. Puerperal sepsis contributed to 0.8% of total ARF in recent years, compared to 2.4% in the earlier period. The incidence of cortical necrosis decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from 17% in 1982-1991 to 2.4% in the 2000s. The maternal mortality reduced to 6.4% in 1992-2002 from initial high mortality of 20% in the period of 1982-1991. Conclusion. PR-ARF which remained high in the initial period has decreased in recent years. This is associated with a declining trend in post-abortal ARF and a reduction in maternal mortality as well. We noted a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the incidence of cortical necrosis in PR-ARF. The reasons for this favorable outcome in obstetrical ARF seem to be due to improved medical care, decrease in the number of septic abortions, effective care of obstetrical complications, and legalization of abortion. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Al-doped ZnO based long range optical fibre sensor for efficient low refractive index detection
(Springer, 2023) Hemant Kumar; Raj Kumar; Umang Ramani; Bipin K. Singh; Praveen C. Pandey
In this article, a simulation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based Al-doped ZnO (AZO) coated long-range low refractive index detections in infrared range sensor by the finite element method is presented. Plasmonic material Al-doped ZnO is used for SPR conditions in the desired range. The effects of AZO layer thickness on resonance wavelength, confinement loss, and sensitivity of the proposed sensor are examined for different analyte refractive indices. We have optimized coated AZO layer thickness of 90 nm and width of 124.70 µm in our work. The proposed infrared sensor has achieved refractive index sensitivity 2000–16,000 nm/RIU, and the resolution 5.00×10-5-6.25×10-6RIU for the analyte’s refractive index range from 1.23 to 1.37. The proposed sensor may be utilized for detecting low refractive index organic chemicals, biomedical, and liquid foods and may also be used in other sensing applications. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Biotechnological approaches for crop movement and production
(De Gruyter, 2024) Hemant Kumar; Rusi Lata; Uzma Khan; Surendra K. Gond
The effects of global warming play a crucial role in increasing the global food and nutrition crisis. The reason for this phenomenon is that the increasing rate of climate change has a detrimental impact on crop productivity and the overall availability of food resources. Despite ongoing activities aimed at tackling the issue of food insecurity, a significant number of individuals continue to experience malnutrition as a result of limited access to adequate food and nutrition. Therefore, in order to achieve the objective of reducing global malnutrition completely, it is essential to improve agricultural productivity in an environmentally friendly way. Biotechnology holds great potential for enhancing the agricultural sector by providing viable solutions to address the challenges of crop productivity. A fundamental element of agricultural biotechnology is the utilization of biotechnological methodologies, which encompass a diverse range of techniques such as genetic engineering, microbialassisted processes, plant tissue culture, molecular breeding, precision agriculture, and omics applications. These approaches are employed to enhance crop improvement and optimize production in the agricultural sector. Modern biotechnological methodologies offer a highly effective means of enhancing the production of agricultural plants with commercially advantageous traits, encompassing enhanced resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses, increased tolerance, greater nutritional content, increased productivity, and enhanced quality. Currently, in the post-genomics era, there has been a notable rise in advanced technologies such as next-generation sequencing. These technologies offer cost-effective and high-throughput methods for the molecular characterization of specific cellular or organismal processes. The main focus of this chapter is on the variety of biotechnological methodologies employed in the enhancement and production of crops under stress conditions. © 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. All rights reserved.
Comparative study of connexins expression in diabetic and nondiabetic wounds
(Inst Materials Physics, 2010) Surabhi Bajpai; Manish Mishra; Hemant Kumar; Kamlakar Tripathi; Santosh Kumar Singh; Rakesh Kumar Singh
Wound healing is the synchronized interplay of interaction of several cellular and biochemical components. In case of diabetes this normal course of wound healing is delayed. The mechanism behind the delayed wound healing in diabetes remains unexplored. The passage of various apoptotic and inflammatory signals via gap junctions play an important role in tissue remodeling during diabetic wound healing. In this study, we compared the expression of the following connexins (Cx) namely Cx26, Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 in diabetic and non-diabetic wounds. A significant increase in the levels of Cx26, Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx43 with the commencement of wound repair was observed in diabetic wounds as compared to non-diabetic wounds. In contrast, Cx37 and Cx40 were not expressed in either in diabetic or non diabetic wounds. The results of this study suggest that cellular cross talking via gap junctions is as much vital during proper wound healing, and an up regulated connexin expression might leads to improper gap junctions formation attributing to the passage of various, apoptotic and inflammatory signals thereby resulting in delayed healing of chronic diabetic ulcers.
