Browsing by Author "J.S. Bohra"

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Assessment of productivity, profitability and energetics of rice-based cropping sequences in irrigated ecosystem of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
(Enviro Media, 2015) Santosh Kumar; J.S. Bohra; Rakesh Kumar; Gargi Goswami; Narendra Kumawat
A field experiment was conducted during 2011 and 2012 at Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate effect of cropping sequences on productivity, energetic and economics on rice-based cropping system. Rice-potato-green gram crop sequence recorded the highest system productivity (52.0 kg ha-1 day1) fallowed by rice-vegetable pea-lady's finger and rice-maize (cob) + vegetable pea (1:2)-cowpea fodder crop sequences. However, the highest energy use efficiency was recorded in rice-maize (green cob) + vegetable pea (1:2)-cowpea fodder (2.98) closely followed by rice wheat (2.80) sequence. Rice-green gram and rice-maize (cob) + vegetable pea (1:2)-cowpea fodder produced 185.7 MJ haa and 169.9 MJ ha1 gross output energy, respectively. With substitution of wheat by mustard in rabi and intensification in summer season with green gram recorded the highest energy productivity (258.6 g MJ-1). Gross return (Rs. 259159), net return (Rs. 150227), B: C ratio (2.38) as well as system profitability (Rs. 412 ha-1 day-1) was recorded maximum in rice-potato-green gram crop sequence followed by rice-vegetable pea-lady's finger crop sequence. © Copyright EM International.
Assessment of productivity, profitability and quality of rice (Oryza sativa) under System of Rice Intensification in eastern Uttar Pradesh
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2015) Hardev Ram; J.P. Singh; J.S. Bohra; A.S. Yadav; J.M. Sutaliya
A field experiment was conducted to find out optimum age of seedlings and plant density of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under system of rice intensification (SRI) on sandy-clay-loam (Ustochrepts) soil at Agriculture Research Farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University during kharif (rainy) seasons of 2008 and 2009. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with two genotypes and two spacing consign to main plots and four ages of seedlings were allocated as sub-plot treatments have replicated thrice. Transplanted of rice hybrid PHB 71 with 25 cm × 25 cm showed significantly higher growth, yield attributes, yield (12.6%), harvest index (8%), production efficiency (60.32 kg/ha/day), net monetary returns (Rs 47 239) and benefit: cost ratio (1.56) than NDR 359. Quality parameters, viz. hulling, milling, head rice recovery and protein content were significantly higher in PHB 71. The age of seedlings significantly affected in growth, yield, quality parameters, net monetary returns and benefit: cost ratio. Transplanted of 10 days old seedlings increased 12.7, 4.4 and 17.5% more grain yield as compared to 8, 12 and 14 days old seedlings, respectively. Maximum mean monetary net returns of Rs49 227, benefit: cost ratio (1.67) and per day returns (414 Rs/ha/day) were obtained with 10 days old seedlings. Quality parameters, viz. hulling, milling and head rice recovery were improved significantly with young seedlings of 10 days.
Competitive indices of wheat + compact-mustard intercropping in a 5:1 row proportion as influenced by fertilizer doses and seed rates of wheat varieties
(2012) Amit Kumar Singh; J.S. Bohra
A field experiment in a split-plot design with three replications was conducted on wheat + compact-mustard intercropping in a 5:1 row proportion at the research farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India, during the winter seasons of 2005.-2006 and 2006.-2007. The main plot treatment involved a combination of three fertilizer doses [100, 120 and 140% recommended fertilizer dose (RFD) to wheat, accompanied by 100% RFD to mustard] and two wheat varieties (HD-2824 and HUW-468); the subplot treatment consisted of three seed rates of wheat (100, 115 and 130 kg ha-1). The treatment differences were studied intensively in light of the various reciprocity indices. Wheat variety HD-2824 at 115 kg ha-1 seed rate and 140% RFD, intercropped with compact-mustard variety Sanjukta Aschesh at 100% RFD in a 5:1 row proportion, resulted in the best land utilization, maximum productivity and monetary advantage. Among the various yield indices studied, area time equivalent ratio (ATER), competitive ratio (CR) and effective land equivalent ratio (LER) curves were found to be good for comparing the variations in fertilizer doses and seed rates used in wheat varieties. Nevertheless, to compare monetary advantage, the monetary advantage index (MAI) based on LER proved a better index than intercropping advantage (IA), which is based on actual yield loss (AYL). © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Conjoint application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on yield, nutrient uptake and soil fertility under rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system
(IndianJournals.com, 2018) S.K. Singh; Maneesh Kumar; R.P. Singh; J.S. Bohra; J.P. Srivastava; S.P. Singh; Y.V. Singh
