Browsing by Author "Jay Kumar Ranjan"

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Atmospheric variability and prevalence of common psychiatric disorders in south asia: A meta-regressive analysis
(Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, 2019) Jay Kumar Ranjan; Amrita Choudhary; Hari Shanker Asthana
Background: The review of literature suggests that there is a dearth of meta-analytical study that examines the role of Atmospheric Variability on the prevalence of mental disorders in South Asia. Ai ms &Obj ecti ves: Therefore, the present study explores the moderating role of variability in temperature, air pressure, humidity, and rainfall on the prevalence of Common Psychiatric Disorders in South Asia. Material & Methods: Databases of several web sources, namely, EBSCOhost, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were explored for the studies that had previously observed the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in South Asian countries. Further, articles were also examined manually. Initially, geographical locations (i.e. latitude, longitude, and altitude) of surveyed places were determined. Based on these locations, historical atmospheric data were retrieved. Meta-regression analysis was computed using R –software with ‘metafor’ package. Results: The present Meta-analysis included 32 epidemiological studies consisting of 110402 persons reported a total morbidity in 7935 persons across seven countries of South Asia. Yearly rainfall (z=2.8260, p<0.01), yearly variability in temperature (z=3.7160, p<0.001), yearly variability in humidity (z=-2.4031, p<0.05) appear to have a significant influence on the prevailing patterns of common psychiatric disorders. However, yearly variability in atmospheric pressure did not have a significant influence on the prevalence of mental disorders (z= 1.0364, p>0.300). Conclusion: Discomfort weather conditions such as yearly temperature variability, excessive rainfall, and yearly variability in humidity have a significant role in the occurrence and maintenance of different psychiatric disorders in South Asia. © 2019, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine. All rights reserved.
Cannabis use, polysubstance use, and psychosis prodrome among first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Rajbala Kumari; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Saroj Verma
Background: Cannabis use and Psychosis are closely associated. Polysubstance use is prevalent among cannabis users. However, previous literature majorly examined the relationship between only cannabis use and schizophrenia disorder. Little is known about the impact of polysubstance use on the onset of prodromal symptoms. There is a scarcity of studies comparing the severity and characteristics of prodromal symptoms between cannabis users and polysubstance users. Aim: This study investigates the association between polysubstance use and prodromal symptoms. It also compares the severity and characteristics of prodromal symptoms among individuals with different substance use patterns. Method: 246 first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia participated in the study, using purposive sampling method. Pattern of substance use and prodromal symptoms were assessed using the WHO ASSIST Scale and PROD-Screen respectively. Result: Significant association was found between substance use and symptoms of prodrome (r = −0.57, p < .01). Individuals who consumed more than one substance experienced more severe prodromal symptoms. Prodromal symptoms viz. “hallucinatory and delusional symptoms” and affect and thinking difficulties discriminate the study groups effectively. Conclusion: Cannabis plus other substance use increases the risk of prodrome among first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Polysubstance use causes more thinking, affective, delusionary, and hallucinatory symptoms of prodrome. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Clinical and Affective Correlates of Cognitive Functioning in Complicated Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Belonging to Rural Areas
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2021) Akanksha Chaurasiya; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Nityanand Pandey; Hari Shanker Asthana
Abstarct Background/Objective Mild and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neglected field especially with reference to its association with cognitive, behavioral, and emotional sequelae. The present study aimed to investigate the association of affective symptoms and clinical factors with neurocognitive functioning in complicated mild and moderate TBI patients. Materials and Methods The sample comprised 39 complicated mild and moderate TBI patients with age range of 18 to 59 years. The study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The patients were assessed with the neurocognitive tests, Rivermead Post Concussion Symptom Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Statistical Analysis Partial correlations and zero order correlations were used to test the relationships between variables. Results The injury-related factors, namely level of consciousness and Glasgow Coma Scale were found to be associated with divided attention and memory dysfunction (p < 0.05), respectively. Anxiety was found to be associated with impairment on all domains of neurocognitive function (p < 0.05) except divided attention. Depressive symptoms were found to be correlated with all the neurocognitive functions (p < 0.05) except focused and divided attention, whereas head injury symptoms correlated with impairment on focused and divided attention (p < 0.05). Conclusion Present study highlights the need to acknowledge affective symptoms along with clinical factors in the planning of the rehabilitation programs for such patients in rural scenario. © 2021 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
Early maladaptive schemas as discriminators of differential attitudes toward substance use among individuals with cluster A, B, and C personality