Correlation of insulin resistance, beta cell function and insulin sensitivity with serum sFas and sFasL in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
(2013) Hemant Kumar; Manish Mishra; Surabhi Bajpai; Deepa Pokhria; Awadhesh Kumar Arya; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Kamlakar Tripathi
Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and reduced insulin sensitivity are fundamental factors associated with glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM). Diabetic milieu can induce apoptosis in several types of cells. The aim of present study was to compare circulating soluble apoptotic markers (sFas and sFas-L) with HOMA-IR, HOMA-%S, HOMA-%B in the serum of newly diagnosed T2DM and healthy subjects. For this study, 94 T2DM and 60 healthy subjects were enroled and evaluated for various parameters. Biochemical quantifications were performed with Syncron CX5 auto-analyzer. The levels of serum sFas-L, TNF-α and IL-6 were estimated by flowcytometry. The fasting serum insulin and sFas quantified by ELISA. HOMA-IR, HOMA-%S and HOMA-%B were calculated with HOMA calculator v2.2.2. The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C were augmented and HDL declined significantly (P < 0.001) in diabetics. The levels of serum insulin, TNF-α, IL-6, sFas, HOMA-IR were raised (P < 0.001) and sFas-L, HOMA-%S and HOMA-%B were decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in T2DM subjects than healthy. In diabetics, serum sFas was positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.720, P < 0.001) and negatively with HOMA-%B (r = -0.642, P < 0.001) significantly while serum sFasL was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = -0.483, P < 0.001) and positively with HOMA-%B (r = 0.466, P < 0.001) significantly. Further, the multivariate stepwise regression analysis shows that HOMA-IR contributes significantly to the variance of sFas and sFasL. Our findings suggest that the pancreatic beta cell dysfunction along with increased insulin resistance appears to be associated with apoptotic markers. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
Determinants of intravascular resistance in indian diabetic nephropathy patients: A hospital-based study
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2011) Anubhav Thukral; Manish Mishra; Vaibhava Srivastava; Hemant Kumar; Amit Nandan Dhar Dwivedi; Ram Chandra Shukla; Kamlakar Tripathi
Aims and Objectives. Metabolic dysregulation has failed to explain clinical variability of patients with diabetic nephropathy and hence a renewed interest emerged in haemodynamic factors as determinant of progression and development of diabetic nephropathy. We therefore studied for various factors which can correlate with raised renal vascular resistance in diabetic nephropathy. Material and Methods. Renal vascular resistance was measured in patients with established and incipient diabetic nephropathy and compared with controls using noninvasive color Doppler examinations of intrarenal vasculature. Results. Renal vascular resistance correlated with age, duration of disease, GFR, serum creatinine, and stage of retinopathy. Renal vascular resistance was significantly reduced in patients on treatment with RAAS inhibitors and insulin, than those on OHA and antihypertensives other than RAAS inhibitors. Conclusion. The study implies that renal vascular resistance may help identify diabetics at high risk of developing nephropathy, and these set of patients could be candidates for RAAS inhibition and early insulin therapy even in patients without albuminuria. © 2011 Anubhav Thukral et al.
