Browsing by Author "Jai Prakash Shahi"

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Assessment of genetic diversity of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under water logging condition
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2020) Gayatri Kumawat; Jai Prakash Shahi; Munnesh Kumar
The screening of fifty five CIMMYT maize hybrids was carried out to estimate the genetic diversity which was evaluated undermanaged waterlogged or excess soil moisture condition, indicated presence of considerable diversity. The experiment was conducted in an alpha lattice design with two replication and phenotypic data were analyzed using fifteen agro-morphological traits. The fifty five maize single cross hybrids grouped into eight clusters based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic. Among them cluster I accommodated maximum number of inbred lines (41) followed by cluster V (8). Presence of six solitary clusters indicated larger genetic diversity. The character plant height showed highest contribution towards genetic divergence followed by number of kernel per row, ear height, number of rows per ear, grain weight per plot and 100 seed weight. Based upon the divergence studies suggesting crossing may be made between genotypes of cluster II (P3502) and V (ZH17505, ZH17507, ZH17497, ZH15567, ZH15557, ZH15564, ZH15563 and ZH15562), and the hybrid in these cluster could be used as donor parents for new double cross maize hybrid development for improving yield under water logging condition. © 2020, Indian Society of Plant Breeders.
Classification of maize inbred lines into heterotic groups based on yield and yield attributing traits
(Cambridge University Press, 2025) Anshika Bhatla; Srushtideep Angidi; Noel Thomas; Kartik Madankar; Jai Prakash Shahi
This study investigated the combining ability, heterosis and heterotic grouping of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines to enhance hybrid performance and productivity. Twenty-four hybrids were developed by crossing eight inbred lines with three testers, and their performance was evaluated for two years at Banaras Hindu University’s agricultural research farm. Data on yield and yield-attributing traits were collected from selectively centred competitive plants in each row, avoiding border plants to reduce errors. Biometrical techniques, cluster analysis, and statistical tools were employed to measure general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and standard heterosis, providing insights into hybrid performance. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean square values for GCA and SCA across most traits studied. Various methods were utilized, including SCA effects, HGCAMT (Heterosis Grouping by Combining Ability of Multiple Traits), and HSGCA (Heterotic Grouping based on Specific and General Combining Ability). The study identified HUZM-242 × CML-286 and HUZM-53 × CML-286 as crosses displaying higher grain yield compared to the check line DKC 7074 and exhibiting positive heterosis. The findings offer valuable guidance for maize breeding programmes by accurately identifying heterotic groups, enabling breeders to select inbred lines more likely to produce high-performing hybrids. This targeted selection reduces the number of necessary cross-breeding trials, saving time and resources. Additionally, hybrids derived from crosses between lines from different heterotic groups exhibit superior performance due to higher heterosis. These conclusions support advancements in maize breeding strategies, ultimately contributing to agricultural sustainability through increased productivity, resource efficiency, and economic benefits for farmers. © The Author(s), 2024.
Genetic diversity of sweet corn inbreds using agro-morphological traits and microsatellite markers
(Springer Verlag, 2018) Anima Mahato; Jai Prakash Shahi; Pawan Kumar Singh; Monu Kumar
Assessment of genetic diversity is a pre-requisite to broaden the genetic background of cultivated base of sweet corn, an endosperm mutant of field corn that alters starch biosynthesis pathway in endosperm. In the current investigation, genetic divergence among 39 inbred lines was assessed on the basis of 14 agro-morphological traits, two quality parameters and 63 microsatellite markers, selected on the basis of their association with QTLs affecting kernel quality. The cluster analysis based on unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages for agro-morphological and quality traits grouped the 39 inbreds into three clusters with 5, 14 and 20 genotypes, respectively. The unweighted neighbor-joining method for microsatellite markers also categorized the inbred lines into three major clusters grouping 10, 9 and 20 genotypes in cluster I, II and III, respectively. The two cluster distribution patterns showed approximately 36 percent similarity. The assay of 30 microsatellite repeats identified 82 alleles with allele size ranging from 80 to 400 bp. The major allele frequency and PIC value of the markers ranged from 0.42 to 0.79 and 0.27 to 0.63, respectively, which suggested the presence of high amount of polymorphism among the inbreds. The average heterozygosity was recorded to be 0.19 which signifies proper maintenance of inbred population. Principle co-ordinate analysis also depicted diverse nature of inbred lines and agreed well with the previously determined clustering pattern. This study has identified several inbreds, having good yield and high sugar content which will not only enhance the genetic background of sweet corn germplasm but will also lead to development of high-yielding hybrids with improved quality. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Genetic gains with genomic versus phenotypic selection for drought and waterlogging tolerance in tropical maize (Zea mays L.)