A field experiment was conducted for three years on a sandy loam soil at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to study the direct effect of three sources of organic manures i.e., sewage sludge (SS), vermicompost (VC) and Sesbania green manure (GM) in combination with 75% of recommended fertilizers (RDF). Other treatments were: absolute control, 100% RDF + SZnB and customized fertilizer (CF) under rice-wheat system. Grain yield of rice in RDF + SZnB and CF was statistically at par with RDF (4.47 t ha -1 ). Supplementing 25% N through SS resulted in a significant decrease in grain yield of rice over RDF. However, grain yield of rice was at par with RDF when 25% N was supplemented through VC or GM. In following wheat, grain yield was similar under all the treatments except for absolute control (without fertilizers), which produced significantly lower yields. Application of VC or GM at 25% of recommended N could sustain the yield of rice-wheat system along with 75% RDF. Total removal of N, P, K, S, Zn and B was higher by rice than wheat, indicating its nutrients exhaustive nature. Soil pH and EC did not change significantly with the application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. Organic carbon content in soil increased significantly by supplementing fertilizers with organic sources. Differential pattern of nutrient build-up was recorded in the post-harvest soil samples. In post-rice soil, N, K and S did not show significant build-up while P and Zn contents increased significantly. Application of S, Zn and B significantly increased their contents in soil over RDF. In post wheat harvest soil, application of CF showed a significant increase in P content. Application of organics over three years resulted in a significant increase of Zn over 100% RDF. © 2018, IndianJournals.com. All rights reserved.
Cumulative Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Yield, Nutrients Uptake and Economics by Rice–Wheat Cropping System in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2020) Maneesh Kumar; S.K. Singh; J.S. Bohra
Field experiments were conducted for 2 years in sandy loam soil, to study the direct effect of organic manures i.e. sewage sludge (SS), vermicompost (VC) and sesbania (SB) and chemical fertilizers on rice (Oryza sativa) and their residual effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in sequence in winter (Rabi) and summer (Kharif) season during 2015–2016 to 2016–2017 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Residual effect of organic sources of nutrients as SS, VC and SB were monitored up to fourth crop (II wheat) in sequence applied in conjunction with 75% recommended dose of fertilize (RDF). Among the nutrient sources, the maximum grain yield in I rice (4.89 t ha−1), II rice (4.95 t ha−1), was recorded in treatment T3 (100% RDF with S, Zn, B) whereas in I wheat (4.68 t ha−1) and II wheat (4.59 t ha−1), it was recorded in T4 (customized fertilizer). The maximum straw yield during all four crops was recorded in T3 (100% RDF with S, Zn, B) in rice and T4 (customized fertilizer) in wheat crop, which showed 25, 32, 23 and 28% increase over 100% RDF (T2). Application of 100% RDF along with S, Zn, B and customized fertilizer increased the total uptake of N, P, K, S and B and also in net returns and B:C ratio followed by organic treatments. © 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Diversification of Rice–wheat Cropping System Improves Growth, Productivity and Energetics of Rice in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
(Springer, 2022) Tej Ram Banjara; J.S. Bohra; Sushil Kumar; Asha Ram; Vijay Pal
Rice–wheat cropping system plays a vital role in ensuring food security of India. However, the long-term sustainability of the system is often questioned due to several problems associated with it. Diversification of the rice–wheat cropping system with suitable crops could be a possible solution. Thus, a field experiment consisting of ten rice-based cropping sequences was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, for two consecutive years to study the effects of crop diversification on rice performance. The effect of crop diversification on rice was found to be significant only during the second year of experimentation. Results showed that rice–berseem–cowpea fodder followed by rice–potato–green gram sequence recorded highest growth, yield, nutrients uptake, protein yield, carbohydrates yield, economics and energetics of rice. Rice–berseem–cowpea fodder sequence recorded significantly higher number of panicle m−2 (16%), grain yield (13.9%), straw yield (13.6%), total N, P, K uptake (17.2, 21.7, 17%, respectively), protein yield (14.6%) and carbohydrate equivalent yield (13.9%) over rice–wheat cropping sequence. In addition to above, rice–berseem–cowpea fodder sequence also proved significantly superior to rice–wheat cropping sequence and recorded higher gross returns (13.9%), net returns (46.6%), net energy (15.9%), energy productivity (13.8%) and energy intensity (13.9%). Rice–berseem–cowpea fodder and rice–potato–green gram were found the most suitable cropping sequence to diversify rice–wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic plain for better performance of rice. © 2021, NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences).
