Browsing by Author "Jarupula Suman"

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Bioenergy Crops: Challenges and Opportunities
(Springer Nature, 2023) Jancy Garg; Prabhakar Prasad Barnwal; Jarupula Suman; Amitava Rakshit
Alternative sources of energy are the need of the hour since we are dependent upon traditional resources like fossil fuel for fulfilling our energy demands, but how long? The time has come when traditional sources of energy are depleting day by day and we are getting out of stock in terms of our energy. Using plants for the production of energy can be a good and efficient alternative that will be ecologically sustainable as well as financially stable for the ever-increasing population. This chapter focuses on such types of bioenergy crops, which can be the heroes of the coming generation in terms of energy production. Energy generated using bioenergy crops will be cleaner and cheaper, produce fewer greenhouses gases, and also help in carbon sequestration. Based on the roles played, the bioenergy crops can be divided into first generation, second generation, third generation, dedicated plants, and halophytes. Along with the multifaceted benefits like climate change, carbon sequestration, reduction in nitrous oxide emission and nitrate leaching, and restoration of ecological balance, there can be some challenges also in growing bioenergy crops. The challenges that we might be facing in growing bioenergy crops can be the competition for land and water with our main food crops, instability of the market for bioenergy crops, less economic incentives to produce and transport the bioenergy crops, and also the socioeconomic impacts. Despite the challenges associated, growing bioenergy crops can be beneficial in fulfilling the energy requirement of future generations. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Enhanced Efficiency N Fertilizers: an Effective Strategy to Improve Use Efficiency and Ecological Sustainability
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Jarupula Suman; Amitava Rakshit; Abhik Patra; Asik Dutta; Vinod Kumar Tripathi; Kiran Kumar Mohapatra; Rudramani Tiwari; S. Krishnamoorthi
In the face of climate change, improving the efficacy of applied nitrogen (N) with a low environmental footprint is crucial for feeding hungry stomachs and making production systems sustainable. Across the globe and specifically in India, with the advent of the green revolution, the need for synthetic N fertilizers increased exponentially with the crop production trends. But, applying an enormous volume of N fertilizers has boundless pessimistic impacts, and cutting-edge technologies such as enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs) are an upstanding approach. The EENFs (limited release and balanced urea-based N fertilizers) have synchronized release of N as per crop need leading to enhanced efficacy and lessening the losses in contrast to conventional urea. EENFs with substantiating enhanced efficiency is emerging as intelligent formulations compared to an appropriate reference in reducing the probable nutrient losses to the surroundings by regulating the momentum of release or soil fertilizer transformation dynamics. The augmented expenditure of more frequently used soluble N fertilizers improved crop performance; the speed of environmental impairment related to N application prompted us for EENFs. This manuscript has outlined EENFs with a particular emphasis on constituent, its classification schemes and the mode of action implicated in N release, soil factors affecting its efficient use, and delineation of the performance of EENFs on crop productivity under varied agroecosystems in greater detail. In a nutshell, it can be said that EENFs could be an effective strategy to mitigate environmental degradation while sustaining crop yield. Still, their judicious use warrants exclusion of any fertilizer mismanagement, addiction, and implementing knowledge-based N management practices. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.
Enhanced productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in rice and maize with variable-grade urea polyacrylamide fertilizer in Indo-Gangetic plains, UP, India
(Triveni Enterprises, 2025) Jarupula Suman; Amitava Rakshit
Aim: To assess the effects of various grades of ureapolyacrylamide (UPAM), applied at various phenological growth stages and frequencies, on the growth, yield, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (N-UE) of maize and rice. Methodology: Ureapolyacrylamide is a polymerized blend of polyacrylamide and urea. This process results in four UPAM grades, each with specific carbon (C) and N concentrations: UPAM-1 (C-35.35%, N-32.35%), UPAM-2 (27.67, 39.40%), UPAM-3 (25.11, 41.61%), and UPAM-4 (23.83, 42.71%). A field experiment was conducted on Inceptisol soil in a Randomized Block Design having three replications and ten treatments, including absolute control, split application of various grades of UPAM and NCU applied at different crop stages, by following recommended doses (RDF @ 120:60:60 of N: P2O5: K2O). Results: The results demonstrated that UPAM-2 significantly enhanced both economic and biological yield and N-UE. In maize, two splits of UPAM-2 were most effective, while three splits optimized results in rice. It can be seen that the UPAM-2 grade is an alternative to traditional N fertilizers regarding matching a synergy between crop requirement and availability throughout the growth period. Interpretation: UPAM-2 consistently outperformed other grades and NCU, making it the most efficient choice for increasing N-UE. © Triveni Enterprises, Lucknow (India).
