Browsing by Author "Jasmeet Singh"

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Ameliorative activity of ethanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) against scopolamine-induced amnestic effect and profiling of active compounds using gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2018) Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Prabhat Upadhyay; Jyoti Dixit; Pradeep Kumar; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Raghunath More; Jasmeet Singh
Background: Amnesia state damages the hippocampus and leads to the loss of short-term memory. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) is used in traditional medicines to treat various ailments. Objective: In the present investigation, we evaluated the efficacy of ethanolic extract of flowers of N. arbor-tristis against scopolamine-induced amnestic effect in male Wister rats and intended to identify the major compounds present in the extract. Materials and Methods: The anti-amnestic profile of flower extract was screened by elevated plus maze (EPM), passive avoidance (PA), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Results: EPM test confirmed the anxiolytic effect of the extract in rats and decreased the transfer latency in the protected arm of the EPM. During PA test, the extract resulted significant increase in step-down latencies during both the acquisition and retention sessions. In MWM task, the scopolamine injection significantly prolonged the escape latency time, whereas this time was shortened in flower extract-treated group. For the confirmation of anti-amnestic effect of extract, acetylcholine (Ach) content, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hippocampus brain were evaluated. The extract significantly increased ACh content and decreased the activity of AChE in the hippocampus of the brain. Similarly, the extract declined the MDA and increased the GSH and SOD levels in brain tissues. The phytol (RT 19.69) and loliolide (RT 23.50) were identified in the extract through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The four major compounds such as 4-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid hemihydrate, chalcone, and melatonin were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Conclusion: The anti-amnestic effect of ethanolic extract of the flower was confirmed. It contains several compounds which might be useful in the treatment and to control several neurodegenerative diseases. © 2019 Pharmacognosy Magazine Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
Anti-cancer potential of non-curcuminoid bioactive from Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Black Turmeric): Targeting cervical cancer via PI3K/Akt pathway modulation
(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2025) Bishnu Prasad Parida; Megha Periyappilly Radhakrishnan; Varsha Goyal; Astha Sharma; Rupesh Zarekar; Mumtaz Ahmad Ansari; Jasmeet Singh; Sunita K. Singh; Gopeshwar Narayan
Curcuma caesia, or black turmeric, is a significant medicinal plant used in traditional Indian medicine, including Ayurveda and folk practices. Indigenous communities in the northern Indo-Gangetic plains have utilized it for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infective properties. However, the anti-cancer potential of non-curcuminoid bioactive from Curcuma caesia remains underexplored. The current study investigates the anti-cancer potential of non-curcuminoid bioactive compounds derived from Curcuma caesia rhizome extracts, focusing on their effects against cervical cancer. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), key compounds were identified from hexane (HECC) and methanolic (MECC) extracts, among which 3,4-dihydrocoumarin and (+)-ar-turmerone were prominent. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that both HECC and MECC selectively inhibited the viability of cervical cancer cell lines, sparing non-tumorigenic HEK293T cells. Mechanistic analyses revealed that 3,4-dihydrocoumarin treatment led to mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, suppression of intracellular ROS, and cell cycle arrest at subG1 and G1 phases, while (+)-ar-turmerone had antagonistic modulatory effects. Western blotting confirmed downregulation of PI3K and Akt protein expression. Complementary ADME profiling indicated favorable pharmacokinetic properties, while molecular docking supported strong binding affinity of 3,4-dihydrocoumarin to PI3K and Akt targets, reinforcing its mechanism of action. Curcuma caesia rhizome fractions, especially 3,4-dihydrocoumarin, exhibit anti-cancer properties by modulating key molecular pathways, including the PI3K/Akt pathway. © The Authors
Āyurvedic Psychotropic Drugs (Medhya Rasayan Drugs) and Their Effect on Manovaha Srotas
(CRC Press, 2024) Jasmeet Singh; Nanki Singh; Sneh Shalini; Sunil Kumar Rai; Garima Malik; Rinki Kumari; G.P. Dubey
