Browsing by Author "J.K. Singh"

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Characterization of A356/(fly ash+ red mud) surface hybrid composite fabricated by friction stir processing
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Rabindra Prasad; Harikishor Kumar; Nitesh K. Sinha; S.P. Tewari; J.K. Singh; Siddharth Yadav; Manish Deo
Friction stir processing (FSP) is considered as a potential technique for fabrication of surface composites due to its solid-state nature along with its capability to modify microstructural features. In the present investigation, emphasis was on utilization of wastes (fly ash and red mud) as reinforcements instead of costly ceramics for surface composite fabrication in order to reduce overall cost along with environmental threats. Equal proportions of fly ash and red mud particles were reinforced on the surface of as cast A356 alloy to fabricate A356/(red mud+ fly ash) hybrid surface composite via FSP. Microstructural features revealed evenly dispersed particles throughout the stir zone with an excellent bonding. Defects such as clustering, segregation along grain boundaries and pores at the interface were not observed. Compositional analysis indicated peaks related to matrix and reinforced particles only. Hardness and tensile strength in the stir zone improved significantly in comparison of as cast A356 alloy. This may be ascribed to grain refinement, uniform distribution of particles in the matrix and good interfacial strength between matrix and particulates. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of age of seedling and spacing on yield, economics, soil health and digestibility of rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes under system of rice intensification
(2013) Kalyan Singh; S.R. Singh; J.K. Singh; R.S. Rathore; Shishu Pal Singh; Rina Roy
A field experiment was conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during 2008 to 2010 to evaluate the influence of system of rice intensification (SRI) under different age of seedling and spacing on productivity of rice genotypes and soil health. Rice genotype PHB 71 was significantly superior to NDR 359 with respect to yield attributes, grain yield, economics, nutrient uptake and soil health. Ten days old seedlings were also significantly better than those of other age of 12 and 14 days old seedlings in respect of yield attributes, grain yield, economics, nutrient uptake and soil health. Similarly wider row spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm significantly favoured higher values of yield attributes, grain yield, economics, nutrient uptake, and soil health due to profuse root growth. Rice hybrid PHB 71 had poor digestibility of rice straw having higher values of crude protein content, crude fiber, oxalic acid and lower values of nitrogen free extract and total ash compared to NDR 359.
Effect of anodization on corrosion behaviour and biocompatibility of Cp-titanium in simulated body fluid
(2013) Archana Singh; B.P. Singh; Mohan R. Wani; Dinesh Kumar; J.K. Singh; Vakil Singh
The objective of this investigation is to study the effectiveness of anodized surface of commercial purity titanium (Cp-Ti) on its corrosion behaviour in simulated body fluid (SBF) and proliferation of osteoblast cells on it, to assess its potentiality as a process of surface modification in enhancing corrosion resistance and osseointegration of dental implants. Highly ordered nano-porous oxide layer, with nano-sized pores, is developed on the surface of Cp- Ti through electrochemical anodization in the electrolyte of aqueous solution of 0.5% HF at 15 V for 30 min at 24 °C. The nano-porous feature of the anodized surface is characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Pores of some anodized samples are sealed by exposing the anodized surface in boiling water. Corrosion behaviour of the anodized specimen is studied in Ringer's solution at 30 ± 2 °C, using electrochemical impedance and cyclic polarization technique. Biocompatibility of the anodized surface is accessed using MG63 osteoblast cells. Both corrosion as well as pitting resistance of Cp-Ti in simulated body fluid are found to be highest in the anodized and sealed condition and followed in decreasing order by those of anodized and unanodized ones. Significantly higher MG63 osteoblast cell proliferations are found on the anodized surface than that on the unanodized one. Anodized Cp-Ti develops nano-size surface pores, like that of natural bone. It enhances corrosion and pitting resistance and also the process of osteoblast cell proliferation on Cp-Ti. © Indian Academy of Sciences.
