Browsing by Author "Jai Singh Patel"

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Ascophyllum nodosum based plant biostimulant shapes the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of corn
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Vinodkumar Selvaraj; Jai Singh Patel; Joseph P.M. Hui; Junzeng Zhang; Fabrice Berrué; Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
Background: Plant biostimulants are an emerging class of agricultural inputs known to enhance plant growth and improve their tolerance to abiotic stress. While biostimulants are widely used, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. This study investigates the effects of an Ascophyllum nodosum-based biostimulant (ANE) on the rhizosphere bacterial communities of corn (Zea mays). Results: Root exudates from ANE root-treated plants promoted the swarming motility of Pseudomonas protegens (CHA0), a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. Gene expression analysis showed that root exudates from 0.01% ANE-treated plants up-regulated P. protegens CHA0 genes associated with chemotaxis (cheW, cheV), pyoverdine (pvdS), pyrrolnitrin (prnD), and hydrogen cyanide (hcnA) biosynthesis compared to controls. ANE also significantly altered rhizosphere microbiome composition, increasing the abundance of genera such as Chryseolinea, Pseudoxanthomonas, Novosphingobium, Quadrisphaera, Turneriella, and Kitasatospora. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed distinct chemical profiles in the root extracts of ANE-treated plants. Specifically, ANE increased the concentrations of benzoxazinoids, including 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (MBOA) in maize roots by approximately 1.4-fold and 1.76-fold, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that ANE modifies the rhizosphere microbiome by influencing the chemical composition of both root tissue and root exudates. © The Author(s) 2025.
Designing and experimental evaluation of gene-specific primers of pea (Pisum sativum) defense proteins
(Springer Verlag, 2018) Jai Singh Patel; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Real-time gene expression analysis by semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR requires a set of gene-specific primers which should have the ability to amplify the gene of interest specifically. In the present study, we have standardized certain parameters for primer design using the freely available Primer3 software. We have designed the primers for defense genes such as ICS (isochorismate synthase), CCoAOMT (caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase), C4H (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase), and G-alpha in pea. We have also discussed, the way of sequence retrieval, when the sequence is not reported in the organism of interest. We have evaluated the designed primers using cDNA prepared from mRNA isolated from the pea leaves. By analyzing the results, we have found that primers are perfectly binding with the target and giving single sharp band on a DNA electrophoresis gel. It can be concluded that the parameters used for primer designing by Primer3 play a critical role in the experimental results and parameters defined in the present study resulting in a very good amplification during PCR. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Emerging approaches to manipulate the plant microbiome and implications
(Elsevier, 2020) Jai Singh Patel; Arpan Mukherjee
The interaction between plant and beneficial microbes is the center point of current research. Several surrounding factors can affect this interaction such as the genus of the plant, species of the plant, and even different varieties belonging to the same genus and species. The interaction can be affected by the presence of several abiotic (salinity, drought, temperature, and pH) and biotic (fungus, bacteria, and viruses) factors. Interaction with beneficial microbes often shows a synergistic effect on the plant. Recruitment of beneficial microbes in inside of the plant may play an important role and provide protection against biotic and abiotic stress. Study of compounds released by plants plays a vital role in the movement of microorganisms toward plant surroundings. Root exudation pattern of the plant could be modulated in a way to change the rhizospheric environment for the attraction of only beneficial microbe or microbes of interest. The present chapter focuses on the mechanisms involved in the plant-beneficial microbe interaction and discusses the approaches that can modulate these mechanisms in favor of plants efficiently. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Global-level population genomics reveals differential effects of geography and phylogeny on horizontal gene transfer in soil bacteria
