Browsing by Author "Jay Shankar Singh"

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Effect of fluorescent Pseudomonas on plant growth promotion of Aloe vera
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Anuradha Rai; Vaibhav Kumar Singh; Naveen Kumar Sharma; Jay Shankar Singh; Vinod Kumar Singh; Brahma Swaroop Dwivedi; Pradeep Kumar Rai
Modern agriculture practices heavily depend on the application of chemical fertilizers and continuous application disturbs the soil quality and health. Fluorescent Pseudomonas are the well characterized group of bacteria proficient in plant growth promotion and have excellent phosphate solubilizing abilities and solubilize insoluble phosphate to plants available form via secretion of organic acids. This study focused on the phosphate solubilization ability of Pseudomonas, arouse of Aloin-A molecule, gluconic acid production, as well as biometric parameters of key medicinal plant, the Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis). Two strains (P. putida and Pseudomonas sp.) were found very effective PSBs and solubilized 236.73 and 153.73 mg L−1 phosphate, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) showed the production of gluconic acid (GA). P. putida and P. sp. produced 23970 ± 231 and 21538 ± 129 mg L−1 GA, respectively. Inoculation of the plants with consortium of P. putida and Pseudomonas sp. enhanced the plant growth, soil available P and phosphate uptake in plants than individual inoculation. An increase in aloin-A content (18.15 and 28.71 fold) was recorded in A. barbadensis treated with a PSB consortium in a soil amended without and with TCP (tricalcium phosphate), respectively. P-uptake ultimately enhances the aloin-A synthesis and biomass of plant. Therefore, agronomic attributes of Aloe vera plants can be improved for used as a medicinal plant through application of potent Fluorescent Pseudomonas. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Genetically engineered bacteria: An emerging tool for environmental remediation and future research perspectives
(2011) Jay Shankar Singh; P.C. Abhilash; H.B. Singh; Rana P. Singh; D.P. Singh
This minireview explores the environmental bioremediation mediated by genetically engineered (GE) bacteria and it also highlights the limitations and challenges associated with the release of engineered bacteria in field conditions. Application of GE bacteria based remediation of various heavy metal pollutants is in the forefront due to eco-friendly and lesser health hazards compared to physico-chemical based strategies, which are less eco-friendly and hazardous to human health. A combination of microbiological and ecological knowledge, biochemical mechanisms and field engineering designs would be an essential element for successful in situ bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites using engineered bacteria. Critical research questions pertaining to the development and implementation of GE bacteria for enhanced bioremediation have been identified and poised for possible future research. Genetic engineering of indigenous microflora, well adapted to local environmental conditions, may offer more efficient bioremediation of contaminated sites and making the bioremediation more viable and eco-friendly technology. However, many challenges are to be addressed concerning the release of genetically engineered bacteria in field conditions. There are possible risks associated with the use of GE bacteria in field condition, with particular emphasis on ways in which molecular genetics could contribute to the risk mitigation. Both environmental as well as public health concerns need to be addressed by the molecular biologists. Although bioremediation of heavy metals by using the genetically engineered bacteria has been extensively reviewed in the past also, but the bio-safety assessment and factors of genetic pollution have been never the less ignored. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Land use change: A key ecological disturbance declines soil microbial biomass in dry tropical uplands
(Academic Press, 2019) Shashank Tiwari; Chhatarpal Singh; Siddharth Boudh; Pradeep Kumar Rai; Vijai Kumar Gupta; Jay Shankar Singh
Land use changes such as transformation of natural landscapes, forest degradation and increase in croplands due to human activities are considered amongst the most influential ecological disturbances affecting soil, ecosystems and environmental sustainability. The previous works from India are limited to show that soil disturbances influence abiotic and biotic factors along a rural–urban gradient. However, variations in soil microbial biomass (SMB)–C, –N and –P quantity due to land use changes at different soil depths across different land use types remain poorly understood on comparative ground. We investigated the impact of land use types on soil properties and SMB –C, –N and –P levels across different soil depths (0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm)in dry tropical uplands. Four land use types/covers (natural forest, mixed forest, savanna and agriculture land)were selected. The present study is based on two hypotheses: i)different land use types affect SMB levels in top surface soil (0–10 cm), but have less effects in deeper soil profiles (20–30 cm); and ii)SMB levels in top surface soil are highest in natural forest, followed by mixed forest and then savanna and agriculture lands. ANOVA showed significant differences in SMB values due to land use covers (P < 0.001), soil depths (P < 0.001)and land use types × soil depths interaction (P < 0.001). Although, there had no effect of land use types on SMB levels in deeper soil profiles (20–30 cm)but soil parameters (soil pH, soil moisture, soil temperature, total-N, C/N ratio and organic-C)significantly affect SMB levels in top surface (0–10 cm)soil. The study suggests that SMB may be considered as a key indicator of soil fertility index, while land use practices are a major cause for loss of microbial community composition/biomass in dry tropical upland soil. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Microbes in Land Use Change Management
(Elsevier, 2021) Jay Shankar Singh; Shashank Tiwari; Chhatarpal Singh; Anil Kumar Singh
Microbes in Land Use Change Management details the various roles of microbial resources in management of land uses and how the microbes can be used for the source of income due to their cultivation for the purpose of biomass and bioenergy production. Using various techniques, the disturbed and marginal lands may also be restored eco-friendly in present era to fulfil the feeding needs of mankind around the globe. Microbes in Land Use Change Management provides standard and up to date information towards the land use change management using various microbial technologies to enhance the productivity of agriculture. Needless to say that Microbes in Land Use Change Management also considers the areas including generation of alternative energy sources, restoration of degraded and marginal lands, mitigation of global warming gases and next generation -omics technique etc. Land use change affects environment conditions and soil microbial community. Microbial population and its species diversity have influence in maintaining ecosystem balance. The study of changes of microbial population provides an idea about the variation occurring in a specific area and possibilities of restoration. Meant for a multidisciplinary audience Microbes in Land Use Change Management shows the need of next-generation omics technologies to explore microbial diversity. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production by the cyanobacterium scytonema geitleri bharadwaja under varying environmental conditions
(MDPI AG, 2019) Manoj K. Singh; Pradeep K. Rai; Anuradha Rai; Surendra Singh; Jay Shankar Singh
The production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) under varying environmental conditions (pH, temperature and carbon sources) was examined in the cyanobacterium Scytonema geitleri Bharadwaja isolated from the roof-top of a building. The S. geitleri produced PHB and the production of PHB was linear with the growth of cyanobacterium. The maximum PHB production (7.12% of dry cell weight) was recorded when the cells of S. geitleri were at their stationary growth phase. The production of PHB was optimum at pH 8.5 and 30 °C, and acetate (30 mM) was the preferred carbon source. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Preface
(Elsevier, 2021) Jay Shankar Singh; Shashank Tiwari; Chhatarpal Singh; Anil Kumar Singh
[No abstract available]
Study of Phosphate Solubilizing Fluorescent Pseudomonas Recovered from Rhizosphere and Endorhizosphere of Aloe barbadensis (L.)