The ancient system of Āyurveda (science of life) offers a holistic approach to mental health that integrates the mind, body, and soul. Āyurvedic theory of health is based on tridoṣa (primary life forces or biological humours). The five elements (pancamāhabhūta) combine in pairs to constitute the three doṣas-Vāta (ether and air), Pitta (water and fire), and Kapha (water and earth). The combination of these doṣas inherited at birth indicates an individual’s unique constitution called Prakriti. The dynamic balance of tridoṣas creates health. Ayurveda defines mental health as a state of mental, intellectual, and spiritual well-being. Many of the Āyurvedic medicinal plant drugs, i.e., Medhya Rasayana Drugs, single are compound preparation is being used for mental well-being (brain food) from the ancient period to improve Dhi, Dhṛati, and Smṛati. Manovikāras (diseases of the psyche) can be defined as a group of clinical conditions affecting individuals with Alpasatva (weak psyche). Unmāda (Insanity), Apasmara (epilepsy), Avasāda (Depression), Citto-udvega (anxiety, neurosis), Buddhi Mandāta (Mental Retardation), Atatva-abhineviṣa (obsessive disorders), Madātyaya (intoxication), etc. are the common clinical conditions. There are some psychotropic drugs i.e. Brahmi (Centella asiatica), Aindri (Bacopa monnieri), Āmalakī (Embelica officinale), Vaca (Acorus calamus), Aswagandhā (Withenia somnifera), Sankhapuṣpī (Convolvulus pluralism), Jyotiṣmati (Celastrus paniculatus), Jaṭāmānsī (Nardostachys jatamansi), Tagara (Valeriana wallichii), Yaṣṭimadhu (Glycyrrhiza Alabama), etc. has been used for mental health. This study has been conducted for the description of Mana, Manovaha srotas, its vikara, and treatment by single medicinal plants given in Ayurvedic text with modern review. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Soumya Mukherjee, Akula Ramakrishna, and Atanu Bhattacharjee; individual chapters, the contributors.
Bio-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC.: Characterization and evaluation of its activity against Leishmania donovani
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Jyoti Dixit; Pradeep Kumar; Rajan Singh; Pooja Verma; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Jasmeet Singh
Uraria picta is used as a folk medicine to cure various ailments. Regardless of ethnobotanical application, a therapeutic study of the plant parts has yet to be reported. Aqueous leaf extract was enriched with secondary metabolites like phenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Total phenol (60.97 mgG−1 GAE), total flavonoid (52.36 mgG−1 RE), and antioxidant activity (IC50 2666.95 µgmL−1) of the extract were measured. Bio-based silver nanoparticles (LEUP-AgNPs) were fabricated using a secondary metabolite-enriched leaf extract of U. picta (LEUP), and characterization of LEUP-AgNPs was done. The LEUP-AgNPs were crystalline, circular (13.04 ± 5.97 nm), monodisperse (pdi 0.205), and stable (-17.8 mV). The LEUP-AgNPs surface was composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silver. A comparative study was performed to evaluate the potential of LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs against promastigotes and intra-RAW264.7 macrophage amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. A high dose of LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of promastigotes up to 53% and 68%, with an IC50 value of 47.90 µgmL−1 and 6.79 µgmL−1, respectively. LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs higher doses also inhibited intracellular amastigotes up to 53% and 80% with an IC50 value of 6.72 µgmL−1 and 1.16 µgmL−1, respectively. The microscopic examination revealed that LEUP-AgNPs lead to size reduction and aggregations of promastigotes. The LEUP-AgNPs efficiently declined the number of amastigotes per RAW 264.7 macrophages compared to LEUP. LEUP-AgNPs had no cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages based on the CC50 value. Findings showed LEUP-AgNPs were more efficient than LEUP in controlling L. donovani, which induces visceral leishmaniasis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Biodiversity of Indian medicinal plants as a source for anticancer drugs
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Chandrashekhar Singh; Pradeep Kumar; Jasmeet Singh
India has a rich biodiversity of medicinal plants. These plants have natural therapeutic values against various diseases; also provide high quality of food and raw materials for livelihood. Over the years, number of synthetic anticancer drugs has been developed for clinical uses. The major problem associated with these drugs is lack of specificity, as these agents do not differentiate cancer and normal cells. Other than this, drug resistance is another serious problem which developed gradually after a period of time. Combination therapy is used to combat this problem, which seems to be temporary. This approach may threaten the possibility of the development of drug resistance in host. Medicinal plants may promote host resistance against various infections by re-stabilizing body equilibrium and conditioning the body tissues. The plants are easily available, relatively