Effect of crop establishment methods on productivity, profitability and energetics of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2015) J.S. Bohra; Rakesh Kumar
A field experiment was carried out from 2007-08 to 2009-10 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to compare the performance of four crop establishment methods (direct dry seeding by zero till drill, direct seeding of sprouted rice seeds in puddled field by drum seeder, hand transplanting and mechanical transplanting through SPT in rice and four tillage methods (rotavator, conventional sowing, strip and zero till drilling) in wheat on productivity, profitability and energetics of rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. Results revealed that hand and mechanical transplanting by SPT of rice (PHB 71) being at par, produced significantly higher grain yield of rice (5.76 and 5.71 tonnes/ha) than direct dry seeding by zero till and direct seeding of sprouted rice by drum seeder under puddled field (3.86 and 4.98 tonnes/ha). However, the use of SPT gave the maximum B:C ratio (2.86) and was significantly superior over hand transplanting (2.58), direct seeding of sprouted rice by drum seeder (2.51) and direct dry seeding by zero till (1.86). In wheat (HD 2733), zero till drill sowing proved most cost effective and recorded markedly higher grain yield (4.05 tonnes/ha), net return (Rs 44 670/ha ) and B:C ratio (4.19) but statistically at par with conventional sowing than rotavator and strip till. Consequently, among the rice establishment methods hand transplanting produced the maximum system REY (10.2 tonnes/ha/yr) being at par with mechanical transplanting (10.18 tonnes/ha/yr) and both produced significantly higher REY than drum seeder and zero till drill (9.56 and 8.52 tonnes/ha/yr, respectively). In wheat, zero till drill sowing produced the maximum REY (9.92 tonnes/ha/yr) and being comparable to conventional sowing, rotavator and strip till (9.72, 9.52 and 9.30 tonnes/ha/yr, respectively). The similar trend was followed in system productivity of rice and wheat. Moreover, mechanical transplanted rice by SPT (5.62) followed by zero till drill (6.46) sown in wheat gave the highest energy efficiency than other crop establishments methods by ensuring timely and cheap sowing without sacrificing crop yield.
Effect of fertility levels and cow urine application on the growth and uptake of nutrients of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss]
(Gaurav Publications, 2016) Surajyoti Pradhan; J.S. Bohra; Shiv Bahadur; M.K. Singh; Lala Ram; Rajani
An experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013 under irrigated condition at Varanasi to study the effect of fertility levels and cow urine application on growth and N, P, K content of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss]. Application of 100% fertility level and 900 litre cow urine significantly increased the dry matter accumulation, physiological growth and N, P, K uptake of mustard in comparison to 50% RDF and control, respectively. Application of 100% RDF produced 12.1 and 31.2% higher seed yield than 75 and 50% RDF, respectively. Regarding the urine application, the increasing levels of urine application up to 900 l cow urine/ha enhanced the yield attributes as well as seed and stover yield. The investigation clearly indicated that under irrigated ecosystem of Varanasi no reduction in the recommended fertilizer dose to mustard was possible. Increasing levels of cow urine application up to 900 l/ha as basal dose markedly improved growth parameters, yield attributes as well assessed and stover yield and nutrient uptake of mustard. Fertilizer application at 120 kg N+60 kg P2O5+60 kg K2O+40 kg S/ha and 900 l cow urine/ha produced maximum yield and proved most remunerative. © 2016, Gaurav Society of Agricultural Research Information Centre. All rights reserved.