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Anuradha Rai; Naveen Kumar Sharma; Vinod Kumar Singh; Brahma Swaroop Dwivedi; Jay Shankar Singh; Pradeep Kumar Rai
Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient required by plants for their growth and development. A large part of applied phosphatic fertilizer becomes unavailable due to its fixation in soil. In rhizosphere, fluorescent Pseudomonads are instrumental in phosphate solubilization. We isolated Pseudomonads from the rhizosphere of Aloe barbadensis (L.), and screened them for their plant growth promoting ability such as - solubilization of phosphate, auxin production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. A total of 307 fluorescent Pseudomonas were isolated and screened, of which, 24 isolates showed a strong phosphate solubilizing ability, ranging from 69.71 to 236.73 µg ml−1. The Indole acetic acid (IAA) production by all 24 isolates varied from 28.44 to 151.99 µg ml−1. However, 17 isolates produced ACC-deaminase ranging from 8.19 to 10.27 µmol mg−1 h−1. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene and Pseudomonas-specific genes grouped the isolates in seven different species of fluorescent Pseudomonas. Genotypic analysis based on 16S rDNA-RFLP using restriction enzymes (HaeIII, AluI and MspI) and BOX-PCR generated unique genotype specific pattern. The results suggested that Pseudomonas diversity has no association with microenvironments and the sampling site of the plants. 16S rRNA gene-based diversity indices revealed great diversity among the fluorescent Pseudomonas recovered from the rhizospheric regions of the Aloe. Due to the above plant growth-promoting traits, fluorescent Pseudomonas can be exploited as bio-inoculants for crops, with minimal damage to the environment. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Use of biowaste to ameliorate chromium-contaminated soils to improve crop productivity
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Anuradha Rai; Naveen Kumar Sharma; Vinod Kumar Singh; Ashish Rai; Vipin Kumar; Abhinav Kumar; Jay Shankar Singh; Sanjay Kudesia; Pradeep Kumar Rai
Increasing discharge of untreated industrial effluents has led to high metal loads in different environments. In the recent past Chromium (Cr) has emerged as a severe pollution to soil and aquatic ecosystems. Its global average load in soil is 54 ppm. Chromium has deleterious effects on crops and the subsequent food chain. If ingested, hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is highly carcinogenic to faunal health. Here, we investigate the use of biowaste on chromium-contaminated soils to promote phytostabilization and overall improvement in crop productivity via decreased solubilization, restricted leaching, higher bioavailability of micronutrients, along with the efficient recycling of waste from the environment. Biowaste amendments facilitate complex processes such as stable compound formation after reacting to organic ligands, precipitation on surfaces, and ion exchange phenomenon; to improve fertility, physical health, and microbial activity in soil. The resulting improved soil quality promotes resettlement of vegetation and better plant growth and development. The potency of different biowastes to immobilize the hazardous metal(loid)s depends on their chemical nature, the extent of their degradation by microbes, their reaction in specific soil-type and concerned metal(loid)s. We need to develop different bio-remedial strategies to curtail the Cr-phytotoxicity, and ensure sustainable crop productivity. © 2024 The Authors
Variations in soil N-mineralization and nitrification in seasonally dry tropical forest and savanna ecosystems in Vindhyan region, India
(2007) Jay Shankar Singh; Ajai Kumar Kashyap
N-mineralization and nitrification rates were studied, during May 1996 to June 1997, at six sites in Vindhyan region (four forest and two savanna sites) differing in terms of dominant vegetation, nutrient status, topography and soil moisture regime. During an annual cycle the maximum N-mineralization and nitrification rates were recorded in rainy season and minimum in summer season in all study sites. The annual N-mineralization and nitrification rates were highest at Hathinala forest moist site having maximum moisture content, organic-C, N and water holding capacity of soil than other study sites. N-mineralization and nitrification rates differ significantly across the sites and seasons. These rates were significantly correlated with soil moisture and mineral-N contents. The result suggested that variations in rates of N-mineralization and nitrification in the studied dry tropical ecosystems are related to differences in soil moisture content, nutrient status and vegetational cover in combination with other environmental factors. © International Society for Tropical Ecology.