inexpensive, easy to use, nontoxic as compared to the modern (allopathic) drugs. Thus, the various combinations of the active components of these plants can be formulated and assessed for their anticancer activity. The rate at which cancer problem is progressing, it is an alarming situation. It needs effective effort for making good health of humans as well as animals. There is a broad scope to derive the potent anticancer agents from medicinal plants. Several plant derived anticancer drugs are available in the market. It is directly or its derivatives are used at present in the cancer treatment. The development of a safe, economical and site-specific anticancer drug is still a challenge. Perhaps, scientists will give attention towards medicinal plants biodiversity for diverse lead compounds having a novel mode of action to tackle this dreadful disease. Major focus of this review is to explore the potential of Indian medicinal plants diversity for the development of effective anticancer drugs. © 2017 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Comparative Root Anatomy of the Drugs Used as Laghupanchamoola
(Association of Ayurvedic Physicians of India, 2025) Shalvi Agrawal; Jasmeet Singh; T. R. Baggi; Astha Pandey
There have been tremendous malpractices in trade of medicinal plants. There are a lot of medicinal floras sold in the market in the form of small twigs, pieces of roots, stems or leaves of which decoction is made and consumed. The consumers are unaware of the authenticity of these crude products which lead to the deterioration in their health owing to the consumption of inferior quality of products or their substitute or the illicit bioadulterants which look like any other common plant part. Microscopy can be used as a technique which can help to differentiate between the look alike plant parts and guide the consumers towards the quality parameters of the phytomedicines consumed by them and their family. Each plant part has its own arrangement of cells (medullary rays and bast fibres) and some peculiar characteristics that belong to the flora of that species only and this forms the basis of individualization among the similar looking parts. The study presented here describes the histological profile of roots of five medicinal floras that are extensively used in the herbal formulations as laghupanchmoola (Solanum indicum, Tribulus terrestris, Solanum xanthocarpum, Uraria picta and Desmodium gangeticum). The present study aims at standardising the histological examination of herbal plants and acts as an identification marker in the case of bioadulteration with different species. © 2025, Association of Ayurvedic Physicians of India. All rights reserved.
Direct shoot regeneration from cotyledonary node of Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC., an important plant of dashmula drugs, and assessment of genetic fidelity, metabolic profiling, and anti-diabetic activity
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Jyoti Dixit; Pooja Verma; Pallavi Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Shailesh Kumar Tiwari; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Jasmeet Singh
Uraria picta root is used in the polyherbal product ‘Dashmula’. Its exploitation for formulation preparation has depleted its availability, leading to medicine adulteration. Direct shoot regeneration from the cotyledonary node holds promise as a source of raw material. This study aimed to develop a regeneration protocol for U. picta and validate its genetic and metabolic fidelity. The seeds of U. picta showed low germination rates, prolonged dormancy, and poor viability. Root exploitation in the wild poses a threat to its availability in nature. Seedling's derived cotyledonary nodes cultured on B5 medium supplemented with BAP (0.5–3 mg L−1), Kinetin (0.5–3 mg L−1), Thidiazuron (0.01–1 mg L−1), and meta-Topolin (0.1–4 mg L1). To address hyperhydricity in regenerated shoots, cotyledonary nodes were cultured on high-agar concentration media. Microshoots were exposed to IBA solution (50–800 mg L−1) pulse treatment for rooting. Tissue-cultured plants genetic fidelity was assessed using ISSR and SCoT markers, while metabolic fidelity was studied with HRMS. The chlorophyll content, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity of micropropagated plants were evaluated. The highest shoot regeneration frequency, with a maximum of 6.57±0.278 shoots per explant, was achieved using 2 mg L−1 meta-Topolin. The shoots were elongated, had expanded leaves, and were hyperhydrated. BAP (2 mg L−1) induced a maximum of 9.83±0.333 shoot buds per explant. BAP caused explant browning, profuse callus formation, dwarfing, and hyperhydric shoots. Hyperhydricity was alleviated with a higher agar concentration (1 %). IBA (400 mg L−1) induced a maximum of 2.18±0.090 roots per shoot and a root length of 9.23±0.033 cm. Tissue-cultured and mother plants exhibited clonal fidelity, similar metabolite and chlorophyll content, strong antioxidant activity, and equal efficacy for inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase. This method can propagate elite clones of U. picta and offer its improvement via genetic transformation. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Estimation of Antioxidant Potential, Phytochemical Profiling, and In Silico Characterization of Hepatoprotective Biomarkers of Phyllanthus fraternus G.L. Webster Leaves
