Browsing by Author "J.P. Lal"

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Effect of different dose of gamma rays on two varieties of linseed crop (Linum usitatissimum L.)
(2013) Alok Rai; S.S. Bornare; L.C. Prasad; J.P. Lal; R. Prasad
Two diverse and improved varieties of, linseed crops namely T-397 and Shekhar were exposed to different doses of gamma rays viz. 40, 50 and 60 kR a Co60 source at the National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow. Yield in oilseed is a complex trait in which plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, grain yield per plant and seed weight constitued to be the major yield components. Addition to this types of mutagen and different dose of mutagens are also important in relation to creation of variability. The present findings on induced polygenic variability in two varieties of linseed (T-397 and Shekhar) clearly exhibited the significant differences between the mean values recorded for different populations of mutagenic treatments and the control for all the chraracters studied. The behaviour of varieties was observed to be changed for survival of plants scored at maturity where T-397 had higher percentage of plant survival as compared to Shekhar. The means of treated populations shifted in negative directions as compared to that of control. Based on Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) as to minimize DNA damage and reduce undesirable mutations, radiation doses which lie between 40 and 60 kR of gamma- rays can be considered suitable for induction of mutation in linseed varieties. It is important to note that the doses or concentrations of mutagens selected had negative effects on mean but showed positive effects on variability for grain yield per plant.
Effects of crop growth and soil treatments on microbial C, N, and P in dry tropical arable land
(Springer-Verlag, 1994) S.C. Srivastava; J.P. Lal
We studied the dynamics of microbial C, N, and P in soil cropped with rice (Oryza sativa) and lentils (Lens culinaris) in a dryland farming system. The crop biomass and grain yield were also studied. The microbial biomass and its N and P contents were larger under the lentil than under the rice crop. Microbial nutrients decreased as the crops grew and then increased again. Farmyard manure and NPK fertilizer applications increased the level of microbial nutrients, crop biomass, and grain yield by 35-80%, 55-85%, and 74-86%, respectively. However, these applications had no significant effect on most of the soil physicochemical properties in the short term. The microbial biomass was correlated with the crop biomass and grain yield. The calculated flux of N and P through the microbial biomass ranged from 30-45 and 10-19 kg ha-1 year-1, respectively. Cultivation of a cereal crop followed by a leguminous crop sustains higher levels of microbial nutrients and hence greater fertility in impoverished tropical arable soils. The soil microbial biomass appears to contribute significantly to crop productivity by releasing nutrients, and applications of manure, either alone or with fertilizers, promote this effect more strongly than the application of NPK fertilizers alone. © 1994 Springer-Verlag.
Estimation of combining ability and heterosis for yield contributing traits in exotic and indigenous crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
(Gaurav Publications, 2018) A.H. Madakemohekar; L.C. Prasad; J.P. Lal; R. Prasad
Combining ability and heterosis were determined in a population obtained from crosses between four indigenous testers and 10 exotic lines and grown under irrigated condition during 2014-15. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the presence of significant variance due to general combining ability (gca) as well as for specific combining ability (sca) among the parents for all the traits. Among the parents, Marriya, Moroc 9-75, V Morles and BH 902 were good general combiners for grain yield and its component traits. On the basis of sca effects, Yardu x Lakhan showed significant sca effect for grain yield under both the irrigated and rainfed conditions. Pristage x BH 902, Himani x RD 2508 and Atahualpa x Lakhan were recorded as desirable for number of grains per spike, whereas Marriya x K 603 for chlorophyll content. For grain yield, the maximum per cent heterosis over standard check (K 603) was observed in Moroc 9-75 x BH 902, Atahualpa x RD 2508, Marriya x Lakhan and Moroc 9-75 x K 603. Moroc 9-75 x RD 2508, Marriya x Lakhan and Rihane x BH 902 under rainfed conditions, while Atahualpa x BH 902, Yardu x Lakhan and V-Morles x RD 2508 exhibited heterobeltiosis under irrigated condition (2014-15). © 2018 Gaurav Society of Agricultural Research Information Centre. All Rights Reserved.
