Browsing by Author "Jyoti Dixit"

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5-Amino uracil activated silver nano resonators for highly selective visual detection of dopamine and as an agonist towards BAP: Promoting shoot growth in Bacopa monnieri L.
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Saumya Singh; Raksha Singh; Anurag Kumar Singh; Minu Yadav; S.K. Mishra; Jyoti Dixit; Pooja Verma; K.N. Tiwari; K.K. Upadhyay
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an average size of about 17.5 nm have been synthesized using 5-amino uracil as a reducing and capping agent. The concentration of these AgNPs was worked out to be 48 nM. These AgNPs served as a highly selective optical sensor against an important neurotransmitter like dopamine (DA) at its nano molar level (94 nM) with the linearity range of 1–5 µM. The quantification of DA in one of its injection sample was also achieved with a recovery of 91 %. Studies like FTIR, UV–Vis, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, DLS and Zeta potential measurements have supported our findings. Significant amplification in the Raman signal of DA was also observed upon its addition into as prepared AgNPs solution. Moreover, these AgNPs seemed to augment the activity of cytokinin (BAP) in synergistic fashion and enhanced in vitro high frequency shoots regeneration in B. monnieri L. and also led to increment in its antioxidant metabolite contents like phenol and flavonoid. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Ameliorative activity of ethanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) against scopolamine-induced amnestic effect and profiling of active compounds using gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2018) Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Prabhat Upadhyay; Jyoti Dixit; Pradeep Kumar; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Raghunath More; Jasmeet Singh
Background: Amnesia state damages the hippocampus and leads to the loss of short-term memory. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) is used in traditional medicines to treat various ailments. Objective: In the present investigation, we evaluated the efficacy of ethanolic extract of flowers of N. arbor-tristis against scopolamine-induced amnestic effect in male Wister rats and intended to identify the major compounds present in the extract. Materials and Methods: The anti-amnestic profile of flower extract was screened by elevated plus maze (EPM), passive avoidance (PA), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Results: EPM test confirmed the anxiolytic effect of the extract in rats and decreased the transfer latency in the protected arm of the EPM. During PA test, the extract resulted significant increase in step-down latencies during both the acquisition and retention sessions. In MWM task, the scopolamine injection significantly prolonged the escape latency time, whereas this time was shortened in flower extract-treated group. For the confirmation of anti-amnestic effect of extract, acetylcholine (Ach) content, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hippocampus brain were evaluated. The extract significantly increased ACh content and decreased the activity of AChE in the hippocampus of the brain. Similarly, the extract declined the MDA and increased the GSH and SOD levels in brain tissues. The phytol (RT 19.69) and loliolide (RT 23.50) were identified in the extract through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The four major compounds such as 4-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid hemihydrate, chalcone, and melatonin were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Conclusion: The anti-amnestic effect of ethanolic extract of the flower was confirmed. It contains several compounds which might be useful in the treatment and to control several neurodegenerative diseases. © 2019 Pharmacognosy Magazine Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
Bio-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC.: Characterization and evaluation of its activity against Leishmania donovani
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Jyoti Dixit; Pradeep Kumar; Rajan Singh; Pooja Verma; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Jasmeet Singh