(National Academy of Sciences, 2019) Alex Greenlon; Peter L. Chang; Zehara Mohammed Damtew; Atsede Muleta; Noelia Carrasquilla-Garcia; Donghyun Kim; Hien P. Nguyen; Vasantika Suryawanshi; Christopher P. Krieg; Sudheer Kumar Yadav; Jai Singh Patel; Arpan Mukherjee; Sripada Udupa; Imane Benjelloun; Imane Thami-Alami; Mohammad Yasin; Bhuvaneshwara Patil; Sarvjeet Singh; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Eric J.B. Von Wettberg; Abdullah Kahraman; Bekir Bukun; Fassil Assefa; Kassahun Tesfaye; Asnake Fikre; Douglas R. Cook
Although microorganisms are known to dominate Earth’s biospheres and drive biogeochemical cycling, little is known about the geographic distributions of microbial populations or the environmental factors that pattern those distributions. We used a global-level hierarchical sampling scheme to comprehensively characterize the evolutionary relationships and distributional limitations of the nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts of the crop chickpea, generating 1,027 draft whole-genome sequences at the level of bacterial populations, including 14 high-quality PacBio genomes from a phylogenetically representative subset. We find that diverse Mesorhizobium taxa perform symbiosis with chickpea and have largely overlapping global distributions. However, sampled locations cluster based on the phylogenetic diversity of Mesorhizobium populations, and diversity clusters correspond to edaphic and environmental factors, primarily soil type and latitude. Despite long-standing evolutionary divergence and geographic isolation, the diverse taxa observed to nodulate chickpea share a set of integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) that encode the major functions of the symbiosis. This symbiosis ICE takes 2 forms in the bacterial chromosome—tripartite and monopartite—with tripartite ICEs confined to a broadly distributed superspecies clade. The pairwise evolutionary relatedness of these elements is controlled as much by geographic distance as by the evolutionary relatedness of the background genome. In contrast, diversity in the broader gene content of Mesorhizobium genomes follows a tight linear relationship with core genome phylogenetic distance, with little detectable effect of geography. These results illustrate how geography and demography can operate differentially on the evolution of bacterial genomes and offer useful insights for the development of improved technologies for sustainable agriculture. © 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Microbial inoculation in rice regulates antioxidative reactions and defense related genes to mitigate drought stress
(Nature Research, 2020) Dhananjaya P. Singh; Vivek Singh; Vijai K. Gupta; Renu Shukla; Ratna Prabha; Birinchi K. Sarma; Jai Singh Patel
Microbial inoculation in drought challenged rice triggered multipronged steps at enzymatic, non-enzymatic and gene expression level. These multifarious modulations in plants were related to stress tolerance mechanisms. Drought suppressed growth of rice plants but inoculation with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and their combination minimized the impact of watering regime. Induced PAL gene expression and enzyme activity due to microbial inoculation led to increased accumulation of polyphenolics in plants. Enhanced antioxidant concentration of polyphenolics from microbe inoculated and drought challenged plants showed substantially high values of DPPH, ABTS, Fe-ion reducing power and Fe-ion chelation activity, which established the role of polyphenolic extract as free radical scavengers. Activation of superoxide dismutase that catalyzes superoxide (O2 −) and leads to the accumulation of H2O2 was linked with the hypersensitive cell death response in leaves. Microbial inoculation in plants enhanced activity of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes. This has further contributed in reducing ROS burden in plants. Genes of key metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid (PAL), superoxide dismutation (SODs), H2O2 peroxidation (APX, PO) and oxidative defense response (CAT) were over-expressed due to microbial inoculation. Enhanced expression of OSPiP linked to less-water permeability, drought-adaptation gene DHN and dehydration related stress inducible DREB gene in rice inoculated with microbial inoculants after drought challenge was also reported. The impact of Pseudomonas on gene expression was consistently remained the most prominent. These findings suggested that microbial inoculation directly caused over-expression of genes linked with defense processes in plants challenged with drought stress. Enhanced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant reactions that helped in minimizing antioxidative load, were the repercussions of enhanced gene expression in microbe inoculated plants. These mechanisms contributed strongly towards stress mitigation. The study demonstrated that microbial inoculants were successful in improving intrinsic biochemical and molecular capabilities of rice plants under stress. Results encouraged us to advocate that the practice of growing plants with microbial inoculants may find strategic place in raising crops under abiotic stressed environments. © 2020, The Author(s).