Effect of fertilizer levels and organic sources of nitrogen on production potential of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) and soil properties under system of rice intensification
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2014) V.K. Srivastava; J.K. Singh; J.S. Bohra; S.P. Singh
A field experiment was carried out during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2010 and 2011 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the performance of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) ‘PHB 71’ to fertilizer levels and nitrogen levels applied through organic sources on production potential, nutrient uptake and soil physic-chemical properties under system of rice intensification (SRI). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design keeping 3 fertilizer levels [50%, 75% and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)] in main plots and three levels of nitrogen (15, 30 and 45 kg N/ha) applied through 2 organic sources (FYM, farmyard manure and VC, vermicompost) in sub-plots comprising 18 treatment combinations replicated thrice. An application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) increased effective tillers/m2 (10.1%), filled grains/panicle (18.6%), test weight (11.0%), grain yield (19.0%) and straw yield (24.2%) over the 50% RDF. As regards the 3 levels of N (15, 30 and 45 kg/ha) through organic sources, an application of 45 kg N either through VC or FYM resulted in higher values of yield attributes, grain and straw yields than 30 kg N/ha either through VC or FYM. Further, increasing fertilizer levels from 50% to 100% RDF, significantly enhanced the nutrient uptake (NPK) by grain and straw as well as soil organic carbon content and available NPK at harvesting. However, 45 kg N/ha applied either through FYM or VC resulted in the maximum NPK uptake by the crop and enhanced soil electrical conductivity, organic carbon as well as available N, P and K content of the soil, but reduced the soil pH at the end of two crop cycles. Interactive effect on grain yield was found significant between fertilizer levels and organic sources applied at varied N levels. Application of 75% RDF + 45 kg N/ha through VC resulted in markedly higher grain yield but remained at par with 100% RDF applied in conjunction with 30 or 45 kg N/ha as FYM and VC both. The integration of 100% RDF accompanied with 30 kg N/ha through VC gave the maximum net returns (59,804/ha). © 2014, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Effect of INM in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa) under SRI and its residual effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum)
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2020) Abhinav Kumar; J.K. Singh; P.K. Upadhyay
The field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India during two consecutive rainy (kharij) and winter (rabi) seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17 in split plot design to study the effect of integrated nitrogen management (INM) [100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN: 120 kg N/ha), 75% RDN + 25% N through Azolla microphylla, 75% RDN + 25% RDN through NADEP compost, 75% RDN + 25% RDN through sewage sludge and 75% RDN + 25% RDN through vermicompost] in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties (HUR-4-3, HUR-105, NDR-6093 and Rajendra Kasturi) under system of rice intensification and its residual effect on productivity of succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The results of the study revealed that the variety HUR-4-3 and the INM with 75% RDN + 25% N through Azolla microphylla were found superior in terms of enhanced growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake, milling quality and length-breadth ratio (L/B) before cooking as compared to rest of the varieties and integrated nitrogen management, respectively. It was found that soil microbial population get improved when 75% RDN was coupled with 25% N through Azolla microphylla. Further, higher gross income, net return and output-input ratio were attributed to the variety Rajendra Kasturi (177.47x103 130.35x!03 ?/ha and 3.79, respectively) and the application of 75% RDN + 25% N through Azolla microphylla (162.21 x 103 117.14x 103 ?/ha and 3.6, respectively). Moreover, varieties did not show marked effect on yield of the succeeding wheat while significant yield enhancement was evident as a result of nitrogen management in preceding rice with 75% RDN + 25% N through Azolla microphylla. © 2020 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen management on rice (Oryza sativa) under system of rice intensification and its residual effect on lentil (Lens culinaris)
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2017) Madane Ananda Jagannath; J.K. Singh; Avijit Sen; J.S. Bohra
