Browsing by Author "Jeetu Narware"

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An insight into the biodiversity and biotechnology of Fusarium species
(Elsevier, 2025) Jeetu Narware; Prachi Singh; Pitambara; Shraddha Bhaskar Sawant; Devanshu Dev; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Fusarium species is one of the major fungi that poses challenges for food and nutritional security, as this fungus can able to cause up to 100% crop loss in many crop plants. Fusarium spp. have a wide host range and can produce a variety of symptoms in their hosts, including rot, canker, blights, and wilt. Because of the great biodiversity of the fungal species and its being soil-borne in nature, it can be linked to a variety of soil types and disseminated worldwide. Managing the fungus can be extremely challenging, leading to significant crop losses and financial losses. The fungus can survive for several years with the formation of chlamydospores or perennating structures in the soil and seeds. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the distribution and diversity of this fungus in order to comprehend its nature and mechanism. Fusarium spp. are ubiquitous, have different ecological niches, and are soil-borne, which makes it difficult to study and manage the fungus. In light of these difficulties, Fusarium poses problems; hence, biotechnology interventions are vital for precise and timely identification and diagnosis of the fungus as well as for pathogen management. Plant pathologists have used a variety of biotechnological tools, including RNA interference (RNAi), HIGS, VIGS, genome analysis, and sequencing techniques, to better comprehend nature and biodiversity. The fungus Fusarium is worth studying in detail and gathering as much information as possible for the scientific community to better manage the diseases produced by these species due to their expanding host range and geographical presence. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Biogenic synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of synthesized nanoparticles against the pathogenic fungus Alternaria solani
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Jeetu Narware; Satyendra P. Singh; Nazia Manzar; Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap
In the present study, Trichoderma harzianum culture filtrate (CF) was used as a reducing and capping agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a quick, simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly manner. The effects of different ratios (silver nitrate (AgNO3): CF), pH, and incubation time on the synthesis of Ag NPs were also examined. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra of the synthesized Ag NPs showed a distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 420 nm. Spherical and monodisperse NPs were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Elemental silver (Ag) was identified in the Ag area peak indicated by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The crystallinity of Ag NPs was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to examine the functional groups present in the CF. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed an average size (43.68 nm), which was reported to be stable for 4 months. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to confirm surface morphology. We also investigated the in vitro antifungal efficacy of biosynthesized Ag NPs against Alternaria solani, which demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. Additionally, microscopic investigation revealed that Ag NP-treated mycelia exhibited defects and collapsed. Apart from this investigation, Ag NPs were also tested in an epiphytic environment against A. solani. Ag NPs were found to be capable of managing early blight disease based on field trial findings. The maximum percentage of early blight disease inhibition by NPs was observed at 40 parts per million (ppm) (60.27%), followed by 20 ppm (58.68%), whereas in the case of the fungicide mancozeb (1,000 ppm), the inhibition was recorded at 61.54%. Copyright © 2023 Narware, Singh, Manzar and Kashyap.
Breaking Barriers of Conventional Disease Protection: Impact of Nanopathology
(wiley, 2025) Puja Kumari; Sawant Shraddha Bhaskar; Jeetu Narware; Abhijeet Ghatak
Plant pathogens are major limiting factors for yield loss across the globe. The management practices adopted for the management of plant diseases are not as effective as needed. Not only this, the intensive use of chemical pesticides leads to severe hazardous effects on humans, animals, plants, and the environment. Therefore, for the sake of food security and health, it is needed to search for some better alternatives. In this regard, nanopathology emerges as a boon for all these problems. The use of nanotechnology for detection and diagnosis enables the timely identification of disease before its severe form, allowing for on-time application of management practices that prevent economic losses. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be directly applied to the plants infected by pathogens due to their antimicrobial nature, which serves as a better alternative to fungicides. NPs can also be used as carriers for the application of fertilizers and other macro and micro nutrients.This decreases the chances of nutrient loss after application and increases the surface area and absorption rate, allowing plants to effectively absorb the nutrients and utilize them for their growth. Nanosensors developed by the use of nanotechnology and biotechnology lead to the early detection of biotic and abiotic stress in plants and soil. The installation of nanosensors in the field and their connection to GPS leads to the timely identification of stress, which falls under precision agriculture. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Enhancing tomato growth and early blight disease resistance through green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: Insights into plant physiology
