Browsing by Author "Jay Prakash Verma"

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Advances and future prospects of pyrethroids: Toxicity and microbial degradation
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Saurabh Singh; Arpan Mukherjee; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira; Ram Prasad; Minaxi Sharma; Ramesh Chander Kuhad; Amritesh Chandra Shukla; Jay Prakash Verma
Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides structurally similar to that of natural pyrethrins. The application of pyrethrins in agriculture and pest control lead to many kinds of environmental pollution affecting human health and loss of soil microbial population that affect soil fertility and health. Natural pyrethrins have been used since ancient times as insect repellers, and their synthetic versions especially type 2 pyrethroids could be highly toxic to humans. PBO (Piperonyl butoxide) is known to enhance the toxicity of prallethrin in humans due to the resistance in its metabolic degradation. Pyrethroids are also known to cause plasma biochemical profile changes in humans and they also lead to the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species. Further they are also known to increase SGPT activity in humans. Due to the toxicity of pyrethrins in water bodies, soils, and food products, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable approaches to reduce their levels in the respective fields, which are eco-friendly, economically viable, and socially acceptable for on-site remediation. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to analyse the advances and prospects in using pyrethrins and possible technologies to control their harmful effects. The pyrethroid types, composition and biochemistry of necessary pyrethroid insecticides have been discussed in detail, in the research paper, along with their effect on insects and humans. It also covers the impact of pyrethroids on different plants and soil microbial flora. The second part deals with the microbial degradation of the pyrethroids through different modes, i.e., bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Many microbes such as Acremonium, Aspergillus, Microsphaeropsis, Westerdykella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus have been used in the individual form for the degradation of pyrethroids, while some of them such as Bacillus are even used in the form of consortia. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Alpinia officinarum
(Elsevier, 2020) Arpan Mukherjee; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Saurabh Singh; Koustav Chatterjee; Akhilesh Kumar; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Jay Prakash Verma
Alpinia officinarum Hance (galanga) is a perennial ginger family plant. Galanga has been traditionally used for many years to treat several different diseases including cold, pain, inflammation, stomach ache, and microbial infection, and it also works as an antioxidant and anticancer agent. Different parts of A. officinarum have been used either directly or by processing through different methods for treatment. Plant parts like rhizomes, leaves, aerial parts, and roots of galanga were extracted both in polar and nonpolar solvents to induce the disease control property. Flavonoid extract of this plant is more effective in all kinds of disease. This chapter summarizes the application of A. officinarum in curing different diseases from microbial infection to neural disease. Our main focus in this chapter is on the mechanism of galanga on curing Alzheimer disease. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
An analysis of bioenergy Plantations for the reclamation of degraded lands and their sustainability
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Saurabh Singh; Jay Prakash Verma
There are many different ways to use the word "restoration, " but it often refers to going back to something's initial state. It should be viewed as encompassing entire ecosystems in ecological restoration. It is important to keep in mind that there are restoration alternatives that can be more realistic, such as replacement or rehabilitation. Recently, land degradation problems have greatly come into the picture because of the increased anthropogenic activities. To ensure the land isn't wasted and utilized for meaningful purposes, it is important to restore the land using sustainable options. Bioenergy plantations with their wide range of adaptability and ability to grow in stressed conditions provide the option for the restoration of degraded lands. Natural restorative mechanisms offer many beneficial aspects which is why they should be used whenever and wherever possible. However, each of them may require a specific treatment plan because restoration is an ongoing process, and specifying success criteria can be challenging. Different bioenergy plantations such as Jatropha, miscanthus, and switchgrass can be used for such purposes. This chapter discusses land degradation, its causes and restoration using bioenergy plantations. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Anaerobic Biotechnology: A Useful Technique for Biofuel Production
(CRC Press, 2023) Saurabh Singh; Amit Kumar Mishra; Jay Prakash Verma; Shashi Arya; Vijay Nimkande
The increasing attention on the utilization of the lignocellulosic biomass for the production of alternative fuels seeks the exploration of new strategies. One such area that needs to be explored in detail is the anaerobic biotechnology for second-generation biofuel production. Technology development in second-generation biofuel production started long back in 1940s. The current estimate of biomass is more than 200 billion tonnes, sufficient to meet almost 13% of the world energy demands. The different types of biomasses range from forest residues to agricultural waste, which includes C3 as well as C4 plants. However, accounting for the efficiencies of C3 versus the C4 plants, the latter presents a straight 60% significant increase. Anaerobic bacteria have been widely used as tools for the production of bioproducts at the industrial level. Anaerobic treatment process offers a lot of advantages during the production of value-added products. For instance, anaerobic treatment utilizes almost 90% of the organic matter for the production of methane, remaining 10% or less converted to biomass, while requiring no further treatment for the sludge other than dewatering, as it is already well stabilized. In this chapter, the focus has been emphasized upon the recent advances in anaerobic treatment technologies for the production of biofuels. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Rena and Sunil Kumar; individual chapters, the contributors.