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen management on growth, yield, quality and relative economics of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) (cv. ‘PHB 71’) under SRI and their residual effect on lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) (cv. ‘HUL 57’) on sandy-clay loam soil of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons of 2014–15 and 2015–16. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design assigning 3 irrigation scheduling [irrigation at 2 days after disappearance of ponded water (DADPW), 5 DADPW and 8 DADPW] in the main-plots and 5 nitrogen management practices, [Recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), RDN + Sesbania aculeata Poir as co-culture with rice, 75% RDN + Sesbania aculeata Poir as co-culture with rice, RDN + blue green algae (BGA) and 75% RDN+BGA] in the sub-plots, with 3 replications. Results revealed higher growth parameters, yield attributes and grain and straw yields (6.67 and 8.43 t/ha, respectively) under scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW as compared to 8 DADPW although it was statistically at par with scheduling of irrigation at 5 days after disappearance of ponded water. The magnitude of increase in grain and straw yield of hybrid rice under SRI by scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW over 8 DADPW was 14.0 and 10.3%, respectively on pooled basis. The NPK uptake by the crop and hulling, milling and head rice recovery of rice grain were found to be higher under scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW. Among the nitrogen management practices, RDN+BGA produced markedly higher leaf-area index (4.78), dry matter accumulation/hill (67.6 g), effective tillers/m2 (262), panicle length (31.7 cm), grains/panicle (190), weight/panicle (5.64 g), 1,000-grain weight (24.8 g), grain yield (6.78 t/ha) and straw yield (8.66 t/ha) over other nitrogen management practices. The residual effect of scheduling of irrigation at 5 DADPW applied to rice exhibited higher value of pods/plant, 1,000-grain weight, yield of grain and stover of lentil as well as NPK uptake by the crop. Further, application of RDN (150 kg N/ha) along with BGA (12 kg BGA powder/ha) to rice recorded the highest pods/plant, 1,000-grain weight and grain and stover yield and NPK uptake by succeeding lentil. © 2017, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen management on yield and economics of SRI-grown hybrid rice (Oryza sativa)
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2021) Madane Ananda Jagannath; J.K. Singh; Vijay Pratap
A field experiment was conducted during rainy season (2014-15) at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to standardize water saving and economical nitrogen management options for hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) under SRI. The experiment was laid-out in a three-times replicated split-plot design involving three irrigation scheduling, viz. irrigation at 2 days after disappearance of ponded water (DADPW), 5 DADPW and 8 DADPW assigned to main-plots and five nitrogen management options, viz. 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN, 150 kg N/ha), 100% RDN + Sesbania aculeata, 75% RDN + Sesbania aculeata, 100% RDN + BGA (12 kg/ha) and 75% RDN + BGA (12 kg/ha) were allotted in sub-plots. Results reveal that scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW was recorded significantly higher dry matter accumulation (DMA), leaf area index (LAI), yield attributes and finally enhanced grain yield and net returns by 16.2, 20.3% and 11.7 and 12.6% during 2014 and 2015, respectively over 8 DADPW but statistically at par with scheduling of irrigation at 5 DADPW. Among nitrogen management options, application of 100% RDN (150 kg N/ha) + BGA (12 kg/ha) recorded higher DMA, LAI, yield attributes and finally enhanced grain yield and net returns by 14.4, 22.8% and 12.6 and 18.5%, respectively over application of 100% RDN alone. Hence, irrigation at 2 DADPW and combined application of 100% RDN + BGA (12 kg/ha) can be recommended for obtaining higher yield and profit from hybrid rice under SRI. © 2021 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Effect of transplanting date and age of seedlings on growth, yield and quality of hybrids under system of rice (Oryza sativa) intensification and their effect on soil fertility
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2016) Akhilesh Vishwakarma; J.K. Singh; Avijit Sen; J.S. Bohra; Smita Singh
A field experiment to study the effect of transplanting date and age of seedlings on growth, yield and quality of rice hybrids under SRI and their effect on soil fertility was conducted on sandy-clay loam soil at Varanasi during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2012 and 2013. The experiment on sandy loam soil was laid out in split-split plot design assigning three dates of transplanting (27 June, 7 July and 17 July) in main plot, two rice hybrids (PHB-71 and Pusa RH-10) in sub-plot and three age of seedlings (10, 14 and 18-day old) in sub-sub plot with three replications. Results revealed that higher growth parameters, viz. plant height (104.2 cm), tillers/hill (20.4), leaf area index (5.16) and dry matter accumulation/hill (31.2 g) and yield attributes, viz. effective tillers/m2 (248.2), panicle length (30.5 cm), grains/panicle (176), weight/panicle (5.08 g) and test weight (23.11 g), grain and straw yield (6.67 and 8.71 tonnes/ha, respectively) and harvest index (43.17) were observed under 27 June transplanting