Uraria picta is used as a folk medicine to cure various ailments. Regardless of ethnobotanical application, a therapeutic study of the plant parts has yet to be reported. Aqueous leaf extract was enriched with secondary metabolites like phenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Total phenol (60.97 mgG−1 GAE), total flavonoid (52.36 mgG−1 RE), and antioxidant activity (IC50 2666.95 µgmL−1) of the extract were measured. Bio-based silver nanoparticles (LEUP-AgNPs) were fabricated using a secondary metabolite-enriched leaf extract of U. picta (LEUP), and characterization of LEUP-AgNPs was done. The LEUP-AgNPs were crystalline, circular (13.04 ± 5.97 nm), monodisperse (pdi 0.205), and stable (-17.8 mV). The LEUP-AgNPs surface was composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silver. A comparative study was performed to evaluate the potential of LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs against promastigotes and intra-RAW264.7 macrophage amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. A high dose of LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of promastigotes up to 53% and 68%, with an IC50 value of 47.90 µgmL−1 and 6.79 µgmL−1, respectively. LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs higher doses also inhibited intracellular amastigotes up to 53% and 80% with an IC50 value of 6.72 µgmL−1 and 1.16 µgmL−1, respectively. The microscopic examination revealed that LEUP-AgNPs lead to size reduction and aggregations of promastigotes. The LEUP-AgNPs efficiently declined the number of amastigotes per RAW 264.7 macrophages compared to LEUP. LEUP-AgNPs had no cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages based on the CC50 value. Findings showed LEUP-AgNPs were more efficient than LEUP in controlling L. donovani, which induces visceral leishmaniasis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Direct shoot regeneration from cotyledonary node of Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC., an important plant of dashmula drugs, and assessment of genetic fidelity, metabolic profiling, and anti-diabetic activity
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Jyoti Dixit; Pooja Verma; Pallavi Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Shailesh Kumar Tiwari; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Jasmeet Singh
Uraria picta root is used in the polyherbal product ‘Dashmula’. Its exploitation for formulation preparation has depleted its availability, leading to medicine adulteration. Direct shoot regeneration from the cotyledonary node holds promise as a source of raw material. This study aimed to develop a regeneration protocol for U. picta and validate its genetic and metabolic fidelity. The seeds of U. picta showed low germination rates, prolonged dormancy, and poor viability. Root exploitation in the wild poses a threat to its availability in nature. Seedling's derived cotyledonary nodes cultured on B5 medium supplemented with BAP (0.5–3 mg L−1), Kinetin (0.5–3 mg L−1), Thidiazuron (0.01–1 mg L−1), and meta-Topolin (0.1–4 mg L1). To address hyperhydricity in regenerated shoots, cotyledonary nodes were cultured on high-agar concentration media. Microshoots were exposed to IBA solution (50–800 mg L−1) pulse treatment for rooting. Tissue-cultured plants genetic fidelity was assessed using ISSR and SCoT markers, while metabolic fidelity was studied with HRMS. The chlorophyll content, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity of micropropagated plants were evaluated. The highest shoot regeneration frequency, with a maximum of 6.57±0.278 shoots per explant, was achieved using 2 mg L−1 meta-Topolin. The shoots were elongated, had expanded leaves, and were hyperhydrated. BAP (2 mg L−1) induced a maximum of 9.83±0.333 shoot buds per explant. BAP caused explant browning, profuse callus formation, dwarfing, and hyperhydric shoots. Hyperhydricity was alleviated with a higher agar concentration (1 %). IBA (400 mg L−1) induced a maximum of 2.18±0.090 roots per shoot and a root length of 9.23±0.033 cm. Tissue-cultured and mother plants exhibited clonal fidelity, similar metabolite and chlorophyll content, strong antioxidant activity, and equal efficacy for inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase. This method can propagate elite clones of U. picta and offer its improvement via genetic transformation. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Efficient Catalytic Degradation of Selected Toxic Dyes by Green Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Cestrum nocturnum L.