Bacterial community in biological soil crusts from a Brazilian semiarid region under desertification process
(University of Sao Paolo, 2024) José Israel Pinheiro; Paulo Furtado Mendes Filho; Kaio Gráculo Vieira Garcia; Jarlane Viana Moreira; Danilo Ferreira da Silva; Ademir Sérgio Ferreira de Araújo; Jay Prakash Verma; Vania Maria Maciel Melo; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira
Biological soil crusts (BSC) are commonly found in soils in the drylands regions, which can influence stabilization, water retention, nutrient cycling (particularly carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics), and several ecological processes. However, the composition of BSC in Brazilian soils undergoing the desertification process remains poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the bacterial community in BSC formed in a Brazilian semiarid region under the desertification process. Thus, a highly desertified region was selected from which 34 BSC samples were collected. The total DNA of the BSC was extracted from 0.5 g samples, and the bacterial community was sequenced by a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform (Miseq – Illumina®) using universal primers (515F and 806R). Bioinformatic analysis was carried out in QIIME (v.1.9), and the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) table was constructed following the Sumaclust methodology. The pH of BSC, C, N, and phosphorus contents was analyzed. Our study identified a diverse bacterial community in the BSCs. Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria phyla presented the greatest relative abundance (%) across the samples. Cyanobacteria were dominated by the orders Nostocales and Leptolyngbyales. The prediction of the putative functions found that mostf OTU were related to phototrophy, photosynthetic cyanobacteria, and photoautotrophy. The study found correlations between bacterial phyla and BSC properties, with Cyanobacteria positively related to C. Chloroflexi, Armatimonadetes, and WPS-2 were negatively correlated with C and N contents. These results suggest the critical roles bacteria communities play in BSCs from the Caatinga biome and highlight the potential impact of environmental factors on their diversity and functions. © 2024, University of Sao Paolo. All rights reserved.
Bio-fortification of minerals in crops: current scenario and future prospects for sustainable agriculture and human health
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Ram Krishna; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira; Avinash Bapurao Ade; Satya Prakash; Sunil Kumar Verma; Ram Prasad; Janardan Yadav; Jay Prakash Verma
Minerals are the key factor determining human beings’ optimum growth and development. The deficiencies of minerals and vitamins hinder the human normal growth and development and economic status. In the 21st century, macro and micronutrient deficiencies are significant challenges to improving the nutritional value of foods at the socio-economic level. Bio-fortification is a simple strategy to improve the nutritional value of the human diet. Several bio-fortification strategies, including traditional breeding, transgenic, agronomic, and modernized agriculture practices, were employed to biofortify crops to meet nutritional needs. However, these strategies are also lacking sustainability due to the specific crop species and micronutrients, provision of long-term monitoring and assistance, long term high cost of special chemical fertilizers, losses of crop yield due to chemical fertilizers-induced alterations of plant metabolism, environmental and health impact originating from incorporation new minerals elements like Se and Cu. Therefore, microbial bio-fortification can promote human health and agriculture sustainability. This review highlights; the phyto-availability of micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca, Se, I, & Cu) for human diets; availability of micronutrients value in a stable in the edible part of plants; plant uptakes of micronutrients from the soil system; & strategies of crops fortification and its importance. At present, microbial bio-fortification should be emphasized by exploring the macro and micronutrients regulatory mechanisms through plant-microbe interaction with specific soil systems and climate change. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Biogenic factors explain soil carbon in paired urban and natural ecosystems worldwide
(Nature Research, 2023) Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo; Pablo García-Palacios; Mark A. Bradford; David J. Eldridge; Miguel Berdugo; Tadeo Sáez-Sandino; Yu-Rong Liu; Fernando Alfaro; Sebastian Abades; Adebola R. Bamigboye; Felipe Bastida; José L. Blanco-Pastor; Jorge Duran; Juan J. Gaitan; Javier G. Illán; Tine Grebenc; Thulani P. Makhalanyane; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Tina U. Nahberger; Gabriel F. Peñaloza-Bojacá; Ana Rey; Alexandra Rodríguez; Christina Siebe; Alberto L. Teixido; Wei Sun; Pankaj Trivedi; Jay Prakash Verma; Ling Wang; Jianyong Wang; Tianxue Yang; Eli Zaady; Xiaobing Zhou; Xin-Quan Zhou; César Plaza