as compared to rest of the two dates of planting. Protein content in grain and kernel length before and after cooking also registered significant improvement in 27 June transplanted crop. The magnitude of increase in grain and straw yield of hybrid under SRI by the early transplanting (27 June) as compared to the late transplanting (17 July) was 19.9 and 15.2 %, respectively on pooled basis. However, soil pH, EC, organic carbon, available NPK, hulling, milling and head rice recovery percentage, kernel breadth (B) before and after cooking, length (L) elongation ratio and L/B ratio remained unaffected due to different dates of transplanting. Among the hybrids, PHB-71 produced markedly higher plant height (104.8 cm), tillers/hill (17.6), leaf-area index (4.91), dry matter accumulation/hill (29.5 g), effective tillers/m2 (236.4), panicle length (30.1 cm), grains/panicle (188), weight/panicle (4.62 g), test weight (22.67 g), grain yield (7.00 tonnes/ha), straw yield (8.95 tonnes/ha) and harvest index (43.87) over Pusa RH-10. Organic carbon content in soil as well as quality parameters viz. hulling, milling and head rice recovery percentage, protein content and kernel breadth before and after cooking were also recorded higher with PHB-71 than the Pusa RH-10. However, maximum available NPK, kernel length before and after cooking, length elongation and length breadth ratio before cooking were recorded with 'Pusa RH-10'. Younger aged seedlings (10-day old) recorded significantly higher growth and yield parameters, yields and harvest index over older aged seedlings (18-day), whereas maximum available NPK was recorded with older aged seedlings (18-day). The 10-day old seedlings gave 6.4 and 12.9% more grain yield than 14 and 18-day old seedlings, respectively. Interactive effect on grain yield was significant among date of transplanting, age of seedlings and hybrids. Transplanting of PHB-71 hybrid on 27 June having either 10 or 14-day old seedlings resulted in markedly higher grain yield as compared to rest of the treatments. © 2016, Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Effects of biofertilizers and fertility levels on growtH, yield and nutrient removal of greengram (Vigna radiata) under Kashmir conditions
(2009) M.A. Beg; J.K. Singh
A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2004 at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture and Regional Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University ofAgricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Wadura, Baramulla, to identify optimum use of N and P with Rhizobium and PSB in 'SKUA M 86' greengram. Results revealed that Rhizobium and PSB inoculation alone significantly increased growth parameters, such as nodule dry weight/plant, LAi, plant height, dry matter accumulation, branches/plant, yield attributes and seed yield over their respective controls. The nodule dry weight/plant, LAI, plant height, 1000-seed weight and removal of P increased significantly with graded levels of N and P from control up to 30 kg N and 60 kg P 2O 5/ha. However, the highest pods/plant (14.1) and seed yield (1 108 kg/ha) obtained with 20 kg N and 45 kg P 20O 5/ha were remarkably increased by 64 and 72.9%, respectively compared to control (no N and P). Further, the net income (Rs 19 942/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.91) were also considerably higher with the same treatment. Interaction effect turned out to be significant and indicated that the dual inoculation with Rhizobium and PSB under moderate fertility level (20 kg N+45 kg P 2O 5/ha) proved beneficial for boosting seed yield (1 182 kg/ha), and gave maximum net income (Rs 21 941/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.10).
Efficacy of herbicides and nutrient management on weed dynamics and yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2018) Smita Singh; R.P. Singh; U.N. Shukla; J.K. Singh; O.N. Singh
A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of herbicides and integrated nutrient managements on weed dynamics, NPK removal and yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during 2009 and 2010. The results revealed that the pendimethalin fb quizalofop-p-ethyl had significantly marked potential to minimize the weed dynamics of Chenopodium album, Melilotus alba, Melilotus indica and Cyperus rotundus significantly, resulted in marked reduction on total weed density (41.48 and 41.11 nos/m), weed dry weight (45.62 and 44.68 g/m) and weed index at all stages of crop growth during 2009 and 2010, respectively and showed higher weed control efficiency over the alone application of pendimethalin. Recommended dose + 200 kg Wellgro Soil (Dust) minimized broad leaves weeds (BLWs) over rest of the fertility levels but at par with RD + 300 kg Wellgro Soil (Dust) in respect of BLWs weed density that resulted in enhanced weed index due to higher weed control efficiency over rest of the fertility levels during both the years of study. Significantly lower NPK removal by weeds at harvest recorded with pendimethalin fb quizalofop-p-ethyl under recommended dose + 200 kg Wellgro Soil (Dust), though remained at par with recommended dose + 300 kg Wellgro Soil (Dust). © 2018 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Factors Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Use among Pregnant Women in Rural Areas of the Southern Terai, Nepal