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Madhubanti Sinha; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Rajbala Kumari
Background: Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs), personality traits, and substance use exhibit intricate associations. EMSs could potentially serve as vulnerability factors for substance use and personality disorders. However, there is a paucity of research examining how these schemas influence attitudes toward SU in individuals with different personality clusters. Aim: To investigate the association of EMSs with substance use and attitudes toward substance use among youth. Also, to identify the EMSs those play a pivotal role in classifying individuals with different attitudes toward substance use. Method: A total of 155 participants were selected using an incidental sampling method. CAGE-AID. Drug Attitude Scale, Young’s Schema Questionnaire, and MCMI-III were used to measure study variables. Results: EMSs were found to be significantly associated with CAGE-AID score and attitudes toward substance use among individuals with diverse personality traits. “Fear of losing control,” “Emotional constriction,” and “Punitiveness self-directed” schemas emerged as the most influential predictors differentiating positive, neutral, and negative attitudes toward substance use among individuals with Cluster A, B, and C personality traits, respectively. Those with negativity/pessimism, enmeshment, and subjugation EMSs are more likely to engage in substance use. Conclusion: EMSs play a crucial role in developing a positive attitude toward substance use. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Early maladaptive schemas as discriminators of differential attitudes toward substance use among individuals with cluster A, B, and C personality
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Madhubanti Sinha; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Rajbala Kumari
Background: Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs), personality traits, and substance use exhibit intricate associations. EMSs could potentially serve as vulnerability factors for substance use and personality disorders. However, there is a paucity of research examining how these schemas influence attitudes toward SU in individuals with different personality clusters. Aim: To investigate the association of EMSs with substance use and attitudes toward substance use among youth. Also, to identify the EMSs those play a pivotal role in classifying individuals with different attitudes toward substance use. Method: A total of 155 participants were selected using an incidental sampling method. CAGE-AID. Drug Attitude Scale, Young’s Schema Questionnaire, and MCMI-III were used to measure study variables. Results: EMSs were found to be significantly associated with CAGE-AID score and attitudes toward substance use among individuals with diverse personality traits. “Fear of losing control,” “Emotional constriction,” and “Punitiveness self-directed” schemas emerged as the most influential predictors differentiating positive, neutral, and negative attitudes toward substance use among individuals with Cluster A, B, and C personality traits, respectively. Those with negativity/pessimism, enmeshment, and subjugation EMSs are more likely to engage in substance use. Conclusion: EMSs play a crucial role in developing a positive attitude toward substance use. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Effectiveness of Psychological Intervention Methods for the Management of Positive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025) Jay Kumar Ranjan; Saishree; Amrita Choudhary
Purpose of the Review: There is a dearth of research on determining the optimal psychological intervention approach for symptom-specific management in schizophrenia. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the efficacy of therapeutic strategies in the management of various symptom subtypes, such as positive symptoms (PS) and negative symptoms (NS), hallucinations, and delusions in schizophrenia. Collection and Analysis of Data: Six electronic journal databases, namely Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost, PubMed, Ovid, and Taylor and Francis were searched up to November 2023 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for Network Meta-Analyses (NMA) guidelines. Articles were identified using predefined keywords and subsequently screened by pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were extracted for PS, NS, hallucinations, and delusions, both for pre- and post-trial conditions. The effect size and standard errors of each trial were computed using the “metafor” library, and further NMA was performed using the “netmeta” package of R software version 4.2.1. The analysis was conducted on 100 RCTs involving 7,036 patients with schizophrenia undergoing eight different psychological interventions and treatment-as-usual (TAU). Meta-cognitive training (MCT+), social skills training (SST), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) were found to be effective in treating both PS and NS of schizophrenia. However, virtual reality therapy (VRT) was found to be effective only in the management of hallucinations and overall PS, and MCT+ and CBT were found to be effective treatment measures in the management of delusions. Conclusions: Psychotherapies were found to be more effective compared to TAU, except acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and supportive psychotherapy (ST). PROSPERO Registration ID: CRD42022385392. © 2025 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
Estimation of premorbid intelligence: Demographical and current neurocognitive functioning based algorithms
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Akanksha Chaurasiya; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Nityanand Pandey; Hari Shanker Asthana