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Jeetu Narware; Satyendra P. Singh; Jharjhari chakma; Prashant Ranjan; Lopamudra Behera; Parimal Das; Nazia Manzar; Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a globally significant crop, but its cultivation is challenged by the devastating Early Blight disease caused by Alternaria solani, leading to substantial yield losses. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as potential antifungal agents, garnering increasing attention. In this study, we investigated the impact of biogenic AgNPs on tomato plant defense mechanisms during a three-way interaction with plant pathogens and nanoparticles. Additionally, the study explored the integration of biochemical markers to assess plant response. Histochemical analyses confirmed the presence of oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and O−2), as well as callose and lignin deposition, supporting the involvement of defensive responses in this study. Metabolic profiling revealed that tomato plants exposed to 20 ppm AgNPs exhibited maximal accumulation levels of various secondary metabolites compared to the control group. Remarkably, the concurrent application of AgNPs and plants resulted in enhanced plant resistance against biotic stress, as evidenced by reduced stress parameters and stress enzyme activity. The antioxidant enzymes (PO, SOD, CAT, LPX) exhibited significant variations among treatments, emphasizing the influence of AgNPs on maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in plant cells. These findings highlight the potential of nanotechnology-based approaches in bolstering food supply and promoting sustainable agriculture. Our study underscores the significance of integrating biochemical markers to monitor and assess plant response during the interaction with nanoparticles and pathogens. This integration offers a promising avenue for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of plant defense and optimizing agricultural practices. In conclusion, our research elucidates the potential of silver nanoparticles in augmenting plant resistance against Early Blight disease in tomato, ultimately contributing to sustainable agriculture. The incorporation of biochemical markers further advances our understanding of the intricate interplay between nanoparticles, plant pathogens, and plant defense mechanisms. © 2024 SAAB
Genome-wide study of OsWRKY gene in Oryza sativa subsp. japonica
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Jhumishree Meher; Jeetu Narware; Prahlad Masurkar
WRKY transcription factor (TF) family is well known to govern essential physiological functioning as well as regulate plant response to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, we have identified 108 OsWRKY genes in the genome of Oryza sativa subsp. japonica, using the updated genomic data from the Rice Annotation Project Database and Oryzabase, which were further used to conduct the phylogenetic study, motif analysis, gene structure analysis, chromosomal mapping, and prediction of sub-cellular localization. The multiple sequence alignment OsWRKY proteins revealed the presence of nine different types of alterations in the conserved heptapeptide sequence WRKYGQK associated with 19 OsWRKY genes. Physiochemical analysis discloses the hydrophobic amino acid-rich, thermally stable, and polar nature of OsWRKY proteins. These genes were noted as highly conserved between the two cultivated sub-species of Oryza sativa, that is Indica and japonica type. Additionally, from motif analysis, we have found a new motif, which was categorized as hAT family C-terminal dimerization region associated with four members of group IIc. We have identified 21 stress-responsive OsWRKY genes, and their significance to the different biotic and abiotic stress-mediated cascades was further evaluated by analysing 1500 kb upstream sequences and this disclosed the presence of important phytohormone-responsive cis-elements in the OsWRKY gene, suggesting its direct involvement in defence against a wide range of external stressors and these 21 OsWRKY genes are tentatively listed as possible candidates for more study. © 2024 Association of Applied Biologists.
High-Throughput sequencing: A tool to curb banana diseases of quarantine importance
(Springer Nature, 2025) Prachi Singh; Priya Bhargava; Sawant Shraddha Bhaskar; Jeetu Narware; Sudha Nandni; Pitambara; Devanshu Dev
The number of plant diseases of economic importance is rapidly growing, and their status is shifting from minor to major diseases. To restrict the transboundary spread of these diseases quarantine plays an important role. Many diseases that affect banana fall under either domestic or international quarantines. The use of High-Throughput sequencing (HTS) technology is transforming research and trying to address the problem of banana diseases. HTS tools are widely used in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and metagenomics. The main benefits of HTS that make it a promising tool for further research are its applicability, sensitivity, and ease of use when working with large genomic datasets. HTS has been widely used in the precise, rapid, and early detection of Fusarium wilt of banana, including TR4, Banana mosaic, and Moko disease of banana, etc. HTS tools like Illumina, PacBio, Oxford Nanopore, and MiSeq pyrosequencing have also been used in the evolutionary study of Ralstonia solanancearum phylotypes, Banana viral diseases, delineating the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 (Foc TR4) race etiology in Panama wilt. Several studies showed the applicability of HTS tools in unravelling the mechanism of resistance, host specificity, and identification of resistance genes of banana diseases which helped in the development of integrated management strategies. This review will provide a close insight into the importance and application of HTS technology in various banana diseases of quarantine importance and the future scope of these tools to explore new possibilities of research to manage these diseases. © Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2025.