PGPR formulations and application in the management of pulse crop health
(Elsevier, 2021) Jai Singh Patel; Gagan Kumar; Raina Bajpai; Basavaraj Teli; Mahtab Rashid; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known for enhancing crop productivity as well as plant protection. The application of PGPR can decrease the requirement of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and therefore is considered vital for promoting sustainable agriculture. A number of researchers are working to develop formulations to increase the shelf life of PGPR so that they can be used for a longer time period. Scientists are also working to develop consortia formulations comprising multiple PGPR strains in a single formulation. Researchers have also used fungal and bacterial strains together in one formulation. Several techniques were adopted to increase the shelf life of the PGPRs in formulations such as inhibition of bacterial metabolism, slowdown of energy consuming processes of bacteria, etc. However, it is still required to develop formulations that increase the shelf life of the bioinoculant bacteria. This chapter deals in detail with PGPR formulations used for promoting growth and development of pulse crops and the mechanisms of formulation matrixes that provide a suitable environment for sustaining the life of PGPR even after prolonged storage. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PGPR secondary metabolites: an active syrup for improvement of plant health
(Elsevier, 2020) Jai Singh Patel; Sudheer Kumar Yadav; Raina Bajpai; Basavaraj Teli; Mahtab Rashid
Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arise the mechanism of interaction with each other on plants surfaces and plants make the association with a guild of PGPR during the evolution. These associations are results of crosstalk through signaling cascade of various PGPR colonized on same plant surfaces. The rhizosphere of the plant is very active and rich microbial habitat, due to the release of various nutritive substances through plant root exudates. These root exudates shape the presence of microbial community in surroundings. The presence of nutritional substances also plays significant role in gathering and performance of microbial community in the rhizosphere. However, the plants and microbes influence each other by releasing the inhibitory molecules as molecular signals for making of parasitic, antagonistic and competitive interactions. These signals play an essential role and decide the fate of mutualism and other associative interactions of plants and microbes. Various secondary metabolites from both plant and microbes are also involved in these interactions. In the present chapter, we have tried to explore the role of secondary metabolites produced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and fungi as an active syrup for plant growth, health and defense. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Plant G-protein signaling cascade and host defense
(Springer, 2020) Jai Singh Patel; Vinodkumar Selvaraj; Lokanadha Rao Gunupuru; Ravindra Nath Kharwar; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
The heterotrimeric guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) play a crucial role in signal transduction and regulate plant responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Necrotrophic pathogens trigger Gα subunit and, in contrast, sometimes Gβγ dimers. Beneficial microbes play a vital role in the activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins in plants against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. The subunits of G-protein (α, β, and γ) are activated differentially against different kinds of pathogens which in turn regulates the entry of the pathogen in a plant cell. Defense mediated by G-proteins in plants imparts resistance against several pathogens. Activation of different G-protein subunits depends on the mode of nutrition of the pathogen. The current review discussed the role of the three subunits against various pathogens. It appeared to be specific in the individual host–pathogen system as well as the role of effectors in the induction of G-proteins. We also discussed the G-protein-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including H2O2, activation of NADPH oxidases, hypersensitive response (HR), phospholipases, and ion channels in response to microorganisms. © 2020, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology.
