Browsing by Author "J.P. Sharma"

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Effect of treatment with magnesium and potassium on mortality and reinfarction rate of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction
(1996) R.B. Singh; N.K. Singh; M.A. Niaz; J.P. Sharma
The aim of the study was to test whether magnesium and potassium administration can decrease both early and late cardiac event rates in 355 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study was conducted by a primary and secondary care research centre as a randomized, initially double-blind comparison for 4 weeks followed by a single blind period for 2 years. Patients with definite or possible AMI and unstable angina based on World Health Organization criteria were assigned within 24 hours of infarction to different groups. Treatment was administered for 3 days through intravenous infusion with either 8.12 mmol/day Mg (group A, n = 81), 10.49 mmol/day K (group B, n = 77) 10% dextrose solution (group C, n = 87) or a placebo containing 2% dextrose solution (group D, n = 81). After discharge from the hospital all groups were advised to follow a fat-reduced diet. Groups A, B, and C were also advised to take magnesium hydroxide or potassium chloride orally. Comparison of groups A and B with group D over 2 years indicated that treatment with magnesium or potassium was associated with increased (p < 0.05) serum magnesium and potassium, and significant reduction in the incidence of cardiac events (22 and 24 vs 41 patients), total mortality (9 and 10 vs 20 deaths), and ventricular ectopics (17 and 21 vs 44), respectively, in the groups. Group C showed no significant benefit. It is possible that magnesium and potassium infusion immediately after AMI and addition of Mg and K salts to the AMI regimen may enhance tissue levels of these cations, leading to significant reduction in complications and mortality after 2 years.
Effects of circadian restricted feeding on parameters of metabolic syndrome among healthy subjects
(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2020) R.B. Singh; Germaine Cornelissen; Viliam Mojto; Ghizal Fatima; Sanit Wichansawakun; Mukta Singh; Kumar Kartikey; J.P. Sharma; V.I. Torshin; Sergey Chibisov; Elena Kharlitskaya; O.A. Al-bawareed
Experimental studies indicate that energy homeostasis to the circadian clock at the behavioral, physiological, and molecular levels, emphasize that timing of food intake may play a significant role in the development of obesity and central obesity. Therefore, resetting the circadian clock by circadian energy restriction via food intake in the morning or evening, may be used as a new approach for prevention of obesity, metabolic syndrome and related diseases. After ethical clearance and written, informed consent, free living subjects were included if they volunteered to take most of the total daily meals (approximately 2000 Kcal./day) in the evening (4 weeks) or morning (4 weeks). Of 22 adults, half were randomly selected by computer generated numbers to eat in the morning and the other half in the evening, after 8.00 PM. The eating pattern was changed after 4 weeks of intervention and a 4-week washout period, those who ate in the morning were advised to eat in the evening and vice versa. Validated questionnaires were used to assess food intakes, physical activity, and intake of alcohol and tobacco. Physical examination included measurement of body weight, height, and blood pressure (BP) by sphygmomanometer. Data were regularly recorded blindly, in all subjects at start of study and during follow-up. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast for analysis of blood glucose and Hb1c. Feeding in the evening was associated with significant increase in body weight by 0.80 kg (P <.001), body mass index (BMI) by 0.30 kg/m2 (P <.001) and waist circumference by 1.13 cm (P <.05). Feeding the same amount of energy in the morning was not associated with any significant change in weight, BMI or waist circumference (P >.500). Lesser increases in all three variables were associated with AM versus PM feeding (P <.05). Systolic BP slightly increased on PM and decreased on AM feeding, with a difference between the two responses of 1.55 mmHg (P <.05). Fasting blood glucose was lower on AM than on PM feeding (74.86 vs. 77.95 mg/dl, paired t = 4.220, P <.001). Hb1C increased on PM feeding by 0.28 (from 4.45 to 4.73; t = 9.176, P <.001), but decreased on AM feeding by 0.077 (from 4.53 to 4.45; t = −6.859, P <.001). The difference in Hb1C response between AM and PM feeding is also statistically significant (t = −11.599, P <.001). Eating in the evening can predispose to obesity, central obesity and increases in fasting blood glucose and Hb1c that are indicators of the metabolic syndrome. By contrast, eating in the morning can decrease Hb1c and systolic BP, indicating that it may be protective against the metabolic syndrome. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
History of medicine from ancient times to present
(Elsevier, 2024) Ram B. Singh; J.P. Sharma; Galaleldin Nagib Elkilany; Jan Fedacko; Krasimira Hristova; Ibrahim Kabbash; Mohammad Ismaeil El-Shafey; Shabnam Omidvar; Hseam Shahrajabian; Mojgan Khatibi; Sara Sarrafi Zadigan; Shridhar Dwivedi; Manal M.A. Smail; Kamala K. Tripathi; R.G. Singh; Pawan K. Singal; Suresh Tyagi; Hosna Motamedian; Daniel Pella
In the prehistoric Harrapan culture of India, before and after 2000 BCE, there was the system of medicine with professional healers, sanitation and hygiene. The people of Indus Valley Civilization, even from the early Harappan periods (3300 BCE), had knowledge of medicine and dentistry. There is evidence that teeth having been drilled, dating back 7000 BCE. India has a rich, heritage of medical and health sciences in the Vedic period, due to a separate medicinal branch of medical science “Ayurveda”. It was so much evolved and practiced that some scholars considered it as the fifth Veda, when Medicine was evolving in other countries. (https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/59913/6/06_chapter%202.pdf). It seems that the history of medicine including anatomy in India traces from the Paleolithic Age to the Indus Valley Civilization and the Vedic Times. However, the progress in Ayurveda declined during the Islamic Dynasties and the modern Colonial Period. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the Indian social class and heart survey
(Nature Publishing Group, 1997) R.B. Singh; J.P. Sharma; V. Rastogi; M.A. Niaz; N.K. Singh
To determine the association of socio-economic status (SES) and prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors in a rural population, a cross sectional survey was conducted in two randomly selected villages in the Moradabad district in North India. There were 1935 residents aged over 25 (984 men and 951 women) who were randomly selected and categorised into social classes 1-4 depending upon SES based on occupation, housing conditions, land holding, total per capita income, ownership of consumer durables and education. The prevalence of hypertension diagnosed by JNCV criteria (> 140/90 mmHg) was significantly higher among social class 1 and 2 and showed positive relation with SES in both sexes. Among social class 1 and 2 subjects, there was a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment of age showed that SES had a positive relation with hypertension (odds ratio: men 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.14; women 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.13), body mass index (odds ratio: men 1.12, 1.08-1.18; women 1.11, 1.06-1.16) and sedentary lifestyle (odds ratio: men 1.45, 1.32-1.58; women 1.38, 1.26-1.49). Only weak but significant associations were observed with smoking, alcohol and salt intake. The association of hypertension with social class was reduced after adjustment of body mass index, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and salt intake (odds ratio: men 0.96, 0.81-1.14; women 0.73, 0.54-1.04). There was an increase in the prevalence of hypertension and age-specific blood pressure (BP) with increasing age in both sexes. The overall prevalence of hypertension by WHO criteria (> 160/95) was 4.6% and by JNCV criteria 20.8%, and the rates were comparable in both sexes. Social class 1 and 2 subjects in rural North India have a higher prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors of overweight and sedentary lifestyle.