Urban greenspaces support multiple nature-based services, many of which depend on the amount of soil carbon (C). Yet, the environmental drivers of soil C and its sensitivity to warming are still poorly understood globally. Here we use soil samples from 56 paired urban greenspaces and natural ecosystems worldwide and combine soil C concentration and size fractionation measures with metagenomics and warming incubations. We show that surface soils in urban and natural ecosystems sustain similar C concentrations that follow comparable negative relationships with temperature. Plant productivity’s contribution to explaining soil C was higher in natural ecosystems, while in urban ecosystems, the soil microbial biomass had the greatest explanatory power. Moreover, the soil microbiome supported a faster C mineralization rate with experimental warming in urban greenspaces compared with natural ecosystems. Consequently, urban management strategies should consider the soil microbiome to maintain soil C and related ecosystem services. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Biotechnological Interventions in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) for Drought Stress Tolerance: Achievements and Future Prospects
(MDPI, 2022) Ram Krishna; Waquar Akhter Ansari; P.S. Soumia; Akhilesh Yadav; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Sudhir Kumar; Achuit Kumar Singh; Major Singh; Jay Prakash Verma
Tomato production is severely affected by abiotic stresses (drought, flood, heat, and salt) and causes approximately 70% loss in yield depending on severity and duration of the stress. Drought is the most destructive abiotic stress and tomato is very sensitive to the drought stress, as cultivated tomato lack novel gene(s) for drought stress tolerance. Only 20% of agricultural land worldwide is irrigated, and only 14.51% of that is well-irrigated, while the rest is rain fed. This scenario makes drought very frequent, which restricts the genetically predetermined yield. Primarily, drought disturbs tomato plant physiology by altering plant–water relation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Many wild tomato species have drought tolerance gene(s); however, their exploitation is very difficult because of high genetic distance and pre- and post-transcriptional barriers for embryo development. To overcome these issues, biotechnological methods, including transgenic technology and CRISPR-Cas, are used to enhance drought tolerance in tomato. Transgenic technology permitted the exploitation of non-host gene/s. On the other hand, CRISPR-Cas9 technology facilitated the editing of host tomato gene(s) for drought stress tolerance. The present review provides updated information on biotechnological intervention in tomato for drought stress management and sustainable agriculture. © 2022 by the authors.
Challenges and Opportunities Associated with Second-Generation Biofuel
(CRC Press, 2023) Saurabh Singh; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Akhilesh Kumar; Jay Prakash Verma
Second-generation biofuel production is a necessary process in a way to get rid of the agricultural waste produced on farmlands. The more the agriculture waste is produced, the more it becomes necessary for it to be disposed off in a suitable manner, else it will lead to air pollution resulting from its indiscriminate burning and other modes of improper disposal. But the currently the existing technologies face challenges either with respect to sustainability or with respect to technology. The thermochemical conversions emit higher GHG emissions and therefore isn't an option worth considering when sustainability measures are taken into account. Whereas the biochemical conversions lack efficiency at many steps, lignin removal from the biomass for easing the conversion of the cellulosic and hemicellulosic material into simpler sugars, feedback inhibition at the hydrolysis step by the cellobiose formed, and lastly at the fermentation step if some of the products are acidic in the preceding step. Further, the use of mesophilic enzymes for the conversion of biomass into simpler sugars brings many factors in one frame, i.e., the chances of potential contamination from the surrounding environment is very high; efficiency wise it is less stable at higher temperatures, which is usually required for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Thermophilic microbes seem to be a viable option for all such biochemical challenges put in frame by mesophilic microbes. The thermophilic microbes not only defer the chances of ambient environmental contamination but also lead to the enhancement in the rate of reaction during hydrolysis. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Rena and Sunil Kumar; individual chapters, the contributors.