Recent advances of PGPR based approaches for stress tolerance in plants for sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) A. Kumar; Jai Singh Patel; Vijay Singh Meena; Rupanshee Srivastava
The increasing worldwide population is a significant challenge for agricultural food production to feed the alarming rate of the growing world population. The enhancing community directly affected by several factors, including the limitation of agricultural land, environmental damage, and the number of biotic and abiotic stresses, which affect global food production. It is essential to increase agricultural productivity to feed an increasing population. Several approaches are needed, such as greater use of chemicals including fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. Several other factors, such as overcome the posture, saline, and drought land, can be improved by using stress-tolerant plant growth-promoting microorganisms. Though, many of the solutions attempted to this problem are not sustainable and are only be valid for the short term. Stresses tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can produce bioactive compounds such as gibberellins and indole acetic acid. PGPR also produced several active enzymes under drought, heavy metals, and salts stress. PGPR approach can enhance plant growth and consequently crop yield with maintained eco-friendly environment. The present review focused on the recent advances of PGPR approach in concern to different biotic and abiotic stresses. © 2019
Rhizospherie microbes for sustainable agriculture: An overview
(Springer Singapore, 2018) Ashok Kumar; Jai Singh Patel; Vijay Singh Meena
Agriculture is a complex network interaction among soil-plant-microbes. There is an urgent need for an ecologically compatible, environment-friendly tech- nique in agriculture system that might be able to provide adequate supply of essen- tial nutrients for the alarming growing rate of human populations through qualitative and quantitative improvement of agricultural products. Conventional agriculture plays a crucial role to fulfill the increasing food demands of a growing human popu- lation, which has also led to enhancing the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Improvement in agricultural sustainability requires optimal use and management of soil fertility which rely on soil microbiological processes and soil biodiversity. An understanding of microbial diversity perspectives in agriculture is important and useful to arrive at measures that can act as indicators of soil quality, soil health, and plant productivity. In this context, microorganisms present in soils have multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities such as IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), hydro- gen cyanide (MCM) and siderophore production, ACC deaminase activity, and nitro- gen fixation and nutrient solubilization (P, K, and Zn). Efficient plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) solubilize the nutrients in soil and facilitate absorption by plants and consequently enhance the plant growth and yield. PGPMs also sustain the soil fertility, soil health, and nutrient mobilization efficiency under sustainable agriculture. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018. All rights reserved.
Seaweed and Associated Products: Natural Biostimulant for Improvement of Plant Health
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Jai Singh Patel; Arpan Mukherjee
Seaweeds are macroalgae fit into the class Phyophyceae and best known as brown algae. They are mainly composed of polysaccharides such as laminarin, fucoidan, and alginates. Several products based on seaweeds are known to be useful for humans and plants. Extracts obtained from seaweeds contain several bioactive compounds. Such bioactive compounds induce resistance in plants against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Seaweed extracts can also contain countless plant-bioactive inorganic and organic compounds such as mannitol, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, betaine), antioxidants, and vitamins. It also contains a low concentration of minerals (calcium, boron, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and several other trace elements). Seaweed extract can stimulate plant growth and enhance the rate of photosynthesis. Seaweed extracts boosted rates of seed germination, crop growth, yields, and shelf life of produce in post-harvest conditions. It can reduce the effect of diseases due to fungal, viral, and bacterial pathogens. The present chapter describes the impact of seaweed and their products in the agricultural system. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Streptomyces rochei SM3 Induces Stress Tolerance in Chickpea Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and NaCl