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Richa Upadhyay; Chandrashekhar Singh; Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Rajesh Saini; Jasmeet Singh; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
The present study reports a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus fraternus leaves. The reducing power and total polyphenolic content of the extracts were also measured. A significant correlation (0.99) was found between total antioxidant activity and the polyphenolic content of the extract. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) analysis resulted in the identification of twenty bioactive compounds from the aqueous extract of leaves. These compounds have been identified for the first time in the P. fraternus extract. The hepatoprotective activity of the compounds was assessed through in silico docking analysis against two important liver enzymes, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST). Seven hepatoprotective compounds- hinokitiol, daidzein, gamma-tocopherol, luteolin, hesperitin, scoulerin, and 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin have been identified that could be used in hepatoprotective drug formulations after clinical trials. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Factors affecting the efficiency of in vitro regeneration from seedling-derived nodal explants of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. and evaluation of genetic fidelity
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Pallavi Mishra; Shailesh Kumar Tiwari; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Jasmeet Singh
An in vitro micropropagation protocol for Nyctanthes arbor-tristis was developed through the culture of seedling-derived nodal explants. The highest direct shoot induction rate, the mean number of shoots per explant and average shoot length was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Full-strength MS medium was found better than other concentrations for organogenesis. Their lower or higher concentration from optimum level was inhibitory for shoot regeneration. Among different carbon sources tested for organogenesis, MS medium supplemented with 87.64 mM sucrose was superior to other carbon sources for in vitro morphogenesis. Best rooting of microshoots was achieved on one-quarter strength MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Under this treatment, maximum mean number of roots/shoot and mean root length were 9.40 ± 0.70 and 2.47 ± 0.25 cm, respectively. The genetic fidelity among regenerates and donor plant has been confirmed by ISSR markers. © 2019, © 2019 Societá Botanica Italiana.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Premna integrifolia (L.) rich in polyphenols and evaluation of their antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2019) Chandrashekhar Singh; Jitendra Kumar; Pradeep Kumar; Brijesh Singh Chauhan; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Sunil Kumar Mishra; S. Srikrishna; Rajesh Saini; Gopal Nath; Jasmeet Singh
Premna integrifolia L. is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In the present study, green silver nanoparticles were synthesized efficiently after mixing 1 mmol/L AgNO3 and 4% aqueous leaf extract at neutral pH (7.0) after 25 min sunlight exposure. The aqueous leaf extract was enriched with polyphenols. It had higher flavonoid (67.23 ± 1.23 µg/mg gallic acid equivalent) than phenolic content (58.10 ± 2.29 µg/mg rutin equivalent). The bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic studies. The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape and ranged from 9 to 35 nm in size. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was confirmed on the basis of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses. The presence of silver ions in the biosynthesized nanoparticles was demonstrated based on energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) data (3.5 keV). The functional groups involved in the nanoparticle synthesis were analysed using FT-IR. These silver nanoparticles showed good antibacterial activity against human pathogenic gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative (Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) bacteria. The silver nanoparticles exhibited good in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity to human cervical cancer cell line (SiHa). © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Hepatoprotective efficacy of Premna integrifolia L. leaves against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in mice