Nanomaterial-based biosensors: a new frontier in plant pathogen detection and plant disease management
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025) Jeetu Narware; Jharjhari Chakma; Satyendra Pratap Singh; Divya Raj Prasad; Jhumishree Meher; Prachi Singh; Priya Bhargava; Shraddha Bhaskar Sawant; Pitambara; Jyoti Prakash Singh; Nazia Manzar; Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap
Nanotechnology has significantly advanced the detection of plant diseases by introducing nano-inspired biosensors that offer distinct advantages over traditional diagnostic methods. These biosensors, enhanced with novel nanomaterials, exhibit increased sensitivity, catalytic activity, and faster response times, resulting in improved diagnostic efficiency. The increasing impact of climate-induced stress and emerging plant pathogens have created an urgent demand for real-time monitoring systems in agriculture. Nanobiosensors are revolutionizing plant disease management by enabling on-site detection of pests and weeds, facilitating precise pesticide applications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the development and application of nanobiosensors in real-time plant disease diagnosis. It highlights key innovations, such as smartphone-integrated nanozyme biosensing and lab-on-a-chip technologies. Special emphasis is placed on the detection of molecular biomarkers, demonstrating the critical role of nanobiosensors in addressing the evolving challenges of plant disease management and agricultural sustainability. © © 2025 Narware, Chakma, Singh, Prasad, Meher, Singh, Bhargava, Sawant, Pitambara, Singh, Manzar and Kashyap.
Silver nanoparticle-based biopesticides for phytopathogens: Scope and potential in agriculture
(Elsevier, 2019) Jeetu Narware; R.N. Yadav; Chetan Keswani; S.P. Singh; H.B. Singh
Nanotechnology is the most advanced science in recent times, with a huge potential to revolutionize the agricultural sector. It is the sixth most rapidly emerging revolutionary technology after the green revolution of the 1960s. The potential uses and advantages of nanotechnology in agriculture involve plant disease management, enhanced nutrient uptake efficiency, improvement in plant growth, and sustained release of agrochemicals. Nanoparticles synthesized by agriculturally important microorganisms provide a cost-effective and ecofriendly alternative for plant disease management. This chapter assesses the role of plant-beneficial microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles, and their applications in plant disease management. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The Impact of Biofortified Vermicompost on Enhancing Nutritional Quality, Micronutrient Content, and Antioxidants in Carrot (Daucus Carota Cv Surbhi)
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Jharjhari Chakma; Jeetu Narware; Satyendra Pratap Singh; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Amitava Rakshit
Purpose: Beneficial soil microbes are pivotal players in the intricate dance of nutrient cycling. Their abundance in the soil and its nutrient reservoir hinges on the soil’s structure and functions, influencing nutrient mobilization and uptake. This study explores the effects of biofortified vermicompost on improving the nutritional quality, micronutrient content, and antioxidants in carrots. By analyzing the influence of this formulation on the growth and development of carrots, we aim to shed light on its potential benefits for enhancing the overall health benefits of this popular vegetable. Methods: Carrots were cultivated in pots under nine different treatments, with vermicompost biofortified using various combinations of three beneficial microbes: Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluroscence, along with a control. Results: The results of the study revealed that the combination of T. harzianum and B. subtilis produced the most significant results (p < 0.05) across all parameters tested, including micronutrient content in carrot root (Fe, 77.65 ± 0.65 mg kg− 1) Cu (12.67 ± 0.12 mg kg− 1) and in soil Mn (18.13 ± 0.07 mg kg− 1), Zn (28.43 ± 0.08 mg kg− 1), antioxidant activity, and biochemical analysis. Following closely behind was the combination of B. subtilis and P. fluroscence where the treatment has shown best in micronutrient content of carrot root (Zn, 51.84 ± 2.48 mg kg− 1) and soil (Fe, 20.12 ± 0.03 mg kg− 1and Cu, 8.71 ± 0.40 mg kg− 1). Conclusions: Positive outcomes in all the parameters have been observed when beneficial microorganisms were recruited along with vermicompost in combination with different microorganisms and using the microorganisms individually, suggesting a strong correlation between plant-microbe interactions and improving the overall quality of carrots. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2025.