Characterization and screening of thermophilic Bacillus strains for developing plant growth promoting consortium from hot spring of Leh and Ladakh region of India
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2018) Jay Prakash Verma; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Ram Krishna; Satya Prakash; Janardan Yadav; Vijai Singh
In the present investigation, the main aim is to identify and characterize the potential drought tolerant plant growth promoting consortium for agricultural productivity. Three bacterial isolates were isolated from hot spring of Chumathang area of Leh district. Bacillus species (BHUJP-H1, BHUJP-H2, and BHUJP-H3) were done some biochemical tests including catalase, cellulase, amylase, indole-3-acetic acid, phosphate solubilisation, production of ammonia, siderophore, and hydrogen cyanide. Molecular characterization of isolates was done by 16S rDNA sequencing, e.g., Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1 (KU312403), Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2 (KU312404) and B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 (KU312405). The genetic diversity of the isolates was assessed by seven inter simple sequence repeat, all primer shows high polymorphism. The highest polymorphism efficiency and polymorphism information content showed by UBC-809 and UBC-836 which were 100% and 0.44 respectively, the lowest is by UBC-807 75% and 0.28 respectively. On an average 90.69% polymorphism efficiency and 0.40 polymorphism information contents obtained by used markers. The highest, 11.08 and the lowest, 4.50 effective multiplex ratios obtained for primer UBC-823 and UBC-807, on an average 7.99 effective multiplex ratio obtained. The highest, 4.89 and the lowest, 1.25 marker indexes obtained by UBC-836 and UBC-807 respectively and on an average 3.24 obtained. The UPGMA cluster analysis divided a population into two clusters I and II, in which BHUJP-H1 and BHUJP-H2 grouped under same while BHUJP-H3 grouped under another cluster. The treatment combination of Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1, B. subtilis BHUJP-H1+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 and B. subtilis BHUJP-H1+ Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 were recorded better combination for enhancing plant growth attributes of Vigna radiata as compared to control and others. The plant growth promoting consortium, e.g., Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1, Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 and B. subtilis BHUJP-H1+ Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 can be further used as effective microbial inoculant for enhancing the production of mungbean in field conditions. Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H1 and Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2 may use as drought tolerant plant growth promoting consortium for enhancing the sustainable agricultural productivity. © 2018 Verma, Jaiswal, Krishna, Prakash, Yadav and Singh.
Chickpea seed endophyte Enterobacter sp. mediated yield and nutritional enrichment of chickpea for improving human and livestock health
(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Arpan Mukherjee; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Saurabh Singh; Ankita Sarkar; Saman Abeysinghe; Jay Prakash Verma
Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) are used as a good source of proteins and energy in the diets of various organisms including humans and animals. Chickpea straws can serve as an alternative option for forage for different ruminants. This research mainly focussed on screening the effects of adding beneficial chickpea seed endophytes on increasing the nutritional properties of the different edible parts of chickpea plants. Two efficient chickpea seed endophytes (Enterobacter sp. strain BHUJPCS-2 and BHUJPCS-8) were selected and applied to the chickpea seeds before sowing in the experiment conducted on clay pots. Chickpea seeds treated with both endophytes showed improved plant growth and biomass accumulation. Notably, improvements in the uptake of mineral nutrients were found in the foliage, pericarp, and seed of the chickpea plants. Additionally, nutritional properties such as total phenolics (0.47, 0.25, and 0.55 folds), total protein (0.04, 0.21, and 0.18 folds), carbohydrate content (0.31, 0.32, and 0.31 folds), and total flavonoid content (0.45, 027, and 0.8 folds) were increased in different parts (foliage, pericarp, and seed) of the chickpea plants compared to the control plants. The seed endophyte-treated plants showed a significant increase in mineral accumulation and improvement in nutrition in the different edible parts of chickpea plants. The results showed that the seed endophyte-mediated increase in dietary and nutrient value of the different parts (pericarp, foliage, and seeds) of chickpea are consumed by humans, whereas the other parts (pericarp and foliage) are used as alternative options for forage and chaff in livestock diets and may have direct effects on their nutritional conditions. Copyright © 2024 Mukherjee, Gaurav, Chouhan, Singh, Sarkar, Abeysinghe and Verma.