Diversity in kinetics correlated with structure in nano body-stabilized LacY
(Public Library of Science, 2020) Hemant Kumar; Janet Finer-Moore; Irina Smirnova; Vladimir Kasho; Els Pardon; Jan Steyaert; H. Ronald Kaback; Robert M. Stroud
The structure of lactose permease, stabilized in a periplasmic open conformation by two Gly to Trp replacements (LacYww) and complexed with a nanobody directed against this conformation, provides the highest resolution structure of the symporter. The nanobody binds in a different manner than two other nanobodies made against the same mutant, which also bind to the same general region on the periplasmic side. This region of the protein may represent an immune hotspot. The CDR3 loop of the nanobody is held by hydrogen bonds in a conformation that partially blocks access to the substrate-binding site. As a result, kon and koff for galactoside binding to either LacY or the double mutant complexed with the nanobody are lower than for the other two LacY/nanobody complexes though the Kd values are similar, reflecting the fact that the nanobodies rigidify structures along the pathway. While the wild-type LacY/nanobody complex clearly stabilizes a similar ‘extracellular open’ conformation in solution, judged by binding kinetics, the complex with wild-type LacY did not yet crystallize, suggesting the nanobody does not bind strongly enough to shift the equilibrium to stabilize a periplasmic side-open conformation suitable for crystallization. However, the similarity of the galactoside binding kinetics for the nanobody-bound complexes with wild type LacY and with LacYWW indicates that they have similar structures, showing that the reported co-structures reliably show nanobody interactions with LacY. © 2020 Kumar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Effect of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on mediators of endothelial dysfunction, markers of angiogenesis and inflammatory cytokines in type-2 diabetes
(2009) Sudarshan K. Vijay; Manish Mishra; Hemant Kumar; K. Tripathi
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of PPAR-γ agonists (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) on mediators of endothelial dysfunction and markers of angiogenesis in patients with type-2 diabetes. Pioglitazone group showed favorable reductions in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and increase in HDL cholesterol as compared to rosiglitazone group, after 16 weeks of treatment and also with control group. There was significant reduction of CRP level in pioglitazone and rosiglitazone group. The level of serum TNF-α decreased significantly in pioglitazone and mildly decreased in rosiglitazone group. The level of VEGF, IL-8 and Angiogenin were increased in pioglitazone than rosiglitazone group. There were no significant changes observed in the serum angiogenin and IL-8 levels in the control group. Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone therapy in type-2 diabetes subjects have additional benefits of reducing mediators of endothelial dysfunction. Increase in angiogenesis markers in patients receiving pioglitazone could have variable effects in diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy as there may be increased vascular neogenesis. Pioglitazone has advantage over rosiglitazone in lowering lipid and proinflammatory cytokines. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.
Effect of selenium on connexin expression, angiogenesis, and antioxidant status in diabetic wound healing
(2011) Surabhi Bajpai; Manish Mishra; Hemant Kumar; Kamlakar Tripathi; Santosh Kumar Singh; Haushila Prasad Pandey; Rakesh Kumar Singh
This study was done to analyze the effect of selenium on antioxidant status and expression of different connexins in diabetic wound healing. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxide, and connexins were analyzed in wound tissues taken from diabetic and non-diabetic mice before and after sodium selenite administration. The mRNA transcript levels of Cx 26, 30.3, 31, 31.1, and 43 were significantly elevated in diabetic wounds as compared to the non-diabetic wounds. After selenium administration, the expression of connexins along with serum glucose decreases more significantly in diabetic wounds as compared to non-diabetic wounds. In diabetic wounds, the low levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and extracellular superoxide dismutase were restored to normal level following selenium administration. The lipid peroxidation decreased significantly in diabetic mice post-selenium administration. The histopathological analysis revealed that administration of selenium improves angiogenesis at the wound site. The results of this study demonstrate that selenium, acting as an essential component of the antioxidant system, normalizes the antioxidant status, and as an insulin mimetic compound, downregulates connexin expressions and induces angiogenesis. Together, these effects of selenium accelerate wound healing in diabetic conditions. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.