Effect of fertility levels on sesame (Sesamum indicum) varieties under agri-horti system
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2022) Abib Kumar Patel; J.S. Bohra; Savita Dewangan; Alok Kumar Singh
The move towards higher production of quality crops with alternative land use systems i.e. agri-horticulture system in combination with adequate supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur and improved varietal selection can solve the problem of lower productivity. Consequently, the present study illustrated that selection of crop varieties according to land use system with balanced nutrients supply can optimize the crop production in sustainable manner. The study showed that the performance of crop with different varietal selection was influenced by the different levels of nutrients supply. The growth and yield parameters were significantly affected with the application of 60, 30, 30, 30 kg of N, P2O5K2O and S/ha and produced significantly higher seed yield (675 kg/ha) as compared to 40, 20, 20, 20 kg of N, P2O5K2O and S/ ha and 20, 10, 10, 10 kg of N, P2O5K2O, and S/ha among various fertility levels. © 2022 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Effect of fertilizer levels and organic sources of nitrogen on production potential of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) and soil properties under system of rice intensification
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2014) V.K. Srivastava; J.K. Singh; J.S. Bohra; S.P. Singh
A field experiment was carried out during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2010 and 2011 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the performance of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) ‘PHB 71’ to fertilizer levels and nitrogen levels applied through organic sources on production potential, nutrient uptake and soil physic-chemical properties under system of rice intensification (SRI). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design keeping 3 fertilizer levels [50%, 75% and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)] in main plots and three levels of nitrogen (15, 30 and 45 kg N/ha) applied through 2 organic sources (FYM, farmyard manure and VC, vermicompost) in sub-plots comprising 18 treatment combinations replicated thrice. An application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) increased effective tillers/m2 (10.1%), filled grains/panicle (18.6%), test weight (11.0%), grain yield (19.0%) and straw yield (24.2%) over the 50% RDF. As regards the 3 levels of N (15, 30 and 45 kg/ha) through organic sources, an application of 45 kg N either through VC or FYM resulted in higher values of yield attributes, grain and straw yields than 30 kg N/ha either through VC or FYM. Further, increasing fertilizer levels from 50% to 100% RDF, significantly enhanced the nutrient uptake (NPK) by grain and straw as well as soil organic carbon content and available NPK at harvesting. However, 45 kg N/ha applied either through FYM or VC resulted in the maximum NPK uptake by the crop and enhanced soil electrical conductivity, organic carbon as well as available N, P and K content of the soil, but reduced the soil pH at the end of two crop cycles. Interactive effect on grain yield was found significant between fertilizer levels and organic sources applied at varied N levels. Application of 75% RDF + 45 kg N/ha through VC resulted in markedly higher grain yield but remained at par with 100% RDF applied in conjunction with 30 or 45 kg N/ha as FYM and VC both. The integration of 100% RDF accompanied with 30 kg N/ha through VC gave the maximum net returns (59,804/ha). © 2014, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen management on rice (Oryza sativa) under system of rice intensification and its residual effect on lentil (Lens culinaris)
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2017) Madane Ananda Jagannath; J.K. Singh; Avijit Sen; J.S. Bohra
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen management on growth, yield, quality and relative economics of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) (cv. ‘PHB 71’) under SRI and their residual effect on lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) (cv. ‘HUL 57’) on sandy-clay loam soil of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons of 2014–15 and 2015–16. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design assigning 3 irrigation scheduling [irrigation at 2 days after disappearance of ponded water (DADPW), 5 DADPW and 8 DADPW] in the main-plots and 5 nitrogen management practices, [Recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), RDN + Sesbania aculeata Poir as co-culture with rice, 75% RDN + Sesbania aculeata Poir as co-culture with rice, RDN + blue green algae (BGA) and 75% RDN+BGA] in the sub-plots, with 3 replications. Results revealed higher growth parameters, yield attributes and grain and straw yields (6.67 and 8.43 t/ha, respectively) under scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW as compared to 8 DADPW although it was statistically at par with scheduling of irrigation at 5 days after disappearance of ponded water. The magnitude of increase in grain and straw yield of hybrid rice under SRI by scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW over 8 DADPW was 14.0 and 10.3%, respectively on pooled basis. The NPK uptake by the crop and hulling, milling and head rice recovery of rice grain were found to be higher under scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW. Among