Co-overexpression of AtDREB1A and BcZAT12 increases drought tolerance and fruit production in double transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Ram Krishna; Waquar Akhter Ansari; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Achuit Kumar Singh; Jay Prakash Verma; Major Singh
Drought is the major problem in agricultural production due to loss of moisture content in soil as well as climate variations. Our main aim is to enhance drought tolerance and yield potential in the present study pyramided Arabidopsis thaliana Dehydration Responsive Element Binding1A (AtDREB1A) and Brasica caranata Zinc finger proteins (BcZAT12) transcription factor genes driven by ectopic promoter rd29 A of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica carinata lea1, respectively. Co-overexpression of both the genes provides tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses but the AtDREB1A overexpression has been reported to cause retarded growth and dwarf phenotype; however BcZAT12 overexpressing transgenic plants does not show retarded growth and dwarf phenotype. Co-overexpressing of AtDREB1A and BcZAT12 in five (DZ1-DZ5) double transgenic (DT) tomato lines has been observed under 0, 07, 14 and 21 Days of Water Deficit (DWD). The DT plants showed enhanced drought tolerance and yield potential than single transgenic (ST) and non transgenic (NT) plants. Furthermore, AtDREB1A and BcZAT12 co-overexpressed plants showed reduced level of electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide and membrane lipid peroxidation and elevated level of relative water content (RWC), proline, chlorophyll color index (CCI) and photosynthetic efficiency as compared to ST and NT. The plant growth and yield attributes were improved by the co-overexpression of AtDREB1A and BcZAT12 in DT plants. The transcript analysis showed the increased level of DREB1A, ZAT12 and P5CS genes expression which were higher in DT tomato plants, and indicate that both the genes induce together in the DT plants. The present study which is first report of co-overexpressing AtDREB1A and BcZAT12 in tomato will provide a base for genetic engineering in plants through the multigenic transgenic approach to cope against various biotic and abiotic stresses. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production: Recent advances and future prospects
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Saurabh Singh; Akhilesh Kumar; Nallusamy Sivakumar; Jay Prakash Verma
The total annual emission due to fossil fuel and agro waste stubble burning is 36.73 teragrams CO2 equivalent. Many international organizations focus on alternative energy sources such as biofuel production. In the recent past, biofuel production has gathered pace and increased dramatically, with the USA and Brazil topping the list for bioethanol production. Recent advancements in pre-treatment technologies include the use of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. In this review, many recent advancements on pre-treatment technology of biomass have been discussed. This review also emphasizes on the recent advancements made in the field of saccharification technology. Bioethanol production from cellulosic biomass is facilitated by a complex set of enzymes mainly endoglucanase, exoglucanase and ß-glucosidase apart from other auxillary enzymes and accessory protiens. In this review, multiple approaches have been explored which enhance biofuel production such as developing cellulose degrading microbial consortia and genetically modified microbes. This study also highlights the importance of bioethanol production with reference to climate change concerns, advances in technologies and future perspectives. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Developing eco-friendly endophytic bioinoculants for enhancing productivity and soil fertility in wheat
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Arpan Mukherjee; Saurabh Singh; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Babita Kumari; Jay Prakash Verma
The main aim of this study was to explore the potential role of wheat endophytic bacteria on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production and soil health management under pot and field trials. Seven plant growth-promoting putative endophytes were isolated from different wheat plant parts (root, shoot, leaf, and seed). We selected two effective bacterial strains, Pseudomonas sp. BHUJPV-WRO5 (from the “Pseudomonas koreensis” subgroup) originating from the root and Staphylococcus sp. BHUJPV-WLE7 isolated from leaf, based on plant growth-promoting traits like indole-3-acetic acid, ammonia, siderophore production, and phosphate solubilization. We conducted pot and field experiments with treatments T1 (uninoculated), T2 (Pseudomonas sp.), and T3 (Staphylococcus sp.). In pots, grain yield was higher with Pseudomonas sp. or S. xylosus than in the control. Similarly, grain yield in the field was increased with Pseudomonas sp. BHUJPV-WRO5 or Staphylococcus sp. BHUJPV-WLE7 compared with control. Pseudomonas sp. BHUJPV-WRO5 also resulted in higher soil electrical conductivity (both pot and field), total organic carbon (in field), soil contents in available N, P, and K (in pot and field), and potential activity in soil of alkaline phosphatase (pot and field), dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase (in pot). The effects of Staphylococcus sp. BHUJPV-WLE7 were smaller, with however, higher soil levels for electrical conductivity (in pot), total organic carbon (in field), available P (in pot and field), and higher potential activity of alkaline phosphatase (in pot) than control. Overall, the putative wheat endophytes effectively enhanced plant growth, crop productivity, and soil quality, and Pseudomonas stain is promising as a bio-inoculant for sustainable wheat production. © 2023 The Authors. Agronomy Journal © 2023 American Society of Agronomy.