High-performance nitrogen-polymer fertilizer: Synthesis, characterization, and application in sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Rudramani Tiwari; Jarupula Suman; Dipendra Kumar Verma; Devendra Kumar; S. P. Yadav; Km Parwati; Rajshree N. Rai; Shailja Rai; Krishna Karthik Kumar; S. Krishnamoorthi; Amitava Rakshit
In agriculture, nitrogen (N) plays a crucial role, and its application invites significant environmental challenges with the pressing need to increase the efficiency of N fertilization in the context of improving the efficiency, productivity, economic, and environmental aspects of the crop production system, the present research aimed at developing enhanced N fertilizers to limit the frequency of application of N to the soil ecosystem while achieving high yields of good quality. In this perspective, synthesized various grades of ureapolyacrylamide (UPAM) as a slow-release N-fertilizer and studied its application potential for two and three-split applications on yield and yield attributes and N-use efficiency (N-UE) on rice and maize which are N- exhaustive crops. Results demonstrated that UPAM-2 significantly enhanced both economic and biological yield and N-UE. In maize (61.28 qha−1), two split applications of UPAM-2 were the most effective, while three split applications optimized results in rice (59.64 qha−1). Results from N-UE, the highest agronomic use efficiency (AGRN; 26.55 & 23.75 kgkg−1), apparent N recovery (ANRN; 64.51 & 54.79 %), and partial factor productivity (PFPN; 51.06 & 40.63 kgkg−1) were found in two and three split applications of UPAM-2 in maize and rice crops. Results from economic analysis of highest net returns (98936 & 99,990 ₹ ha−1) and benefit:cost ratio (1.68 & 1.60) were also found in two and three split applications of UPAM-2 grade treated plots in both crops. Understanding these outcomes involves various contributors working at different scales under diverse agroecological conditions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Microbiome as a Key Player in Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health
(Frontiers Media SA, 2022) Jarupula Suman; Amitava Rakshit; Siva Devika Ogireddy; Sonam Singh; Chinmay Gupta; J. Chandrakala
The aggregate of microorganisms in the soil environment is a microbiome that emerged as a vital component of sustainable agriculture in the recent past. These beneficial microorganisms perform multiple plant growth-promoting activities including fixation, mineralization, solubilization, and mobilization of nutrients, production of siderophores, antagonistic substances, antibiotics, and release of plant growth-promoting substances, such as auxin and gibberellin hormones, mediated by interactions between host plant roots and microbes in the rhizosphere. Numerous plant species forms symbiotic association with microbes and draw the benefit of mineral nutrient supply with the expense of minimal energy, and their distribution is governed by nature and the number of root exudates, crop species, and cultivars. On the other hand, microorganisms with critical roles in the microbiome can be isolated, formulated, and developed as a new biological product called biofertilizers. Agriculturally, important microbes with Fe- and Zn-solubilizing attributes can be used for the biofortification of micronutrients in different cereal crops. Regardless of the approach to be used, innovations with the use of microbiomes represent the future of sustainable agriculture. Probiotic microbes, such as Lactobacillus, etc., are increasingly being used as dietary supplements in functional food products. Effective utilization of microbiome aids in promoting sustainable agriculture that accomplishes a safe environment, which in turn manifests positively on human health. Copyright © 2022 Suman, Rakshit, Ogireddy, Singh, Gupta and Chandrakala.
Organic farming is indispensable in addressing key future challenges
(Elsevier, 2023) Jayesh Singh; Chinmay Gupta; Jarupula Suman; Anubhuti; Amitava Rakshit
The necessity for sustainable food security for the global population, as well as the need to protect the environment, mainly natural and man-made ecosystems, and landscapes, has boosted the prerequisites for organic practices that function in harmony with nature. Organic farming is an exclusive amalgamation of environment-friendly agriculture practices, which require low external inputs, thereby contributing to increased quality food availability and sustainability. This goal is accomplished by employing methods that increase crop productivity without impairing the environment or the people who live and work with it. Food produced from organic farming is nutrition rich and devoid of artificial fertilizers and pesticides. Different regions face context-specific challenges, for instance, biodiversity loss, climate change, governance, and health-related issues in converging toward biologically mediated ecosystems. For addressing all the future threats and challenges, there is an urgency for an integrated approach to biological and inorganic chemical science in agriculture which is the only viable option. In the present context, consumers are now aware of the inclusion of planetary food in their regular food recipes which prompted the farmers to act accordingly. The prime objective of this chapter is to revisit and propose the integrated organic and indigenous technical practices of agriculture to ensure food and nutritional security, climate change mitigation, restore biodiversity, and maintain the food supply chain in certain unprecedented situations, for example, COVID-19 pandemic orchestrating all efforts toward the address of Sustainable Development Goals. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Seed Priming: A Potential Supplement in Integrated Resource Management Under Fragile Intensive Ecosystems
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) O. Siva Devika; Sonam Singh; Deepranjan Sarkar; Prabhakar Barnwal; Jarupula Suman; Amitava Rakshit
A majority of agricultural activities are conducted under fragile lands or set-up. The growth and development of crops are negatively affected due to several biotic and abiotic stresses. In the current situation, research efforts have been diverted toward the short-term approaches that can improve crop performance under changing environments. Seed treatment or priming technology is in a transition phase of its popularity among resource-poor farmers. Suitable policy intervention can boost low-cost techniques to implement them on a larger scale in developing countries and to harness the maximum benefits of sustainable food production systems. Primed seeds have high vigor and germination rate that help in seedling growth and successful crop stand establishment under stress conditions. This review is attempted to assess different seed priming techniques in terms of resource use efficiency, crop productivity, cost–benefit balance, and environmental impacts. Moreover, a comprehensive study of the mechanisms (physiological and biochemical) of seed priming is also elaborated. A detailed examination of the applications of priming technology under diverse agroecosystems can improve our understanding of the adaptive management of natural resources. © Copyright © 2021 Devika, Singh, Sarkar, Barnwal, Suman and Rakshit.