Browsing by Author "Hussain Ara"

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An improved method of proliferation of proembryogenic calli of Mangifera indica L. var. Amrapali for scale-up of somatic embryo production
(2004) Hussain Ara; Uma Jaiswal; V.S. Jaiswal
Rapid enhancement of proliferation of PECs (proembryogenic calli), obtained from the excised nucellus tissue of var. Amrapali, with high efficiency somatic embryo production has been achieved by manipulating the medium with different growth regulators. Among the growth regulators tested, 1. 0 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) and 1.0 mg/l NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid), either alone or with 1.0 mg/l Kn (kinetin), stimulated proliferation of the PEC in both the liquid and solid medium; although, it was more profuse (<5 times) in the liquid medium. Depending upon the physical state and growth regulator(s) supplemented to the medium, the PECs appeared in three morphotypes. Type-III PEC, which was in the form of fine suspensions of dispersible and highly proliferating single cells and small cell aggregates, showed greater potentially for differentiation of somatic embryos in both states of the medium; however, in liquid medium the globular somatic embryos dedifferentiated and callused soon after their differentiation. In contrast, on the semi-solid medium these globular somatic embryos successfully developed into cotyledonary-stage. Type-III PEC (10 mg) had the capacity to produce up to 350 somatic embryos on semi-solid medium. Such somatic embryos matured and grew into plantlets. The method offers a possibility of rapid multiplication in the mango var. Amrapali.
Rooting of microshoots of Mangifera indica L. cv. Amrapali
(1998) Hussain Ara; Uma Jaiswal; V.S. Jaiswal
A two-step protocol has been developed for in vitro rooting of microshoots excised from plantlets obtained from nucellar somatic embryos of Amrapali cultivar of mango. Role of auxins, their concentrations, treatment periods and culture illumination conditions for conferring competence for rooting have been ascertained. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was found to be the most potent among three auxins (IBA, indoleacetic acid and α-naphthaleneacetic acid) tested for gaining competence for efficient rooting and root growth. Maximum rooting (89.71%) was found on auxin-free agar-gelled rooting medium after 24 h pulse treatment with 5.0 mg/l IBA in liquid root induction medium in dark. Dark condition favoured root induction and root growth, whereas light incubation (16 h photoperiod with 60 μE m-2s-1 light intensity) was inhibitory.
Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in Amrapali and Chausa cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.)
(2000) Hussain Ara; Uma Jaiswal; V.S. Jaiswal
Somatic embryogenesis has been obtained from nucellus of two monoembryonic Indian mango cultivars 'Amrapali' and 'Chausa'. Among the four auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA & 2,4-D) tested, only 2,4-D stimulated callus initiation and induction of proembryogenic callus in cultured bisected ovules containing nucellus minus zygotic embryos. The proembryogenic calli produced up to 130 somatic embryos when transferred to 2,4-D-free medium. The presence of 2,4-D in the medium inhibited progression of development of somatic embryos. The best medium for the production, development and maturation of somatic embryos was the modified M4E medium which contained full-strength BS macrosalts, MS microsalts, MS iron-EDTA and MS organics along with 400 mg/1 L-glutamine, 6% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar. The mature somatic embryos gave rise to plantlets in liquid medium containing half-strength BS macrosalts and 1.0 mg/1 GA3. The in vitro raised plantlets of Amrapali cultivar have been successfully transplanted in earthen pots containing garden soil, but those of Chausa failed to survive in the garden soil but have been established in pots containing sand and soil (3:1) mixture.
Synthetic seed: Prospects and limitations
(2000) Hussain Ara; Uma Jaiswal; V.S. Jaiswal
The synthetic seed technology has been developed to use somatic embryos and/or other micropropagules as seed analogues successfully in the field or greenhouse, and their mechanical planting at a commercial level. The technology provides methods for preparation of seed analogues called synthetic seeds or artificial seeds from the micropropagules like somatic embryos, axillary shoot buds, apical shoot tips, embryogenic calli as well as protocorm or protocorm-like bodies. For the last fifteen years, intensive research efforts have been made on synthetic seed production in a number of plant species. Despite these researches, practical implementation of the technology is yet to be fully realized due to limitations encountered with the production, development, maturation and subsequent conversion of the micropropagules into plantlets under in vitro or ex vitro conditions. The present article focuses on the technology developed, its achievements and prospects as well as limitations resisting the application of the synthetic seed technology.