Developing efficient thermophilic cellulose degrading consortium for glucose production from different agro-residues
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019) Saurabh Singh; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Nallusamy Sivakumar; Jay Prakash Verma
In the present study, 11 cellulose degrading bacterial strains were isolated from water and soil samples of hot springs in the Chumathang village, Leh and Ladakh region, India. The isolated strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus aryabhattai, Bacillus stratosphericus, Bacillus altitudinis, and Brevibacterium frigoritolerans by biochemical and molecular approaches. All the strains were evaluated for the total cellulase, endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. On the basis of overall individual cellulose degrading enzyme activities, three strains were selected to develop consortium to enhance their cellulase enzyme activities. The potent cellulose degraders B. stratosphericus BHUJPV-H5, B. subtilis BHUJPV-H19, and B. subtilis BHUJPV-H12 were selected for the consortium development. The effect of cellulase activities of bacterial strains were evaluated ranged up to 6.06 and 0.72mg ml-1 glucose by agro-residues of sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw, respectively, after 1 h of incubation. Total cellulase enzyme activity of consortia was recorded two times higher than the individual organisms. These strains can be used for enhancing bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, which can consequently boost biofuel production industry. © 2019 Singh, Jaiswal, Sivakumar and Verma.
Development of indigenous microbial consortium for biocontrol management
(Elsevier, 2020) Arpan Mukherjee; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Jay Prakash Verma
Excessive use of chemicals as fertilizer in agriculture to induce crop production in recent year is a potent agent of environment pollution and a serious threat to health. A lot of alternative sources (biofertilizers, biopesticides, INM, IPM, PGPR/PGPM, vermicompost, green manuring, and crop rotation) are now available to minimize the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. Different soil microbes have potential ability to improve the productivity and nutritional quality as well as soil fertility and health. To date, many reports are available on single or dual consortium of microbes used as biofertilizers and biopesticides for enhancing crop production. Most recently, phytomicrobiome studies are offering further insights into alternative use of biological intervention for enhancing agricultural production. Under this approaches the whole microbiome community is considered for multiple application for survival of plant under both normal and stress condition. That may be culturable and nonculturable microbes. Culturable microbes are able to enhance the plant growth via either direct or indirect mechanism including biological nitrogen fixation, solubilization of inorganic nutrient, production of phytohormones, siderophore, HCN, chitinase, and antibiotics and help to induce systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against a wide group of plant pathogen to protect the plant. If microbial isolate exhibiting different properties are mixed together, it is possible that they enhance each other’s property. The use of such consortia in field inoculation has great potential to facilitate crop protection and enhance yield. Because single microbes can’t play different roles that help the crops for their growth and protection too, so we need a potential consortium for better yield and growth. Therefore the main aim of this chapter is to review and highlight the impact of microbial consortium for biocontrol management of plants. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Development of Microbial Consortia for Growth Attributes and Protein Content in Micropropagated Bacopa monnieri (L.)
(Springer India, 2018) Jay Prakash Verma; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Janardan Yadav; Awadhesh Kumar Mishra
The study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of microbial consortia for growth attributes and protein content of micropropagated plants of Bacopa monnieri. Five microbial strains e.g., Pseudomonas sp. BHUPSB04, Pseudomonas sp. BHUPSB06, Burkholderia sp. BHUPSB03, Bacillus sp. BHUPSB13 and Paenibacillus sp. BHUPSB16 were isolated and characterised on the basis of biochemical and molecular characters. Burkholderia sp. BHUPSB03 was screened as an effective and significant for phosphate solubilisation, production of indole-3-acetic acid, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide and siderophores. Hydrogen cyanide was produced by other strains namely Bacillus sp. BHUPSB13, Paenibacillus sp. BHUPSB16 and Pseudomonas sp. BHUPSB04. Higher indole-3-acetic acid production was recorded with Burkholderia sp. BHUPSB03 followed by Bacillus sp. BHUPSB13, Pseudomonas sp. BHUPSB04 and Pseudomonas sp. BHUPSB06 as compared to A. Brasilense and T. harzianum. Tetra inoculation of microbial consortia Azospirillum + Pseudomonas sp. BHUPSB06 + Trichoderma + Burkholderia sp. BHUPSB03 showed maximum growth attributes like shoot length, number of branching, dry weight and protein content in micropropagated plants of B. monnieri followed by tri-inoculation of A. brasilense + Pseudomonas sp. BHUPSB06 with Burkholderia sp. BHUPSB03/Pseudomonas sp. BHUPSB04/Paenibacillus sp. BHUPSB16/Bacillus sp. BHUPSB13 as compared to control and other treatments. Therefore, tetra and tri inoculations may be used as most efficient microbial consortia for enhancing the growth attributes and protein content in shoots of B. monnieri. © 2016, The National Academy of Sciences, India.