the nitrogen management practices, RDN+BGA produced markedly higher leaf-area index (4.78), dry matter accumulation/hill (67.6 g), effective tillers/m2 (262), panicle length (31.7 cm), grains/panicle (190), weight/panicle (5.64 g), 1,000-grain weight (24.8 g), grain yield (6.78 t/ha) and straw yield (8.66 t/ha) over other nitrogen management practices. The residual effect of scheduling of irrigation at 5 DADPW applied to rice exhibited higher value of pods/plant, 1,000-grain weight, yield of grain and stover of lentil as well as NPK uptake by the crop. Further, application of RDN (150 kg N/ha) along with BGA (12 kg BGA powder/ha) to rice recorded the highest pods/plant, 1,000-grain weight and grain and stover yield and NPK uptake by succeeding lentil. © 2017, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Effect of moisture regime and fertility level on growth, yield, nutrient turnover and moisture use by french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
(1996) P.K. Gupta; Kalyan Singh; U.N. Singh; R.N. Singh; J.S. Bohra
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of moisture regime and fertility level on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and moisture use by 'HUR 15' french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Treatments comprised 4 moisture regimes (1W : CPE ratios 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) in main plots and 4 fertility levels [control (N0P0K0), low (N40P12.9K16.6), medium (N80P25.80K33.2) and high (N120P38.7K49.8)] in subplots, in split-plot design during winter season of 1988-89 and 1989-90. Irrigation regimes significantly increased the dry-matter production, leaf-area index, relative growth rate, pods/plant (61.3%), seeds/plant (21.9%), 100-secd weight (22.8%). grain yield (32.4%), protein harvest (38.9%) and NPK uptake up to 0.75 IW : CPE ratio compared with 0.25 IW : CPE ratio. An increase in moisture regime increased the consumptive water use. However, higher water-use efficiency (33.3%) was associated with lower moisture regime (IW : CPE ratio 0.25). Dry-matter accumulation/plant, leaf-area index, relative growth rate, pods/plant, seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, protein recovery by grain and straw and the NPK uptake increased significantly with corresponding increase in fertility level. Higher fertility level (N120P38.7K49.8) led to 8.8% higher moisture use and 115.6% moisture-use efficiency than the control.
Effect of organic and inorganic sources of plant nutrients on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) and soil fertility
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2015) S.P. Gour; S.K. Singh; Rattan Lal; R.P. Singh; J.S. Bohra; J.P. Srivastava; S.P. Singh; Maneesh Kumar; Omkar Kumar; A.M. Latare
A field experiment was conducted in randomized block design during the rainy (kharif) season of 2012 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on soil quality and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The highest grain and straw yields (5.03 and 7.18 t/ha) were recorded under the treatments 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + S-Zn-B and 75% RDF + 25% N through sewage sludge, respectively. Application of S (40 kg/ha), Zn (5 kg/ha) and B (1.5 kg/ha) along with NPK (120:60:60) in rice increased plant height, tiller number, grain yield and 1,000-grian weight 22, 99, 62 and 22%, respectively, over the control, but did not show any significant increase in these parameters over 100% RDF. Initial trends indicated that application of Sesbania perhaps increased N, P, B and Zn in soil while inorganic S, B and Zn fertilizers had residual effect in post-harvest soil. © 2015, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Effect of seedlings age and plant spacing on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes under system of rice intensification
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2014) Hardev Ram; J.P. Singh; J.S. Bohra; Rajiv K. Singh; J.M. Sutaliya
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2008 and 2009 at Varanasi, to evaluate the effect of seedlings age and plant spacing on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under system of rice intensification (SRI). Sixteen treatments were laid out in a split-plot design, keeping combinations of 2 genotypes (‘PHB 71’ and ‘NDR 359’) and 2 spacings (25 cm × 25 cm and 30 cm × 30 cm) in mainplots and 4 seedlings age (8, 10, 12 and 14 days old) in sub-plots with 3 replications. The rice hybrid ‘PHB 71’ showed significantly higher growth, yield attributes and 12.6% higher yield than ‘NDR 359’. This hybrid also gave the highest net monetary returns (46,700/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.56). Wider spacing i.e. 30 cm × 30 cm gave significantly more tillers/hill (22.7), panicles/hill (21.9) and grains/panicle (168.1) than other spacing. However, plant height (116 cm), leaf-area index (5.0), net monetary returns and yield were significantly higher in closer spacing of 25 cm × 25 cm. The closer spacing resulted in around 12.30% higher grain yield over wider spacing. Amongst the ages of seedlings, 10 days old seedlings resulted in significantly higher growth, yield attributes, net monetary returns and yield than 8 and 14 days old seedlings but remained at par with 12 days old seedlings. The 10 days old seedlings gave 12.8 and 17.6% more grain yield than 8 and 14 days old seedlings, respectively. © 2014, Indian Journal of Agronomy. All right reserved.