Background & Aim: Establishing a premorbid level of intellectual functioning is crucial for determining the severity level of impairment and prognosis for patients in clinical setting. Therefore, the study aimed to develop a method to estimate premorbid IQ of Hindi speaking Indian population. Methods and materials: A Hindi vocabulary test was developed (N = 60) and standardized (N = 100). The regression algorithm has been developed using VAIS, WAPIS, RPMT, and a newly developed Vocabulary test, and validated on 100 normal individuals and on 39 brain injury patients. Results: The estimated premorbid Verbal IQ and performance IQ equation was developed by using demographic variables combine with Hindi vocabulary scores and Matrix Reasoning raw scores respectively. Both the estimated premorbid verbal and performance IQ were found to be significant and valid in estimating verbal and performance IQ in normal and brain injury population. Conclusion: These equations for estimating verbal and performance IQ were found significantly accurate in predicting verbal and performance IQ. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
EXPLORATION OF THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MINDFULNESS-BASED COGNITIVE THERAPY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SATIPAṬṬHĀNA SUTTA
(Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, 2024) Nikapitiye Nandarathana; Jay Kumar Ranjan
The present research investigates the theoretical foundations of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), focusing on the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta, a foundational text in Buddhist meditation practice. The study aims to examine the foundational framework of MBCT by assessing the congruence between MBCT practices and techniques and Buddhist meditation methods explained in the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta. Even though MBCT is an evidence-based psychotherapeutic intervention for preventing the relapse of depression, its theoretical foundation and mechanism of efficacy remain insufficiently investigated. Through a cross-cultural perspective, this study evaluates the relationship between MBCT and the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta and its implications for the development of MBCT as a therapeutic intervention, focusing on the connections between the theoretical underpinnings of MBCT and the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta. The findings support that MBCT is an evidence-based intervention that was integrated with ancient knowledge from Asia on the management of depression. © 2024 by the author.
Hindi Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire on Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
(Oxford University Press, 2025) Akanksha Chaurasiya; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Nityanand Pandey; Hari S. Asthana
Background: The Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPCSQ) is a widely used tool for assessing the pattern and severity of post–head injury symptoms, and has been translated and validated in various languages. However, a Hindi version of this questionnaire is not yet available. Therefore, the present study aimed to adapt the RPCSQ into Hindi and examine its factorial structure along with its psychometric properties. Method: The original English version of RPCSQ was adapted into Hindi by using the cross-cultural adaptation process. The final adapted Hindi version of RPCSQ (RPCSQ-H) was administered on traumatic brain injury (TBI) participants to assess its reliability, factor structure, discriminant validity, construct validity, and temporal stability of scale. Result: The psychometric evaluation of the scale yielded an acceptable Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.768. The temporal stability of RPCSQ-H was significant at the acute stage, with test–retest coefficients of 0.713 and 0.615 after 7 days and 14 days, respectively. Additionally, the results supported a six-factor model of the RPCSQ-H with good convergent validity, factor reliability, and discriminant validity. Conclusion: The RPCSQ-H demonstrates strong reliability and validity along with good psychometric to assess post–head injury symptoms in Hindi-speaking patients with TBI. © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Hindi Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Affiliate Stigma Scale
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022) Rajbala Kumari; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Saroj Verma; Hari Shanker Asthana
Background: The Affiliate Stigma Scale (ASS) is a widely used tool to measure affiliate stigma in the caregivers of individuals with various types of mental illnesses. However, the Hindi adaptation of this scale with evident psychometric properties is not available. This study aimed to adapt the ASS in the Hindi language and, further, to validate it in the Indian setting. Methods: Translation and back-translation methods were used to translate the original items of the ASS to the Hindi language. After completion of translations and linguistic adaptation process, the Hindi translated version of the ASS, WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered to 140 caregivers of persons with mental illness. Purposive sampling method was adopted. The age range of the participants was 17–60 years. Psychometric properties, as well as the factor structures of the scale, were evaluated. Results: The Hindi version of the ASS has adequate internal consistencies (r = 0.87–0.93) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.78, P < 0.001). The concurrent validity of this scale was also high, as the correlation coefficients among the Hindi version of the ASS, WHOQOL-BREF, GHQ-12, and HADS were ranging from 0.23 to 0.35. The exploratory factor analysis revealed three underlying factors, namely, cognition, affect, and behavior. Conclusions: The Hindi version of the ASS is a reliable and valid psychometric tool to measure affiliate stigma in caregivers of patients with mental illness. © 2022 Indian Psychiatric Society - South Zonal Branch.