Does a rhizospheric microorganism enhance K+ availability in agricultural soils?
(Urban und Fischer Verlag Jena, 2014) Vijay Singh Meena; B.R. Maurya; Jay Prakash Verma
The potassium solubilizing microorganisms (KSMs) are a rhizospheric microorganism which solubilizes the insoluble potassium (K) to soluble forms of K for plant growth and yield. K-solubilization is carried out by a large number of saprophytic bacteria (Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus edaphicus, Bacillus circulans, Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans, Paenibacillus spp.) and fungal strains (Aspergillus spp. and Aspergillus terreus). Major amounts of K containing minerals (muscovite, orthoclase, biotite, feldspar, illite, mica) are present in the soil as a fixed form which is not directly taken up by the plant. Nowadays most of the farmers use injudicious application of chemical fertilizers for achieving maximum productivity. However, the KSMs are most important microorganisms for solubilizing of fixed form of K in soil system. The KSMs are an indigenous rhizospheric microorganism which shows effective interaction between soil and plant systems. The main mechanism of KSMs is acidolysis, chelation, exchange reactions, complexolysis and production of organic acid. According to literature, currently negligible use of potassium fertilizer as a chemical form has been recorded in agriculture for enhancing crop yield. Most of the farmers use only nitrogen and phosphorus and not use the K fertilizer due to unawareness so that the problem of K deficiency occurs in rhizospheric soils. The K fertilizer is also costly as compared to other chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the efficient KSMs should be applied for solubilization of a fixed form of K to an available form of K in the soils. This available K can be easily taken up by the plant for growth and development. Our aim of this review is to elaborate on the studies of indigenous K-solubilizing microbes to develop efficient microbial consortia for solubilization of K in soil which enhances the plant growth and yield of crops. This review highlights the future need for research on potassium (K) in agriculture. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.
Does plant—Microbe interaction confer stress tolerance in plants: A review?
(Elsevier GmbH, 2018) Akhilesh Kumar; Jay Prakash Verma
The biotic and abiotic stresses are major constraints for crop yield, food quality and global food security. A number of parameters such as physiological, biochemical, molecular of plants are affected under stress condition. Since the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture practices cause degradation of soil fertility and environmental pollutions. Hence it is necessary to develop safer and sustainable means for agriculture production. The application of plant growth promoting microbes (PGPM) and mycorrhizal fungi enhance plant growth, under such conditions. It offers an economically fascinating and ecologically sound ways for protecting plants against stress condition. PGPM may promote plant growth by regulating plant hormones, improve nutrition acquisition, siderophore production and enhance the antioxidant system. While acquired systemic resistance (ASR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) effectively deal with biotic stress. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) enhance the supply of nutrients and water during stress condition and increase tolerance to stress. This plant-microbe interaction is vital for sustainable agriculture and industrial purpose, because it depends on biological processes and replaces conventional agriculture practices. Therefore, microbes may play a key role as an ecological engineer to solve environmental stress problems. So, it is a feasible and potential technology in future to feed global population at available resources with reduced impact on environmental quality. In this review, we have attempted to explore about abiotic and biotic stress tolerant beneficial microorganisms and their modes of action to enhance the sustainable agricultural production. © 2017
Draft genome sequence of cellulose-degrading Bacillus stercoris BHUJPV-SS7 isolated from soil mixed with wood powder
(American Society for Microbiology, 2024) Saurabh Singh; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira; Thierry A. Pellegrinetti; Jay Prakash Verma
We report a complete genome of Bacillus stercoris BHUJPV-SS7 isolated from soil which contains 4,299 predicted genes and 4,012 predicted protein-coding genes within its chromosome (4,115,399 bp), and has 43.51% G + C content and a predicted beta-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) gene. © 2024 Singh et al.