(2015) Smita Srivastava; Jai Singh Patel; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Asha Sinha; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Understanding on actinomycetes-mediated stress tolerance in plants is very limited. This study demonstrated for the first time some stress tolerance mechanisms in chickpea via mediation of an actinomycetes strain Streptomyces rochei SM3. Here, we used the strain SM3 for treating chickpea seeds and plants raised from such seeds were challenged with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and NaCl. Chickpea mortality due to Sc. sclerotiorum infection was suppressed by nearly 48%, and biomass accumulation was increased by nearly 20% in the salt-stressed condition in SM3-treated plants compared to non-treated plants. Physiological responses in chickpea under the challenging conditions showed that phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities increased in SM3-treated plants. This is followed by accumulation of higher concentrations of phenolics that led to enhanced lignifications in SM3-treated plants compared to non-SM3-treated plants challenged with the same stresses. Antioxidant activities, as assessed through catalase activities and proline accumulation, also increased in SM3-treated plants challenged with both the stresses compared to non-SM3-treated plants. Investigation at genetic level further showed that the strain SM3 triggered the ethylene (ET) responsive ERF transcription factor (CaTF2) under the challenged conditions. Thus, from this study, we conclude that actinomycetes St. rochei SM3 trigger the ET-mediated defence pathway in chickpea and activates the phenylpropanoid pathway for alleviating the stresses caused by Sc. sclerotiorum and salt in chickpea. © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
Studies on rhizosphere-bacteria mediated biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
(Society for Plant Research, 2014) Ankita Sarkar; Jai Singh Patel; Sudheer Yadav; Birinchi K. Sarma; Jai Singh Srivastava; Harikesh B. Singh
Rhizospheric bacteria promote plant health and combat with pathogenic microorganisms. Available reports indicate the activity of PGPR are in protection of plant under abiotic stresses. In the present work we have compared the growth promotion and biochemical responses of plants influenced bybacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of different plants. Two Pseudomonas strains S1 (P. putida) and Cgr (P. aeruginosa) were isolated from chickpea and congress grass, respectively, and their antimicrobial activity was tested against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Both strains are tested for HCN, IAA and ammonia production. Their surviving ability in salt stress was evaluated and compatibility test was performed. We have got some interesting results that plant defense enzymes and phenolic substances were accumulated in higher concentrations in plants that were treated with the two bacterial strains (Cgr and S1) either individually or in combination when challenged with biotic (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and abiotic stress (NaCl salt stress) compared to the non-bacterized plants but exposed to biotic as well as abiotic stresses. These results indicates that the Cgr and S1 have potential to be used as biocontrol agents that can help chickpea to combat attack of S. sclerotiorum as well as thrive under salt stress. Moreover, the results also indicated a common pattern of defense response by chickpea against both the biotic and abiotic stress when they are bacterized by the two bacterial strains. © 2014, Society for Plant Research. All Rights Reserved.
The Indian Himalayan ecosystem as source for survival
(Springer Singapore, 2016) Indu Bhushan; Ashok Kumar; Jai Singh Patel; R.P. Yadav; Sher Singh; Ramawatar Meena; Sunita Kumari Meena; Vijay Singh Meena
The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) covers 95 districts of the Indian union, which starts from the foothills in the south (Siwalik); the region extends to the Tibetan Plateau in the north (trans-Himalaya). The IHR occupies the strategic position of the entire northern boundary (northwest to northeast) of the country and touches almost all the international borders of seven countries with India. The contribution of India is ~16% of total geographical area, out of which ~17% area is under permanent snow cover and ~35% is under seasonal snow cover. The IHR is responsible for providing water to a large part of the Indian subcontinent and contains varied flora and fauna; it was estimated that ~40 million of the population reside in this region. The Indian Himalayan rivers run off ~1,600,000 million m3 of water annually for drinking, irrigation, hydropower, etc. The IHR has been a potential source of important medicinal herbs and shrubs. This region is extremely rich in plant life and abounds in genetic diversity of all types of fauna and flora. The medicinal virtues of the northwest (NW) Himalayan plants are well known from the early times of the great epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata and are mentioned in the oldest Hindu scriptures, viz., Rigveda, which is said to be the source of the Ayurvedic medicine system. These high hills are the storehouse of numerous herbs and shrubs, which are exploited not only for the pharmaceutical industries worldwide. In fact, a large percentage of crude drugs in the Indian market come from this Himalayan region. Besides this, the Himalayan regions remain as a source of many cereal crops, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and animal husbandry. The climate change impact is at a global level, and this Himalayan region is no exception. Due to the climatic changes, a lot of disturbances happening like flooding, drought, wildfire, and other global changes derive from pollutions and overexploitation of resources. These changes drastically degrade our natural resources, and nowadays it challenges a need to adopt a comprehensive master plan for conservation of these resources for the survival in the future. © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016.