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Chandrashekhar Singh; Chandra Prakash; Pallavi Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Raghunath Shahaji More; Vijay Kumar; Jasmeet Singh
The present study evaluated the hepatoprotective role of ethanol extract of P. integrifolia leaves (EEPL) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced toxicity in mice. Mice were administered with AFB1 (0.1 mg/kg b. wt., orally) for 90 days, EEPL (400 and 600 mg/kg b. wt., orally) and silymarin (100 mg/kg b. wt., orally) in combination with AFB1. The study shows the protective effect of EEPL by the restoration of altered hematological indices and liver marker enzymes. Restoration of lipid peroxidation and glutathione content, along with activities of antioxidant enzymes, suggest amelioration of oxidative stress in AFB1-intoxicated mice. In addition, EEPL attenuated apoptosis and histopathological alterations in liver tissue. In conclusion, the current study suggests that EEPL protect mice liver against AFB1 toxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. The protective activity of EEPL may be due to the enrichment of flavonoids (neohesperidin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, catechin hydrate, cyanidin chloride, quercetin-3-galactoside, diosmin, genistein, malvin chloride, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-arabinoside, myricitrin, poncirin, vitexin and tiliroside) in the extract as identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Herbal Immunomodulators and COVID-19
(Springer Nature, 2022) Rinki Kumari; Anita Venaik; Jasmeet Singh; Rajesh K. Kesharwani
Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) globally affects the people’s health and social life, and it became a challenging task for pharma and research communities. Several medical research or scientific institutions are trying to develop potent antiviral vaccine/drugs against the coronavirus. There are urgent needs to explore all the possibilities against the pandemic disease, and, among that, it is well cited in many literature that Ayurveda has an important role since ancient time against many viral diseases. The Ayurvedic medicinal system is mainly based on herbal formulations, which boost the immune system or work synergistically to protect our body against invading harmfull micro-organisms. The herbal medicinal system has identified several herbs used in various home remedies. It is thought to effectively fight corona and improve health immunity; the current chapter describes the therapeutics of plants Phyllanthus emblica, Azadirachta indica, and Swertia chirata in the current scenario against COVID-19. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Micropropagation of Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Hurusawa—a valuable medicinal plant through root culture and evaluation of its genetic fidelity and metabolomics
(Springer, 2025) Rajesh Saini; Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Pallavi Mishra; Praveen Kumar Shukla; Jyoti Vishwakarma; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Shailesh Kumar Tiwari; Jasmeet Singh
Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Hurusawa (Euphorbiaceae) is a valuable endemic medicinal plant. The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red Data Book classified it under threatened species. The seeds exhibit low viability, prolonged dormancy, and a low germination rate. In the current study, direct shoot regeneration from the root explant was achieved, which helps in the conservation of germplasm. Root explants were cultured on woody plant as well as Murashige and Skoog medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (0.5–5.0 mg L−1), kinetin (0.5–5.0 mg L−1), meta-Topolin (0.5–5.0 mg L−1), thidiazuron (0.1–1.5 mg L−1), and N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenyl urea (0.1–1.0 mg L−1). The 2.0 mg L−1meta-Topolin supplemented in WP medium was found most effective for induction of maximum shoot responding frequency (100 ± 0.0), number of shoots/explant (6.47 ± 0.21), and mean shoot length (4.54 ± 0.19 cm). The direct shoot organogenesis was observed under scanning electron microphotographs. Similarly, histological observations confirmed its direct origin from pericycle tissues. The microshoots showed the best rooting on Murashige and Skoog media containing indole-3-butyric acid (3.0 mg L−1) with a maximum percent responding frequency (95 ± 2.89), numbers of roots/shoot (4.41 ± 0.06), and mean root length (6.10 ± 0.10 cm). Plants were well acclimatized and grown in the field. The genetic homogeneity among mother and micropropagated plants was established using inter-simple sequence repeat, start codon targeted markers, and DNA content (2C) analysis with the help of flow cytometry. Regenerated plants exhibited good antioxidant activity. Both plants showed similar metabolites based on Fourier transform infrared and high-resolution mass spectrometry analyses. This protocol can be used for conservation, multiplication, and genetic improvement by transforming the elite clones. © The Society for In Vitro Biology 2025.