Experience With Vaso-Vasostomy: Technique And Result
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024) P.B. Singh; Hemant Kumar; S.S. Ambasta; V.N.P. Tripathi
Fifteen patients underwent recanalization procedure by single layer non magnified anastomosis with splint. In 12 patients (807%) reappearance of sperm was found with sperm count ranging from 5-6/H.P.F. to 40 million/ml. No side effect was observed due to splint. © 2024 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
Exploration of oncolytic drugs from endophytic fungi of Catharanthus roseus
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Uzma Khan; Rusi Lata; Hemant Kumar; Surendra Kumar Gond
The management and treatment of cancer and related disorders is still a challenging goal for the scientists. The current global scenario of cancer mortality is demanding to discover and develop new, safe, cost effective and potent anticancer medications. The anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine are solely produced by medicinal herb Catharanthus roseus. These drugs are second most widely consumed anticancer drugs after Taxol in the world; however, the plant is well recognised to produce very modest levels of these important compounds (0.0002–0.0005 %). To address this issue, the review delves into the promising alternative of using endophytic fungi which reside within the healthy plant tissues and have ability to produce host-specific bioactive compounds including vinblastine and vincristine. An endophytic fungus Talaromyces radicus is reported to produce vincristine up to 670 µg/L while Curvularia verruculosa is able to secret vinblastine at a concentration of 182 µg/L in liquid cultures respectively. Some other fungal species reported to produce either vincristine or vinblastine includes Fusarium, Alternaria, Chaetomium, Nigrospora and Eutypella. The review begins by discussing the therapeutic importance of vinblastine and vincristine, highlighting their mechanisms of action and their critical roles in chemotherapy regimens for various types of cancer. Next, the review also provides an in-depth analysis of various endophytic fungi producing vinblastine and vincristine detailing their identification, characterization, biosynthetic ability and strain improvement processes. It aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to develop more effective and sustainable strategies for producing these critical anticancer agents, ultimately enhancing cancer treatment options and outcomes. © 2024 SAAB
Geochemistry of recent sediments of the Kurheri basin, Son River, Madhya Pradesh, Central India: implications for source area weathering, sediment provenance, maturity, and sorting
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Abdul Qayoom Paul; Shamim A. Dar; B.P. Singh; Hemant Kumar; Mansoor Ahmad
The geochemical signatures of recent stream sediments in the study area revealed an old recycled sedimentary source and weak to moderate chemical weathering. The sediments exhibit a positive correlation of large ion lithophile elements (Ba, Sr, and Rb), transition trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sc, and V), and REE with Al2O3 and associated immobile oxides, indicating affinity with phyllosilicate sedimentary rocks of Semri Group of Vindhyan basin. The La–Th–Sc and Th–Sc–Zr/10 ternary plots show mixed sediment sources of clays, silts, and sands. Positive correlations of LREE with Th, Zr, Al2O3, and TiO2 and negative correlations with Y and P2O5 suggests the cumulative influence of Ti-bearing minerals and clay minerals. The high Zr/Sc ratio (mean 30.8), strong LREE/HREE enrichment (mean 8.1), prominent negative Eu anomalies (mean 0.57) and flat HREE suggest input from the recycled sedimentary source. The mean chemical index of alteration (69.17), plagioclase index of alteration (74.94), chemical index of weathering (93.08), and ACNK indicate weak to moderate weathering with the presence of minor K-feldspar mixed in illite dominated mud. This is also supported by a high Rb/Sr ratio (mean 1.09) and K/Rb ratio (0.018). A higher K/Al than Na/Al ratio points to higher illite content. The presence of illite, minor feldspar, and less SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (mean 4.98) suggests low textural and compositional maturity, attributed to the mixing of sediments by significant physical weathering. The positive correlation between Th/Sc (mean 0.6) and Zr/Sc (30.8) indicates less fractionation, low to moderate hydraulic sorting, and sufficient sediment recycling in Kurheri sediments. © 2023, Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (GV).
High refractive index sensing highly sensitive and low loss SPR sensor based on hollow-core D-shaped optical fiber
(World Scientific, 2024) Hemant Kumar; Umang Ramani; Raj Kumar; Bipin K. Singh; Praveen C. Pandey
A hollow-core D-shaped optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for low-loss and highly sensitive liquid analytes detection is theoretically investigated. The gold (Au) metal nanolayer is coated on the cladding etched D-shaped °at surface to develop the plasmonic e®ect. The nanolayer coating on the outer °at surface is very easy compared to the inside hollow-core, so our hollow-core sensor manufacturing is too easy compared to other hollow-core refractive indices (RIs) detection sensors. The resonance e®ect between analytes filled fundamental guided core mode and surface plasmon polariton mode of the D-shaped hollow-core optical fiber sensor is used to obtain the detections of analytes RIs variations. We have found good linear results (R2 > 0:99) in analytes RIs versus resonance wavelength for gold layers thicknesses for the analytes RIs range of 1.45–1.52. This hollow-core D-shaped optical fiber sensor achieves the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 23500 nm RIU-1 and a corresponding resolution of 4:26 × 10-6 RIU. We have obtained the maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 228 1/RIU. The proposed sensor may be highly active in detecting the biological and chemical liquid analytes. © World Scientific Publishing Company.