(Institute of Crop Sciences, 2021) Reshmi Rani Das; Madhumal Thayil Vinayan; Kaliyamoorthy Seetharam; Manish Patel; Ramesh Kumar Phagna; Shyam Bir Singh; Jai Prakash Shahi; Akashi Sarma; Nagendra Sarma Barua; Raman Babu; Pervez Haider Zaidi
Erratic rainfall often results in intermittent drought and/or waterlogging and limits maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in many parts of the Asian tropics. Developing climate-resilient maize germplasm possessing tolerance to these key abiotic stresses without a yield penalty under optimal growing conditions is a challenge for breeders working in stress-vulnerable agro-ecologies in the region. Breeding stress-resilient maize for rainfed stress-prone ecologies is identified as one of the priority areas for CIMMYT-Asia maize program. We applied rapid cycle genomic selection (RCGS) on two multiparent yellow synthetic populations (MYS-1 and MYS-2) to improve grain yield simultaneously under drought and waterlogging conditions using genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBVs). Also, the populations were simultaneously advanced using recurrent phenotypic selection (PS) by exposing them to managed drought and waterlogging and intermating tolerant plants from the two selection environments. Selection cycles per se (C1, C2, and C3) of the two populations developed using RCGS and PS approach and their test-cross progenies were evaluated separately in multilocation trials under managed drought, waterlogging, and optimal moisture conditions. Significant genetic gains were observed with both GS and PS, except with PS in MYS-2 under drought and with GS in MYS-1 under waterlogging. Realized genetic gains from GS were relatively higher under drought conditions (110 and 135 kg ha−1 year−1) compared to waterlogging (38 and 113 kg ha−1 year−1) in both MYS-1 and MYS-2, respectively. However, under waterlogging stress PS showed at par or better than GS as gain per year with PS was 80 and 90 kg ha−1, whereas with GS it was 90 and 43 kg ha−1 for MYS-1 and MYS-2, respectively. Our findings suggested that careful constitution of a multiparent population by involving trait donors for targeted stresses, along with elite high-yielding parents from diverse genetic background, and its improvement using RCGS is an effective breeding approach to build multiple stress tolerance without compromising yield when tested under optimal conditions © 2021 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science
Hybrids and abiotic stress tolerance in horticultural crops
(Elsevier, 2021) Anil Kumar Singh; Kumari Shikha; Jai Prakash Shahi
Horticultural crops need more attention in cultivation due to their organoleptic and nutritional properties. Abiotic stresses such as drought, flood, heat, cold, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stress strongly impair the growth and productivity of horticultural crops. Further, climate change has also increased the risk of abiotic stresses and affects the growth and quality of the crops. It is imperative to understand the mechanism underlying abiotic stress tolerance in different crop species as tolerant plants may switch on or off different physiological or biochemical pathways to acclimatize or to overcome the unfavorable effect of abiotic stresses. Potential for tolerance and susceptibility to a specific abiotic stress vary in different crop species. Even some wild relatives and exotic germplasms are carriers of abiotic stress-tolerant genes or QTLs that can be employed to develop resistant hybrids by incorporating such genes into susceptible cultivars. The development of smart climate-resilient hybrids is one of the best alternatives to lessen the losses due to abiotic stresses. Classical breeding alone does not suffice to meet the needs of abiotic stress-tolerant hybrids. There is a need to utilize the untapped potential of modern plant breeding strategies, say double haploid technology, transgenic methods, somaclonal variation, somatic hybridization, marker-assisted backcrossing breeding, genome-wide association studies, and genomic selection to develop hybrids with improved performance and resistance against abiotic stress. In this chapter, we have tried to emphasize the importance of hybrids to tolerate abiotic stresses and the mechanism of abiotic stress tolerance in horticultural crops. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Standard heterosis analysis in maize hybrids under water logging condition
(Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2020) Gayatri Kumawat; Jai Prakash Shahi; Munnesh Kumar; Ashok Singamsetti; Manish Kumar Choudhary; Kumari Shikha
Maize is one of the important food and forage crops with abundant natural diversity. Determination of heterosis in CIMMYT maize hybrids under water logging condition is necessary for their commercial exploitation. The synthetics and composites have contributed to maize production in India in the initial stages of maize improvement programme, of late, hybrids are playing a vital role due to their high yielding potential. Breeding of water logging tolerant maize varieties will likely boosts maize production beyond the present level. Data derived from current study were complied to determine standard heterosis and identify high yielding hybrids. Among the tested 55 maize hybrids, the maize hybrids, namely, ZH17506, ZH17496 and VH11128 produced high heterosis which indicating that these hybrids are available for commercial cultivation. Maize hybrids that perform better than the checks could be used for release as hybrid variety after re-evaluation in multi-location trials. © 2020, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.
Studies on genetic parameters, correlation and path coefficient analysis in maize (Zea mays l.) hybrids under waterlogging condition
(Range Management Society of India, 2020) Gayatri Kumawat; Jai Prakash Shahi; Manish Kumar Choudhary
The screening of fifty-five CIMMYT maize hybrids was carried out to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance as per cent of mean, correlation and path coefficient analysis of 15 characters contributing to yield per plant under excess soil moisture condition at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The experiment was conducted in an alpha lattice design with two replications, and phenotypic data were analyzed using fifteen morphological and agronomic traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for plant height, ear height, ears per plot, field weight, number of kernel rows per ear and number of kernels per row. Higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation observed in several surface roots followed by ear height and field weight suggested that selection can be effective for these traits. High heritability, coupled with high genetic advance noticed for ear height, and plant height indicated additive gene effects. Hence, simple selection could be useful for further improvement in these characters. Correlation analysis showed that yield per plant exhibited highest and positive significant correlation with the number of kernels per row followed by field weight, ear length, number of kernel rows per ear, plant height, ear per plant and ear height. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the highest positive direct effects on yield per plant were exhibited by field weight followed by the number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear, ear length and number of nodes bearing brace roots. If the selection for waterlogging tolerant genotype is made for any of these components, the improvement in yield per plant could be achieved. © 2020, Range Management Society of India. All rights reserved.