Panchvalkal (polyherbal formulation) mitigates STZ induced type 2 DM by modulating the expression of hexokinase (HX), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triphosphate isomerase (TPI)
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Pratistha Singh; Khushi Verma; Jyoti Dixit; Vipin Rai; Gopeshwar Narayan; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Anil Kumar Singh; Jasmeet Singh; Kumar Ashutosh
Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the potentiality of Panchvalkal (Ayurvedic formulation) for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Panchvalkal is polyherbal formulation of bark Ficus benghalensis L., Ficus racemosa L., Ficus religiosa L., Thespesia populnea L. and Ficus lacor Buch-Ham. The formulation was traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and to treat ulcers, wounds, leucorrhoea and other vaginal diseases. Objective: The current study was hypothesized to investigate Panchvalkal aqueous extract protective property against streptozotocin induced Diabetes Mellitus Swiss albino rats and its effects on HX, LDH and TPI genes involved in glycolysis pathway. Method: Aqueous extract of the bark of five medicinal plants were prepared. The aqueous extract of Panchvalkal was analyzed for antioxidant property (TF, TP, DPPH and RP). Diabetes was induced in Swiss albino rats through streptozotocin (60 mgKg-1 bw i.p.) administration. The extract (500 mgKg-1 bw) and glibenclamide (300 mgKg-1 bw) alone and in combination was administrated orally to specific group of animals up to 28 days. Animals were scarified, blood was collected, and liver excised. cDNA was prepared from RNA isolated from the liver. Expression of HX, LDH and TPI were studied through real-time PCR analysis. Result: Panchvalkal aqueous extract was enriched with phenol content (82.84 mg GAE G−1) and flavonoid content (283.52 mg RE G−1) and showed effective antioxidant property. No sign of toxicity and mortality in rats were recorded during toxicity assessment. Rats administrated with Panchvalkal 500 mgKg-1 bw showed significant reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increase in HDL level. Also the plasma glucose level was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in comparison to diabetic control. Significant increase in enzymes level such as SGOT and SGPT was observed. Panchvalkal modulated the expression level of Hexokinase (HX), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Triphosphate isomerase (TPI) genes in STZ induced T2DM. Conclusion: The present study showed that Panchvalkal acts effectively in modulating the mRNA expression of HX, LDH and TPI genes involved in the glycolysis pathway and other metabolic reactions. It significantly increased the glucose uptake and improved the glucose metabolism in T2DM. © 2021 The Authors
Sensing of mercury ion using light induced aqueous leaf extract mediated green synthesized silver nanoparticles of Cestrum nocturnum L
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Pradeep Kumar; Piyush Kumar Sonkar; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Amit Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Jyoti Dixit; Vellaichamy Ganesan; Jasmeet Singh
In this study, a simple, one-pot, and eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was accomplished with the use of aqueous leaves extract of Cestrum nocturnum L.(AECN). Different techniques like ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning area electron diffraction were used to investigate the optical, operational, and physical properties of the green synthesized AECN-AgNPs.The AECN-AgNPs were further used for the detection of Hg2+ by UV–Vis and electrochemical methods. The disintegration of the AECN-AgNPs solution caused the formation of an Ag-Hg amalgam, which caused discoloration of the solution. Sensing performance for a variety of metals such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu 2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+, and Mn2+ at 10-mM concentrations was measured in order to determine the selectivity of the sensor towards the Hg2+. For the electrochemical determination of 2 + Hg2+ , AECN-AgNPs were immobilized on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and the resulting modified electrode (GC/AECN-AgNPs) was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. This phenomenon is advantageously used for the sensitive determination of trace level Hg2+. GC/AECN-AgNPs demonstrated a linear calibration range of 100 nM to 10 μM and a limit of detection of 21 nM for Hg2+ determination. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.