Investigations on the Highly Sensitive Metal-Coated Broad Range D-Shaped Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor
(Springer, 2021) Hemant Kumar; Umang Ramani; Bipin K. Singh; Praveen C. Pandey
In this paper, we present a detailed study on surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based D-shaped single-mode optical fiber sensor for the range of refractive index (RI) 1.33–1.42 sensing using the finite element method (FEM). Gold (Au), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu) metal layers have used separately to investigate the performance of proposed sensor employed with SPR conditions. Average and maximum sensitivity of the sensor increases with the thicknesses of the metal layer. We observe the higher sensitivity for the Au layer in comparison to Ag and Cu layers. Sensor with Au layer with 50 nm thickness shows the average sensitivity of 5855 nm/RIU with maximum sensitivity of 15,200 nm/RIU and resolution 1.780 × 10−5 RIU. The figure of merit (FOM) has also investigated for such sensor. The sensing performance of the sensor sequentially decreases with Ag and Cu layers. The proposed optical fiber sensors with high sensing performance can be utilized as RI sensors for different chemical and biological sensing. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Isolation, Cytotoxicity, and In-silico Screening of Coumarins from Psoralea corylifolia Linn.
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Nancy Tripathi; Aarati Parmar; Nilesh Pandey; Nivedita Bhardwaj; Sanheeta Chakrabarty; Ruma Sarkar; Hemant Kumar; Shreyans K. Jain
Psoralea corylifolia (syn. Cullen corylifolium), commonly called bawachi, is a medicinal plant extensively used for skin conditions like leukoderma, vitiligo, and psoriasis. It is notably rich in valuable bioactive compounds, particularly coumarins and furanocoumarins. This study isolated fourteen coumarins from P. corylifolia which were tested for cytotoxicity using the MTT assay, with compound 10 showing good cytotoxicity against A549 cells (IC50 0.9 μM), while compound 1, compound 2, and compound 3 displaying potential cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 0.49 μM, 0.56 μM, and 0.84 μM respectively). Additionally, the compounds′ interaction with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) protein, highly expressed in both cell lines, was investigated through molecular modeling studies, that aligned well with cytotoxicity results. The findings revealed the remarkable cytotoxic potential of four coumarins 1, 2, 3, and 10 against A549 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. © 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.
Level of serum IL-12 and its correlation with endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, proinflammatory cytokines and lipid profile in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
(2011) Manish Mishra; Hemant Kumar; Surabhi Bajpai; Rakesh K. Singh; Kamlakar Tripathi
Aim: This study was an attempt to evaluate and correlate serum interleukin-12 (IL-12) with different circulating markers in newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for possible progression of atherosclerosis. Methods: For this study, we recruited 1968 family members of diabetics and 349 had abnormal glucose. Out of 349 subjects, 197 were T2DM as per American Diabetes Association guidelines and further investigated for cardiovascular abnormalities. 63 T2DM have high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) > 3.0. mg/l and cardiovascular complications. Overall, 150 subjects, 50 healthy, 50 T2DM (D1) and 50 T2DM with cardiovascular complications (D2) were enrolled and investigated for soluble markers. Results: The levels of serum glucose, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor), endothelial dysfunction markers [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), nitric oxide] and lipid abnormality were highest in D2 group. Correlation and regression study showed that IL-12 was dependent on hsCRP, insulin resistance, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and lipids. The multivariate stepwise regression analysis demonstrates that hsCRP contributes significantly for variance of IL-12. Conclusion: This study reveals that, even first-time diagnosis of T2DM, subjects with higher insulin resistance and abnormal lipids have elevated IL-12, endothelial dysfunction and proinflammatory markers. Further increased hsCRP enhance IL-12 which up-regulate cardiovascular disease progression. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Nanomedicine and leishmaniasis: Future prospects
(S.C. Virtual Company of Phisics S.R.L, 2009) Jalaj Kumar Gour; Ankita Srivastava; Vinod Kumar; Surabhi Bajpai; Hemant Kumar; Manish Mishra; Rakesh K. Singh