Effect of tillage and mechanization on production potential of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
(2002) S.N. Sharma; J.S. Bohra; P.K. Singh; R.K. Srivastava
A field trial was conducted during 1998-99 and 1999-2000 at Varanasi, to compare the performance of the conventional tillage, reduced tillage (Chinese rotavator), zero tillage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.] under varying sowing/transplanting methods of rice (Oryza sativa L.), viz. direct dry sowing, direct wet sowing, manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting by self-propelled transplanter. The manual and mechanical transplanting of rice ('HUR 36') being at par produced significantly higher grain yield than direct seedings. However, the use of self-propelled transplanter gave the maximum output:input ratio (2.53), followed by direct wet sowing with anaerobic seeder (2.10). Labour utilization was very poor under manual transplanting. As regards the wheat ('HUW 234'), Chinese rotavator proved most effective and recorded markedly higher values of yield-attributing characters, grain yield and output:input ratio. Conventional tillage though resulted in higher grain yield than zero tillage, the latter proved more remunerative.
Effect of transplanting date and age of seedlings on growth, yield and quality of hybrids under system of rice (Oryza sativa) intensification and their effect on soil fertility
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2016) Akhilesh Vishwakarma; J.K. Singh; Avijit Sen; J.S. Bohra; Smita Singh
A field experiment to study the effect of transplanting date and age of seedlings on growth, yield and quality of rice hybrids under SRI and their effect on soil fertility was conducted on sandy-clay loam soil at Varanasi during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2012 and 2013. The experiment on sandy loam soil was laid out in split-split plot design assigning three dates of transplanting (27 June, 7 July and 17 July) in main plot, two rice hybrids (PHB-71 and Pusa RH-10) in sub-plot and three age of seedlings (10, 14 and 18-day old) in sub-sub plot with three replications. Results revealed that higher growth parameters, viz. plant height (104.2 cm), tillers/hill (20.4), leaf area index (5.16) and dry matter accumulation/hill (31.2 g) and yield attributes, viz. effective tillers/m2 (248.2), panicle length (30.5 cm), grains/panicle (176), weight/panicle (5.08 g) and test weight (23.11 g), grain and straw yield (6.67 and 8.71 tonnes/ha, respectively) and harvest index (43.17) were observed under 27 June transplanting as compared to rest of the two dates of planting. Protein content in grain and kernel length before and after cooking also registered significant improvement in 27 June transplanted crop. The magnitude of increase in grain and straw yield of hybrid under SRI by the early transplanting (27 June) as compared to the late transplanting (17 July) was 19.9 and 15.2 %, respectively on pooled basis. However, soil pH, EC, organic carbon, available NPK, hulling, milling and head rice recovery percentage, kernel breadth (B) before and after cooking, length (L) elongation ratio and L/B ratio remained unaffected due to different dates of transplanting. Among the hybrids, PHB-71 produced markedly higher plant height (104.8 cm), tillers/hill (17.6), leaf-area index (4.91), dry matter accumulation/hill (29.5 g), effective tillers/m2 (236.4), panicle length (30.1 cm), grains/panicle (188), weight/panicle (4.62 g), test weight (22.67 g), grain yield (7.00 tonnes/ha), straw yield (8.95 tonnes/ha) and harvest index (43.87) over Pusa RH-10. Organic carbon content in soil as well as quality parameters viz. hulling, milling and head rice recovery percentage, protein content and kernel breadth before and after cooking were also recorded higher with PHB-71 than the Pusa RH-10. However, maximum available NPK, kernel length before and after cooking, length elongation and length breadth ratio before cooking were recorded with 'Pusa RH-10'. Younger aged seedlings (10-day old) recorded significantly higher growth and yield parameters, yields and harvest index over older aged seedlings (18-day), whereas maximum available NPK was recorded with older aged seedlings (18-day). The 10-day old seedlings gave 6.4 and 12.9% more grain yield than 14 and 18-day old seedlings, respectively. Interactive effect on grain yield was significant among date of transplanting, age of seedlings and hybrids. Transplanting of PHB-71 hybrid on 27 June having either 10 or 14-day old seedlings resulted in markedly higher grain yield as compared to rest of the treatments. © 2016, Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Fodder yield, nutrient uptake and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.) as influenced by NPKS and Zn fertilization