Hindi adaptation of pediatric symptom checklist-youth version (PSC-Y)
(Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2019) Akanksha Chaurasiya; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Hari Shankar Asthana
Background: The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth Version (PSC-Y) is a widely used self-report measure designed to detect psychosocial dysfunctions in adolescents and youth. PSC-Y has been translated and validated in different languages. However, Hindi translation, as well as psychometric validation of PSC-Y, is yet to be done in India. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to translate the PSC-Y in Hindi language and psychometrically validate it in Indian setting. Method: To ascertain the psychometric properties; the Hindi version of PSC-Y, the Mental Health Inventory, the Adjustment Inventory, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were administered to 300 secondary and higher secondary students of different schools of Varanasi and nearby places. Furthermore, after one month the Hindi translated version of PSC-Y was re-administered on 178 students. Results: Findings of the present study suggest that the Hindi version of PSC-Y has high test-retest reliability (r= 0.82, p< 0.01), and strong internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.84, p < 0.01; Spearman-Brown r = 0.82, p< 0.01). The concurrent validity of the tool is also good, along with its sensitivity and specificity in detecting anxiety, depression and general mental health. Conclusion: The Hindi version of PSC-Y has good psychometric properties and further it can be used for the screening of the psychosocial dysfunctions among Indian adolescents. © 2019, Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. All rights reserved.
Incorporating the Outcomes of COVID-19 with Other Recent Pandemic Outbreaks on Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Amrita Choudhary; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Payal Sharma; H.S. Asthana
The community transmission of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has created a sense of panic and anxiety around the world. There is a rich pandemic-based evidence that shows the effect of disease outbreaks on the mental health of healthcare workers. However, inconsistencies and discrepancies have been observed among the findings of most of the reported studies. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to identify the mental health issues faced by the doctors, nurses, and other paramedical staffs as a result of any health emergency. Firstly, databases of several web sources, namely, EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were explored for searching the articles that dealt with the psychological distress faced by healthcare professionals during any pandemic. Thereafter, retrieved articles were systematically selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed through guidelines of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Meta-analysis was computed using R software (3.5.3) with “metafor” package. The present meta-analysis includes 49 epidemiological studies consisting of 59,552 healthcare workers across the globe. The results of the analyses indicated that 7% of the healthcare workers reported anxiety issues (95% CI: 0.42–1.01), 5% reported stress (95% CI: 0.29–0.69) and depressive symptoms (95% CI: 0.40–0.52), 8% reported sleep problems (95% CI: 0.53–1.07), and 6% reported post-traumatic stress symptoms (95% CI: 0.41–0.70) during COVID-19. Prevalence of sleep problems among healthcare workers was the highest during the current pandemic, as compared to previous ones. Hence it would be reasonable to conclude that medical healthcare workers involved in controlling any infectious disease outbreak are under increased psychological burden and hence and are at a high risk of developing and experiencing mental health problems. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactive disorders in South Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional surveys from 1980 to 2023
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Jay Kumar Ranjan; Rajbala Kumari; Amrita Choudhary
[No abstract available]
Prevalence of dementia in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(NLM (Medline), 2021) Amrita Choudhary; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Hari Shanker Asthana
Background: There are rich state-based epidemiological evidences on dementia in India, which shows that neurodegenerative disorders are one of the major public health problems. However, inconsistencies and variability have been observed among the findings of most of the reported studies. Objectives: This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall prevalence of dementia in India. Methods: Databases of several web sources, namely EBSCOhost, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were explored for searching the studies that had previously observed the prevalence of dementia in India. Retrieved articles were systematically selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed through guidelines of strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology, and the risk of bias was assessed using the guidelines of Quality in Prognosis Studies. Meta-analysis was computed using R software (3.5.3) with "metaphor" package. Results: The present meta-analysis included 20 epidemiological studies consisting of 86,312 persons, out of which a total number of 1193 persons reported to have dementia across several states of India. The results of the meta-analysis indicated the number of elderly that suffer from dementia amounts to 20 per 1000 population (95% confidence interval: 0.02-0.03). The prevalence was higher in older age groups (75 years and above) as compared to those below 75 years of age. However, the prevalence rates were similar for males and females and rural and urban population. Conclusion: Dementia is a common neuropsychiatric condition in the Indian elderly population. Further, evidence-based national survey is needed to estimate the exact prevalence of the disease in the country.