(2017) J.K. Singh; D. Acharya; R. Kadel; S. Adhikari; D. Lombard; S. Koirala; R. Paudel
BACKGROUND: Tobacco use among women during pregnancy leading to poor maternal and child health outcomes has been well documented. However, factors influencing use of smokeless tobacco in Nepal has not yet been well established. This study aims at exploring the factors related to smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in rural southern Terai of Nepal. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was performed at 52 wards within 6 Village Development Committee in Dhanusha district of Nepal. A total of 426 expectant mothers in their second trimester were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Descriptive and regression analyses were done to explore the factors that influence smokeless tobacco use. RESULTS: In a total of 426 pregnant mothers, one in five used tobacco in any form. Among the users, 13.4% used smokeless tobacco. Pregnant mothers who were smoking tobacco (AOR 6.01; 95% CI (1.88-19.23), having alcohol consumption (AOR 3.86; 95% CI (1.23-12.08), stressed (AOR 5.04; 95% CI (1.81-14.03), non-vegetarian (AOR 3.31;(1.84-13.03), not attending regular mothers' group meetings (AOR 4.63; (1.41-15.19), and not-exposed to mass media (AOR 5.02; (1.89-13.33) were significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use. Similarly, mothers of age group 20-34 years, dalit, aadibasi and janajati, hill origin, no education and primary education were more likely to use smokeless tobacco than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Factors such as smoking tobacco, alcohol consumption, stress, and poor education were found to be significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in southern Terai of Nepal. This requires an immediate attention develop an effective strategy to prevent and control smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in southern Terai of Nepal.
Influence of NPK, S and variety on growth, yield and quality of irrigated linseed (Linum usitatissimum)
(2013) D.N. Singh; J.S. Bohra; J.K. Singh
[No abstract available]
Optimization of Oxidation Temperature for Commercially Pure Titanium to Achieve Improved Corrosion Resistance
(Springer New York LLC, 2017) Rajesh Bansal; J.K. Singh; Vakil Singh; D.D.N. Singh; Parimal Das
Thermal oxidation of commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) was carried out at different temperatures, ranging from 200 to 900 °C to achieve optimum corrosion resistance of the thermally treated surface in simulated body fluid. Scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the oxides and assess their protective properties exposed in the test electrolyte. Maximum resistance toward corrosion was observed for samples oxidized at 500 °C. This was attributed to the formation of a composite layer of oxides at this temperature comprising Ti2O3 (titanium sesquioxide), anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 on the surface of cp-Ti. Formation of an intact and pore-free oxide-substrate interface also improved its corrosion resistance. © 2017, ASM International.
Phosphorus management in maize-onion cropping sequence under rainfed temperate conditions of inceptisol
(2011) S.R. Singh; G.R. Najar; Ummed Singh; J.K. Singh
A field experiment was conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 to evaluate the direct effect of phosphorus (P) levels and their solubilizers on maize and residual effect on succeeding onion under rainfed temperate conditions of Kashmir valley. Yield and P uptake of maize were significantly increased with increasing levels of P up to 13.1 kg ha-1 whereas post-harvest soil available P increased significantly up to 19.7 kg P ha-1. Significantly higher root colonization, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) spore density and viable counts of Pseudomonas striata were recorded with the application of 6.6 kg P ha-1 over rest of the treatments but significantly decreased with increasing levels of P from 6.6 to 19.7 kg ha-1. Co-inoculation of VAM+ phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) significantly enhanced the maize yield, P uptake by grains and stover, root colonization, VAM spore density and Pseudomonas striata population over sole inoculation of VAM and PSB. Interaction P6.6×(VAM+PSB) was superior to all the combinations in respect of colonization, VAM spores and Pseudomonas striata counts whereas P13.1×VAM+PSB recorded maximum increase in yield and P uptake of maize. Highest residual effect on bulb yield of onion and available P after onion was recorded under 19.7 kg P ha-1 followed by 13.1 kg P ha-1 which increased the onion yield by 15.7 and 17.3% and available P by 21.9 and 39.8% over no-P during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively. Application of 13.1 kg P ha-1 along with VAM+PSB was adequate for sustaining crop productivity and maintaining soil health in maize-onion cropping sequence under temperate rainfed Inceptisol.
Productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa) hybrids as influenced by date of transplanting and age of seedling under system of rice intensification
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2016) Akhilesh Vishwakarma; J.K. Singh; Rajesh Kumar Singh; A.L. Jat
The field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2012 and 2013 on sandy-clay loam soil at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to evaluate suitable date of transplanting (27 June, 7 July and 17 July) and age of seedling (10, 14 and 18-days-old) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids (‘PHB 71’ and ‘Pusa RH 10’) under system of rice intensification. Transplanting of rice on 27 June showed significantly higher growth parameters, viz. plant height, tillers/hill, leaf-area index (LAI) and dry-matter accumulation, and also superior in phenology, effective tillers/m2, grains/panicle and grain weight as compared to 7 July and 17 July planting. Further, grain yield, net returns, benefit: cost ratio and nutrient uptake were significantly increased by 27 June transplanting over rest of the dates of transplanting. Of the rice cultivars, ‘PHB 71’ exhibited significantly higher growth parameters, phenology, yield attributes, yield, net returns, benefit: cost ratio and nutrient uptake over ‘Pusa RH 10’. The 10-day-old seedlings registered 12.9% and 6.4% higher grain yield than seedlings of 14 days and 18 days by significant improvement in growth parameters, and nutrient uptake. Rice ‘PHB 71’ transplanted on 27 June with 10-day-old seedlings exhibited 33.9% higher grain yield over the transplanting on 17 July of 18-day-old seedlings. Moreover, aromatic hybrid rice ‘Pusa RH 10’ planted on 27 June with 10-day-old seedlings improved grain yield by 38.3% as compared to it planted on 17 July with 18-day-old seedlings. © 2017, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Productivity, economics and competitive indices of lentil (Lens Culinaris)-based intercropping systems in Kashmir valley
(2009) Lal Singh; J.K. Singh; Lekh Chand; Badrul Hasan
A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Shalimar, Srinagar to study the productivity and profitability of lentil (Lens Culinaris Medik)-based intercropping systems. Eleven lentil based cropping systems viz., lentil sole, brown sarson (Brassica campestris L. var. brown sarson) sole, oats (Avena sativa L.) sole, lentil+brown sarson 1:1, lentil+brown sarson 2:1, lentil+brown sarson 4:1, lentil+brown sarson 6:1, lentil+oats 1:1, lentil+oats 2:1, lentil+oats 4:1 and lentil+oats 6:1, were tested in randomized block design with three replications. Number of pods/plant of lentil were significantly higher in sole crop followed by 6:1 and 4:1 row ratio of lentil + brown sarson and lentil + oats systems, respectively. Significantly higher siliquae/plant was recorded in intercropping systems compared to sole brown sarson. Seed yield of lentil (1.46 t/ha) and brown sarson (1.37 t/ha) was highest in sole stand. Based on lentil seed equivalent yields (1.47 t/ha), net returns (Rs 25,750) and B:C ratio (3.32), lentil + oats in 2:1 was found the best. It was closely followed by sole lentil.
Productivity, nitrogen balance and economics of winter maize (Zea mays) as influenced by QPM cultivars and nitrogen levels
(2014) Hari Om; S.P. Singh; J.K. Singh; R.N. Singh; M.A. Ansari; R.L. Meena; Brijesh Yadav
The experimental findings suggests that SEEDTEC 2324 proved superior over other cultivars for increasing yield of winter maize and application of 240 kg N/ha was found most suitable for achieving higher yield and profitability of winter maize in eastern Uttar Pradesh conditions. Further investigations are required to bring yields of QPM cultivars at par with the best normal endosperm cultivars.