The molecular mechanisms of ksms for enhancement of crop production under organic farming
(Springer India, 2016) Ashok Kumar; Jai Singh Patel; Indra Bahadur; Vijay Singh Meena
The continuous use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for the enhancement of crop yield and instant action of pest control causes harmful and hazardous effect on the environment due to the accumulation of minerals and biomagnifications at higher hierarchical level. Therefore, the current need is alternative and eco-friendly technology as integrated pest management (IPM) and plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) for enhancing organic farming practices. One of the promising microorganisms is potassium-solubilizing microorganisms (KSMs) as PGPMs are applicable for sustainable agriculture. Plant growth promotion (PGP) is a complex phenomenon rarely attributable to a single mechanism as most PGP microbes influence plant growth through multiple mechanisms. However, any microbial agent added to the rhizosphere has to interact not only with the plant but also with other organisms around the microenvironment. The KSMs have the ability for IAA production, K solubilization, antifungal, HCN, and siderophore production. Due to secretion of organic acids, KSMs solubilize various forms of K in soil to available forms which helps enhance plant growth, yield, and fertility status of soil. This book chapter is a critical summary of the efforts of scientist in efficient use of KSMs, mechanism of K solubilization, and use of these microorganisms for increasing the crop production. They also help plant to combat against pathogenic microbes and other environmental stresses. The indigenous microbes proven their effectiveness; such microbes suit the environmental conditions in the cropping system for which they are intended. This chapter covers the studies of KSMs, their sources, mechanism of K solubilization, and their effect on crops. © Springer India 2016. All rights reserved.
Trichoderma mediate early and enhanced lignifications in chickpea during Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris infection
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2019) Shweta Meshram; Jai Singh Patel; Sudheer K. Yadav; Gagan Kumar; Dhananjaya P. Singh; Harikesh B. Singh; Birinchi K. Sarma
Lignifications in secondary cell walls play a significant role in defense mechanisms of plants against the invading pathogens. In the present study, we investigated Trichoderma strain specific lignifications in chickpea plants pre-treated with 10 potential Trichoderma strains and subsequently challenged with the wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc). Trichoderma-induced lignifications in chickpea were observed through histochemical staining and expression of some genes of the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Lignifications were observed in transverse sections of shoots near the soil line through histochemical staining and expression pattern of the target genes was observed in root tissues through semi quantitative RT-PCR at different time intervals after inoculation of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Lignin deposition and expression pattern of the target genes were variable in each treatment. Lignifications were enhanced in all 10 Trichoderma strain treated and F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris challenged chickpea plants. However, four Trichoderma strains viz., T-42, MV-41, DFL, and RO, triggered significantly high lignifications compared to the other six strains. Time course studies showed that effective Trichoderma isolates induced lignifications very early compared to the other strains and the process of lignifications nearly completes within 6 days of pathogen challenge. Thus, from the results it can be concluded that effective Trichoderma strains trigger lignifications very early in chickpea under Foc challenge and provide better protection to chickpea plants. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Yeast a potential bio-agent: future for plant growth and postharvest disease management for sustainable agriculture
(Springer, 2020) Arpan Mukherjee; Jay Prakash Verma; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Jai Singh Patel; Abd El-Latif Hesham
The native microbial flora and fauna are replaced by commercial chemical fertilizers and pesticides, in the current agricultural system. Imbalance of beneficial microbial diversity and natural competitors increases the severity of plant diseases. Hence, sustainable agricultural practices like bio-inoculant, stress tolerant consortium, crop rotation and mix cropping sequences is only the solution of recharging the microbial population in soils to make healthier for crop productivity and suppression of soil borne phytopathogen. Microorganisms use several direct mechanism activities, e.g. production of plant hormones (indole-3-acetic acid), ammonium, siderophore and nutrient solubilization, and indirect mechanism activities, e.g. hydrogen cyanide, chitinase, protease and antibiotic for plant growth promotion. The plant growth-promoting effect of bacteria, fungi, mycorrhizal fungi and algae is widely explored. Yeast is a single-celled microbe classified as members of the kingdom fungi. Yeast and their product use in the food industry, medical science and biotechnological research purpose but very few literatures reported that yeasts have the ability to produce a group of plant growth-promoting activities and biocontrolling activity. Therefore, the main aim of this mini review is to highlight the application of yeasts as biological agents in different sectors of sustainable farming practices. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.