(MDPI, 2022) Pradeep Kumar; Jyoti Dixit; Amit Kumar Singh; Vishnu D. Rajput; Pooja Verma; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Tatiana Minkina; Saglara Mandzhieva
In the present study, the catalytic degradation of selected toxic dyes (methylene blue, 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitroaniline, and congo red) using biosynthesized green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Cestrum nocturnum L. was successfully performed. These AgNPs are efficiently synthesized when a reaction mixture containing 5 mL of aqueous extract (3%) and 100 mL of silver nitrate (1 mM) is exposed under sunlight for 5 min. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed based on the change in the color of the reaction mixture from pale yellow to dark brown, with maximum absorbance at 455 nm. Obtained NPs were characterized by different techniques, i.e., FTIR, XRD, HR-TEM, HR-SEM, SAED, XRD, EDX, AFM, and DLS. Green synthesized AgNPs were nearly mono-dispersed, smooth, spherical, and crystalline in nature. The average size of the maximum number of AgNPs was 77.28 ± 2.801 nm. The reduction of dyes using a good reducing agent (NaBH4) was tested. A fast catalytic degradation of dyes took place within a short period of time when AgNPs were added in the reaction mixture in the presence of NaBH4. As a final recommendation, Cestrum nocturnum aqueous leaf extract-mediated AgNPs could be effectively implemented for environmental rehabilitation because of their exceptional performance. This can be utilized in the treatment of industrial wastewater through the breakdown of hazardous dyes. © 2022 by the authors.
GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy based metabolite profiling of Panchvalkal kwath (polyherbal formulation)
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Pratistha Singh; Renuka Ranjan; Ruchita Tripathi; Jyoti Dixit; Neeraj Sinha; Anil Kumar Singh; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
Panchvalkal kwath (PK) is a bark formulation of five pharmacologically important plants, i.e., Ficus benghalensis, Ficus racemosa, Ficus religiosa, Thespesia populnea, and Ficus lacor. The Ayurvedic formulation is being used since ancient times to cure diabetes, bacterial infections and heal wounds. The present study aims to identify the metabolite profiles of PK which could explain its properties and its mode of action against specific diseases and disorders. The aqueous extract of Panchvalkal is prepared through a hot maceration process. The extract is subjected to preliminary identification of phytoconstituents and FTIR spectroscopy to recognize functional groups. GC-MS analysis reveals that the extract is enriched with 24-Norursa-3,12-diene (25.16%); Lup-20(29)-en-3-one (16.76%); 2-methyl-3-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl) propanal (7.04%); 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (11.21%) and 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one (4.15%). The presence of three new phytocompounds that are 4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-1,3-dioxepane-5,6-diol; 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropylacetate and 4,4,6 A,6B,8A,11,11,14B-octamethyl-1,4,4A,5,6,6A,8,8a,910,11,12,12a,12b,13,14,14a,14b-ctadecahydro-3(2H)-picenone are detected in the extract. Metabolite profiles of the extract also constitute isoeugenol, stigmasterol, ergosterol, ocimene, myrcene, squalene, sphingosine, betulin, methyl ferulate and cis-jasmone, which are unraveled by 1 D 1H and 2 D 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectroscopy. This article focuses on the presence of different phytocompounds in PK in order to demonstrate its efficacy as a therapeutic formulation for a variety of diseases. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Germplasm conservation of Clitoria ternatea L. through storage of encapsulated shoot tips and maintaining nodal segments under slow growth conditions
(World Research Association, 2018) Jyoti Dixit; Jayanti Singh; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
The presence of 3% sodium alginate+100μM calcium chloride was found most suitable for Clitoria ternatea synthetic seed production and subsequent conversion of encapsulated shoot tips into plantlet. MS medium used for encapsulation of shoot tips showed highest conversion frequency (90±7.0%) on MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/l BAP. Encapsulated shoot tips stored for 75 days at 4°C showed maximum conversion frequency (52±3.2%) on MS + 1.0mg/l BAP + 0.1mg/l IBA. Nodal segmented stored on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 4% sorbitol for 12 months showed highest conversion frequency (65%) and maximum number of shoots per explants on MS medium containing 0.5mg/l BAP. Elongated shoots showed best rooting on MS + 0.2 mg/l IBA. Plants derived from short term stored synthetic seeds and nodal segment showed normal flowering and growth. © 2018 Research Journal of BioTechnology. All Rights Reserved.