(Gaurav Publications, 2015) Rakesh Kumar; J.S. Bohra; Narendra Kumawat; Amitesh Kumar Singh
A field experiment was conducted during the two consecutive pre-kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013 at Varanasi to study the effect of NPKS and Zn application on fodder yield, nutrient uptake and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.). Results revealed that cob, corn and green and dry fodder yield, net profit, nutrient content (NPKSZn) and their uptake were recorded significantly higher with application of 125% RDF. Further, application of 50 kg S/ha resulted in significant increase in cob, corn, green fodder yield, net profit and nutrient content and uptake of baby corn over control but it remained at par with 25 kg S/ha. Similar trend was also observed with application of Zn levels. Increasing levels of sulphur and zinc progressively improved the fodder quality of baby corn viz., crude protein, ash, calcium content except crude fibre content which followed reverse trend. Hence, application of 125% RDF along with 50 kg S/ha and 10 kg Zn/ha was found optimum to obtain the higher green and dry fodder yield, net profit and quality of baby corn under irrigated condition of Varanasi.
Growth and nutrient uptake of indian mustard [brassica juncea (L.) czern and coss.] genotypes as influenced by nitrogen and sulphur fertilization under irrigated condition
(EM International, 2020) Harsita Nayak; J.S. Bohra; Shiv Poojan Yadav
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2016-17 at Banaras Hindu University (Varanasi) in a split plot design having three nitrogen levels (90,120 and 150 kg N ha-1) and two genotypes (Pusa Bold and RH-749) in main plots and three sulphur levels (0, 25 and 50 kg S ha-1) in sub plots with three replications to study the effect of nitrogen and sulphur levels on growth and nutrient uptake of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes. Results revealed that application of 150 kg N and 50 kg S ha-1 improved all the growth attributing characters viz. plant height, primary and secondary branches and shoot dry weight, nutrient (N, P, K and S) content and uptake as compared to lower levels of nutrients applied. Application of 50 kg S ha-1 improved plant height, shoot dry weight, primary and secondary branches by 3.96%, 9.66%, 8.75% and 14.29%, respectively over the control. Among genotypes, ‘RH-749’ showed distinct superiority with respect to growth parameters (plant height and shoot dry weight) and nutrient uptake over ‘Pusa Bold’. Combined application of 150 kg N and 25 kg S ha-1 to Indian mustard genotype ‘RH-749’ was found more remunerative. © EM International.
Growth and yield response of rice (Oryza sativa) to graded doses of nutrients and foliar spray of cow urine
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2019) Rahul Sadhukhan; J.S. Bohra; Suman Sen
A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2015 and 2016 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to evaluate the relative performance of different fertility levels (60%, 80% and 100% of recommended dose of fertilizer) and foliar spray of cow urine (control, 50%, 75% and 100% concentration) on growth, yield and economics of ‘BPT 5204’ rice (Oryza sativa L.). The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) for rice was 120, 60, 60 and 25 kg/ha of N, P2O5, K2O and ZnSO4 respectively. Various growth parameters and yield levels of rice showed significant variation during the experimental years under different levels of fertility and cow urine foliar spray. Among the fertility levels, 80% and 100% RDF significantly improved grain yields of rice over 60% RDF by 6.8% and 14.8% respectively. Applications of cow urine (4 foliar sprays) were positively correlated with various growth parameters, yield attributes and yield levels of rice. Increments in grain yields of rice were to the tune of 4.4%, 4.4% and 10% over control for 50%, 75% and 100% cow urine concentration respectively. In terms of economics, the highest net returns and benefit: Cost ratios were obtained from 100% RDF and 100% cow urine spray during both the years. Among the fertilizer treatments, 100% RDF recorded up to 18.2% higher net returns over 60% RDF, which was 16.4% over the control in case of 100% cow urine spray. © 2019, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Influence of NPK, S and variety on growth, yield and quality of irrigated linseed (Linum usitatissimum)
(2013) D.N. Singh; J.S. Bohra; J.K. Singh
[No abstract available]