Quality and profitability of indian mustard (Brassica juncea) as affected by nutrient-management practices under irrigated condition
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2015) Bater Dabi; J.K. Singh; Rajesh Kumar Singh; Akhilesh Vishwakarma
A field experiment was carried out during the winter season (rabi) of 2010 at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study, the effect of nutrient-management practices on productivity, economics and quality of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson] under irrigated condition. Eight treatment combinations, viz. control, N67.5 P30 [75% recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorus (RDNP)], N90 P40 (100% RDNP), N112.5 P50 (125% RDNP), Azotobacter + phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) (AP), N67.5 P30 + AP, N90 P40 + AP, N112.5 P50 + AP, were laid out in 3 times replicated under randomized block design. Application of 125% RDNP (112.5 kg N and 50 kg P2 O5 /ha) being at par with 100% RDNP under conjunctive use of Azotobacter and PSB recorded the maximum growth parameters, viz. plant height (177.3 cm), dry-matter accumulation (64.3 g/plant), primary branches/plant (7.67), secondary branches/plant (6.73) and yield attributes, viz. siliquae/plant (140.7), length of siliqua (4.78 cm), seeds/siliqua (12.12) and 1000-seed weight (4.89 g) resulted in 89 and 17.8% higher seed yield (1.72 t/ha) over the control (no NP) and 100% RDNP alone, respectively. However, application of 100% RDNP (90 kg N and 40 kg P2 O5 /ha) along with dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB besides improving quality as well as oil content of Indian mustard (cv. ‘Ashirwad’) under irrigated condition, also registered maximum benefit: cost ratio (1.79). © 2015 Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Real time nitrogen management for higher N-use efficiency in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) under temperate Kashmir conditions
(2009) D.K. Singh; J.K. Singh; Lal Singh
A field experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar during 2004 and 2005 to study the leaf colour chart (LCC)-based nitrogen management for increasing N-use efficiency and reducing nitrate N leaching in transplanted rice under temperate conditions of Kashmir. The experiment comprised 8 N management practices; control, use of threshold values of LCC ≤ 3 and LCC ≤ 5 and use of recommended N rates [120 kg/ha applied in 3 splits (50% as basal, 25% at active tillering and 25% at panicle initiation)] were conducted in randomized block design with 3 replications. LCC ≤ 5 (180 kg N/ha applied in 6 splits) recorded significantly higher grain yields (6.61 and 6.70 tonnes/ha, respectively in 2004 and 2005) but rat par with application each of 20 kg N/ha at same LCC level (5.96 and 6.03 tonnes/ha, respectively in 2004 and 2005) without basal dose of nitrogen application (total of 100 kg N/ha), as compared to recommended dose of 120 kg N (4.86 and 4.81 tonnes/ha) and LCC ≤ 3 (60 and 90 kg N/ha). The LCC ≤ 3 (60 and 90 kg N/ha applied in 2 and 3 splits, respectively) was statistically at par with recommended dose of 120 kg N/ha in respect of yield and yield attributes. The nitrogen-use efficiency and apparent recovery were significantly higher with LCC-based N management than the recommended N management. Further higher agronomic efficiency (29.4 and 32.7 kg grain/kg N applied), apparent N recovery (52 and 57% respectively in 2004 and 2005) and returns/rupee investment in account of applied N (19.2 and 19.3/Re in the respective years) were recorded with LCC ≤ 5, where 20 kg N/ha was applied in 5 equal splits without basal application. Thus LCC threshed value ≤ 5 (100 kg N/ha) helped avoid over application of N to rice.
Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) intercropping to different row ratios and nitrogen levels under rainfed conditions of temperate Kashmir
(2007) J.K. Singh
A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-K Regional Research Station, Wadura in Kashmir during rainy (kharif) season 2002 and 2003, to study the response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropping to different row ratios (1:1 and 2:2) and nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha) under rainfed conditions. Intercropping reduced the values of growth parameters, yield attributes and seed yield of both sunflower and french bean compared with their sole crops. Both the intercroppings recorded significantly higher sunflower-equivalent yield (SEY), net income and benefit: cost ratio than their sole stands. Intercropping of sunflower + french bean under 2:2 row ratio recorded significantly higher SEY (1,231 kg/ha), land-equivalent ratio (1.25), net income (Rs 13, 138/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.95), and also indicated a modest competitive ratio (2.10:0.48), followed by sunflower + french bean in 1:1 ratio. Both sunflower and french bean in sole and intercropping responded favourably up to 80 kg N/ ha only for leaf-area index, dry-matter accumulation, yield attributes, seed yield, N uptake, net income and benefit: cost ratio. The interaction effects of the factors showed that mean SEY responded to N application up to 80 kg/ha in 2:2 row ratio of sunflower+ french bean.