The increasing incidences of leishmaniasis due to toxicity and resistance of drug as a result of high drug dose and its spreading to newer areas needt to develop newer drugs for its effective control. Major problem in the treatment of leishmaniasis is failure of humoral response. Moreover, immunodepression and particularly HIV-VL co-infection also present a major cause of treatment failure. Chemotherapy using present antileishmanial drugs is difficult due to the location of parasites within lysosomal vacuoles of the macrophages, which restricts the bioavailability of many potential antileishmanial compounds. So the treatment strategies mainly rely on induction of cellular immune response that can be effectively achieved by targeted drug delivery and the vaccine. Lacuna in its treatment regimen provokes scientists to generate a therapy that is cheaper, requires low dose of drugs and specific to its target of action as well. The causative agent of the disease, an intracellular parasite harbors macrophage and specific tissue sites, which can be the target of drug. Thus targeted drug delivery system is the need of the day. Nowadays the advancement in technology rekindles the hope for the treatment of this disease. This new hope is nanotechnology that employs the use of nanoparticles as drug carriers for the targeted drug delivery. Nanoparticles have proved to be highly stable as well as good carrier capacity as well as reduced toxicity. There are several carriers or drug delivery systems available and for leishmaniasis successful therapy with liposomes have shown some good results. For the researchers to develop the nanomedicine (anti leishmanial drugs) for leishmaniasis is on the top priority in order to get the lesser cost and pain of the patients. This article is an attempt to demonstrate the use of nanomedicine for the benefit of patients suffering with deadly disease leishmaniasis all over the world.
Potential application of endophytic bacteria for induction of abiotic stress tolerance in plants
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Hemant Kumar; Rusi Lata; Uzma Khan; James F. White; Surendra Kumar Gond
Abiotic stress is one of the main problems in agriculture worldwide. Plants under abiotic stress suffer from a variety of morpho-anatomical, physiological, and biochemical changes that impact plant growth and development and have the possibility of significantly reducing the economic yield. Researchers have better-understood plant-microbe interactions under biotic and abiotic stress in the last several years. Endophytes are microorganisms that establish a symbiotic relationship with the host plant, exerting their presence without inducing any detrimental effects. Endophytic bacteria (EB) can regulate plant tolerance through different mechanisms, such as nutrient uptake, antioxidant enzyme activity, induction of plant development through phytohormones, and the synthesis of stress-responsive substances. Recent studies demonstrated that EB possesses the ability to elicit abiotic stress responses. EB has become a viable approach to augmenting agricultural yield and safeguarding plants against abiotic stresses. The present study provides an in-depth analysis of the significant EB contribution in facilitating plant growth and enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as drought, salinity, temperature fluctuations, heavy metal exposure, and nutrient-deficient conditions. This review addresses the role of EB in minimizing abiotic stress in plants. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
PPAR-γ agonists vs glipizide: A comparative evaluation on markers of endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis in north indian type 2 diabetes mellitus with cardiovascular complications
(2009) Manish Mishra; Hemant Kumar; Deepa Pokharia; Awadhesh Kumar Arya; Surabhi Bajpai; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Kamlakar Tripathi
Cardiovascular complications due to diabetes mellitus are most common cause of mortality in the world. The appropriate glycemic control can reduce these complications and delayed its onset in diabetes patients. In this study we examined the level of endothelial dysfunction markers {high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NOx)} and angiogenesis markers {vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiogenin} in ninety poorly glycemic controlled north Indian type-2 diabetes patients with cardiovascular complications. They were divided in three groups (30 patients each) based on anti-diabetic drugs received. All the patients were evaluated for glycemic control, serum insulin, hsCRP, TNF-α, NOx, VEGF and angiogenin level, before and after 16 weeks of treatment. Reduction in serum fasting glucose, post prandial glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C%) were significant in all groups. The PPAR-γ agonist (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone) increases the level of HDL cholesterol while glipizide decreases it. Reduction in serum hsCRP, TNF-α, NOx and augmentation in insulin, VEGF, angiogenin levels were significant in all three groups. Decline in hsCRP, TNF-α, NOx and rise in VEGF and angiogenin were highest in PPAR-γ group. Present study revealed that PPAR-γ agonists decreases endothelial dysfunction markers and enhances angiogenesis markers as compared to glipizide. © 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.