Exploitation of heterosis and combining ability for yield and its contributing traits in crosses of two-row and six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under rainfed environment
(Society for Plant Research, 2014) S.S. Bornare; L.C. Prasad; J.P. Lal; A.H. Madakemohekar; R. Prasad; Jaswant Singh; Sudhir Kumar
Combining ability for grain yield and its components in barley was studied in a set of four females (Testers 6 rowed), six males (lines 2 rowed) and their resultant F1’s with standard check k-603. Twenty two crosses, excluding BCU -4925 x K-603 and BCU-4922 x Karan-16, showed significant positive economic heterosis for grain yield per plant. Analysis for variance for combining ability analysis revealed that the variance due to General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combing Ability (SCA) were highly significant for most of the traits studied. The estimated value of σ2A was higher than its σ2D for plant height and thousand seed weight which indicated the predominance of additive gene action as the ratio of σ2A/σ2D was more than unity, while rest of the traits showed preponderance of non-additive gene action. The value of average degree of dominance for plant height and thousand seed weight indicated partial dominance while rest of the traits viz., chlorophyll content, spike length, awn length, number of effective tillers, number of grains per spike, harvest index and grain yield per plant showed over-dominance. Two male parents (BCU-4925 and BCU-4927) and one male parent (Lakhan) had significant and positive effect for grain yield per plant. Five crosses were found to be good specific combiners for grain yield with maximum SCA effect in cross BCU-4922 x Lakhan. © 2014, Society for Plant Research. All rights reserved.
Induced mutations in traditional aromatic rice-II characterization of certain semi-dwarf mutants and their response to nitrogen fertilization and moisture stress
(2012) S.K. Chakravarti; H. Kumar; J.P. Lal
A total of 24 mutagen induced mutants of two traditional aromatic rice genotypes (Kala Namak and Badshah Bhog) were characterized in the M3 for yield & yield components; of these 7 mutants were assessed for their response to nitrogen fertilizer & moisture stress in M4 and M5 generation, respectively. Out of 24 semi-dwarf mutants, four were early (upto 136 DAS; KNSDM1, KNSDM3, KNSDM5, KNSDM 6- all in Kala Namak), 8 with moderate maturity duration (142 to 150 DAS) and rest 12 matured in 168-173 days as compared to 167-170 days in control. The three semi-dwarf mutants of Kala Namak, namely, KNSDM3, KNSDM5 and KNSDM6 were early maturing, high yielding coupled with good aroma (2 on 0-2 scale). Of these, two mutants (KNSDM 5 and KNSDM6) also showed high L/B ratio 3.2) as compared to 2.9 in control. High level of nitrogen (120 & 160 kg/ha) delayed the maturity, increased plant height, panicle bearing tillers per plant and grain yield per plant. Relative ranking of these 7 semi-dwarf mutants with respect to nitrogen fertilization varied with the traits; 5 mutants (KNSDM5, KNSDM6, KNSDM13, BBSDM1 and BBSDM11) were parallel with regard to grain yield per plant at 120 and 160 kg nitrogen per ha. On the basis of drought parameters, the two early maturing (KNSDM 5 & KNSDM6) and two medium maturing (BBSDM6 and BBSDM11) were found to be tolerant to moisture stress.
Physiological and biochemical adaptations in lentil genotypes under drought stress
(Maik Nauka Publishing / Springer SBM, 2016) B.K. Mishra; J.P. Srivastava; J.P. Lal; M.S. Sheshshayee
Drought is a major restrictive factor for declining grain yield in lentil globally. Present investigation was conducted by taking microsperma (HUL-57) and macrosperma (IPL-406) genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) as information regarding physiological and biochemical basis of differences in drought resistance in macrosperma (bold-seeded) and microsperma (small-seeded) are not well understood. Pot grown plants were exposed to drought stress at specific phenophase viz. mid-vegetative, flower initiation and pod formation stage by withholding irrigation till the plants experienced one cycle of permanent wilting (PWP). Genotypes exhibited substantial differences for most of the measured traits under drought irrespective of the phenophase of stress imposed. Under drought HUL-57 had lower CMI, higher CSI, lower values of Δ13C, maintained higher SLN, accumulated more N and efficiently remobilized accumulated N to developing seeds. Higher chlorophyll content, increased accumulation of osmotically active solutes viz. soluble sugars and proline under drought stress was evident in HUL-57. Drought induced H2O2 accumulation and lipid peroxidation in both genotypes, but increments were of lesser magnitudes in HUL-57. Drought stress of pod formation stage followed by flower initiation stage was most damaging than the stress imposed at mid-vegetative stage in both genotypes. HUL-57 showed a better drought resistance capacity than IPL-406. Drought indices viz. DSI, STI and MP are proposed as criterion to identify and breed lentil genotypes for drought conditions. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.