Prevalence of Head Injury in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-sectional Community-based Surveys
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025) Saishree; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Hari S. Asthana; Nityanand Pandey
Background: Head injury (HI) causes a wide range of psychological symptoms, such as cognitive deficits and mood changes, leading to significant disability. Although a few studies have explored the prevalence of HI in India. However, none of the meta-analytical studies reported the estimation of the prevalence of HI in India based on cross-sectional community surveys. Summary: A systematic review search was conducted on journal hosting sites, namely EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Ovid, PubMed, and Web of Science, complying with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Cross-sectional Indian studies reporting the prevalence of HI in India were included in the present study. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Tool for Prevalence Studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using ‘meta’ and ‘dmetar’ packages through R software (4.4.0). A total of 17 studies surveyed 85,720 people, of whom 921 suffered from HI. The results showed an HI prevalence of 25.7 per thousand people in India. Subgroup analysis revealed a higher prevalence of HI among females (91.1 per 1,000) in comparison to males (85.1 per 1,000). Additionally, subgroup analysis of domicile revealed a higher HI prevalence among those from urban areas (29.5 per 1,000) than among those from rural areas (22.4 per 1,000). Key Message: This study highlights the substantial burden of HI in India and the associated disparities in gender and domicile. The findings will be helpful to health professionals and policymakers in making informed decisions regarding the preventive aspects of HI in India. © The Author(s) 2025. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
Prevalence of mental disorders in India and other South Asian countries
(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2017) Jay Kumar Ranjan; Hari Shankar Asthana
The present study focused on a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature related to the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in India and other South Asian countries. This study was carried out to fill up the scanty research conducted in the quantitative review of the prevalence of common mental disorders in South Asian countries. For this purpose, PubMed, PsycINFO, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar databases were searched to find out studies that examined the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in South Asia. Subsequently, additional articles were searched based on the references mentioned in the identified published studies. Retrieved articles were systematically selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The present meta-analysis included 34 epidemiological studies consisting of 158555 persons, out of which a total number of 8389 persons were reported to have mental disorders across seven countries of South Asia. This alarming number of mentally disordered people amounts to 122 per 1000 population, i.e. (95% CI: 8-252, Z = 1.82, p<0.06). Epidemiological studies also reported that prevalence of mental disorders varied from 6.06 to 533.73/1000 population in South Asia. From the present review, it may be concluded that psychiatric disorders are affecting people across all the regions of South Asia and appears to be a serious public health issue in South Asia. © 2017 Jay Kumar Ranjan and Hari Shankar Asthana.
Psychometric Properties of the Hindi Version of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Scale Validation of the Five-Factor Structure
(Hogrefe Publishing GmbH, 2024) Rajbala Kumari; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Saroj Verma
Aim: The Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Scale is a popular instrument that assesses an individual’s responsiveness to reward and punishment. It is widely translated and validated in different languages. However, the Hindi version of this scale is not yet available. The present study aimed to adapt the BIS/BAS scale into Hindi and examine its psychometric properties and factor structure. Method: The original BIS/BAS scale was translated into Hindi using the translation and back-translation method. The translated Hindi version along with the NEO-FFI and HADS was administered on 200 participants. Psychometric properties, i.e., reliability, validity, and factor structure, were estimated. Result: Cronbach’s α coefficient ranged between.68 and.80, while test–retest reliability ranges between.85 and.92. The validity is also adequate. The findings support the five-factor structure of the BIS/BAS scale. Limitations: The present study has a relatively small sample, which is drawn from only one Hindi-speaking region of India. Conclusion: It was found that the Hindi version of the BIS/BAS scale is a reliable and valid tool with good psychometric properties. © 2024 The Author(s).
Role of Neuropsychological Factors in Post Head Injury Symptoms of Complicated Mild-moderate Traumatic Brain Injury patients
(National Documentation Centre, 2024) Akanksha Chaurasiya; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Nityanand Pandey; Hari Shanker Asthana
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health issue. The prevalence of post-head injury symptoms is well documented. However, only a few studies have examined its predictors, specifically the role of the neurocognitive and affective components in post-head injury symptoms. To examine the predictive role of neurocognitive and affective factors in post-head injury symptoms of complicated mild to moderate TBI patients. Thirty-nine patients with a GCS score of 9 to 15 and evidence of radiological intracranial abnormality were recruited for the study. All patients were assessed with neurocognitive measures such as the Stroop test for inhibitory control, the AIIMS memory scale for memory, and the Trail Making Test (TMT) for attention. The psychological distress of patients was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), and post-head injury symptoms were assessed with the Rivermead Post Concussive Symptom Questionnaire (RPCSQ). Logistic regression analyses were conducted with predictors as neurocognitive measures and HADS scores and criterion variables as subjectively reported post-head injury symptoms on RPCSQ. Psychological distress and attention score significantly predict the presence of post-head injury cognitive symptoms in participants with complicated mild to moderate TBI (p<.05). In contrast, severity of injury significantly predicted the presence of post-head injury symptoms in physical/ somatic domain (p<.05). Furthermore, psychological distress and memory scores significantly predict presence of affective symptoms in participants with complicated mild-moderate TBI (p<.05). These findings suggest the need of addressing psychological distress along with neurocognitive impairment as a crucial component in neurorehabilitation for participants with complicated mild-moderate TBI. © 2024, Akanksha Chaurasiya, Jay Kumar Ranjan, Nityanand Pandey, Hari Shanker Asthana.
The Efficacy and Durability of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025) Nikapitiye Nandarathana; Jay Kumar Ranjan
Purpose of the Review: There is a dearth of meta-analytical studies measuring the durability of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate both the effectiveness and durability of MBCT in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Collection and Analysis of Data: We systematically searched six databases from June 11, 2023 to September 16, 2023 for randomized control trials (RCTs) of adults diagnosed with anxiety or depressive disorders as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision or the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems diagnostic criteria; the treatment group received the complete form of MBCT, whereas the control group received other interventions or treatment as usual; the treatment outcome focused on symptoms of depression or anxiety. Two independent reviewers included studies, assessed quality, and extracted data. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2.0 tool was applied to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. R 4.2.1 software and the “metafor” package were used to estimate the effect sizes based on mean and standard deviation of anxiety and depressive disorders at baseline and postintervention, and at postintervention and follow-up periods for both the treatment and control groups. A total of 1,470 studies were reviewed, and 21 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed an overall standardized mean difference of −0.4806 [CI: −0.7185; −0.2428] and −0.3817 [CI: −0.5407; −0.2228] for reducing anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively indicating the effectiveness of MBCT. Comparison between postintervention and follow-up or follow-up measurement showed a small and nonsignificant effect size for depression (0.0130 [CI: −0.2109; 0.2369]) and anxiety (0.0198 [CI: −0.0660; 0.1057]), suggesting that recovered symptoms in the treatment group were maintained until the follow-up evaluation. Conclusion: MBCT produces long-term treatment effects in the management of both depressive and anxiety disorders. Protocol preregistration: The current meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and got registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023465494). © 2024 The Author(s).
The Efficacy and Durability of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2024) Nikapitiye Nandarathana; Jay Kumar Ranjan
Background: There is a dearth of meta-analytical studies measuring the durability of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate both the effectiveness and durability of MBCT in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Methods: We systematically searched six databases from June 11, 2023 to September 16, 2023 for randomized control trials (RCTs) of adults diagnosed with anxiety or depressive disorders as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision or the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems diagnostic criteria; the treatment group received the complete form of MBCT, whereas the control group received other interventions or treatment as usual; the treatment outcome focused on symptoms of depression or anxiety. Two independent reviewers included studies, assessed quality, and extracted data. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2.0 tool was applied to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. R 4.2.1 software and the “metafor” package were used to estimate the effect sizes based on mean and standard deviation of anxiety and depressive disorders at baseline and postintervention, and at postintervention and follow-up periods for both the treatment and control groups. Result: A total of 1,470 studies were reviewed, and 21 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed an overall standardized mean difference of −0.4806 [CI: −0.7185; −0.2428] and −0.3817 [CI: −0.5407; −0.2228] for reducing anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively indicating the effectiveness of MBCT. Comparison between postintervention and follow-up or follow-up measurement showed a small and nonsignificant effect size for depression (0.0130 [CI: −0.2109; 0.2369]) and anxiety (0.0198 [CI: −0.0660; 0.1057]), suggesting that recovered symptoms in the treatment group were maintained until the follow-up evaluation. Conclusion: MBCT produces long-term treatment effects in the management of both depressive and anxiety disorders. Protocol preregistration: The current meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and got registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023465494). © 2024 The Author(s).