Panchvalkal (polyherbal formulation) mitigates STZ induced type 2 DM by modulating the expression of hexokinase (HX), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triphosphate isomerase (TPI)
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Pratistha Singh; Khushi Verma; Jyoti Dixit; Vipin Rai; Gopeshwar Narayan; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Anil Kumar Singh; Jasmeet Singh; Kumar Ashutosh
Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the potentiality of Panchvalkal (Ayurvedic formulation) for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Panchvalkal is polyherbal formulation of bark Ficus benghalensis L., Ficus racemosa L., Ficus religiosa L., Thespesia populnea L. and Ficus lacor Buch-Ham. The formulation was traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and to treat ulcers, wounds, leucorrhoea and other vaginal diseases. Objective: The current study was hypothesized to investigate Panchvalkal aqueous extract protective property against streptozotocin induced Diabetes Mellitus Swiss albino rats and its effects on HX, LDH and TPI genes involved in glycolysis pathway. Method: Aqueous extract of the bark of five medicinal plants were prepared. The aqueous extract of Panchvalkal was analyzed for antioxidant property (TF, TP, DPPH and RP). Diabetes was induced in Swiss albino rats through streptozotocin (60 mgKg-1 bw i.p.) administration. The extract (500 mgKg-1 bw) and glibenclamide (300 mgKg-1 bw) alone and in combination was administrated orally to specific group of animals up to 28 days. Animals were scarified, blood was collected, and liver excised. cDNA was prepared from RNA isolated from the liver. Expression of HX, LDH and TPI were studied through real-time PCR analysis. Result: Panchvalkal aqueous extract was enriched with phenol content (82.84 mg GAE G−1) and flavonoid content (283.52 mg RE G−1) and showed effective antioxidant property. No sign of toxicity and mortality in rats were recorded during toxicity assessment. Rats administrated with Panchvalkal 500 mgKg-1 bw showed significant reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increase in HDL level. Also the plasma glucose level was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in comparison to diabetic control. Significant increase in enzymes level such as SGOT and SGPT was observed. Panchvalkal modulated the expression level of Hexokinase (HX), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Triphosphate isomerase (TPI) genes in STZ induced T2DM. Conclusion: The present study showed that Panchvalkal acts effectively in modulating the mRNA expression of HX, LDH and TPI genes involved in the glycolysis pathway and other metabolic reactions. It significantly increased the glucose uptake and improved the glucose metabolism in T2DM. © 2021 The Authors
Phytoconstituents analysis of hydroalcoholic root extract of premna integrifolia L.: An important ingredient of herbal formulation dashamula
(Research Trend, 2020) Pooja Verma; Jyoti Dixit; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
Hydroalcoholic extract of root of Premna integrifolia was analyzed for polyphenol content and antioxidant potential because it is an important ingredient of widely used herbal medicine Dashamula. This extract is enriched with polyphenol with good antioxidant activity. Chemo profiling of this extract using GCMS confirmed the presence of several valuable terpenoids such as lanugone A, podocarp-12-en-14-ol, ferruginol, sandaracopimaradien-18-al, communic acid and (-) β caryophyllene epoxide. The anti oxidative property of the extract might be due to presence of these several terpenoids. Further it needs isolation of these valuable terpenoids for bioactivity studies. © 2020, Research Trend. All rights reserved.
Potential of Flavonoids as Anticancer Drugs
(wiley, 2021) Pradeep Kumar; Jyoti Dixit; Rajesh Saini; Pooja Verma; Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Kavindra NathTiwari
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in vegetables, fruits, cereals, beverages, medicinal and several other plants. More than 10, 000 flavonoids have been isolated and identified to date. Flavonoids are classified into following subclasses including flavonols, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, isoflavones, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidin. They possess various biological activities in the host systems. The role of dietary flavonoids is free radicals scavenging, inactivation of carcinogen, seize cell cycle, cell apoptosis and angiogenesis inhibition. Due to their multiple modes of actions, flavonoids are being investigated as an efficient anti-cancer element. This review describes about sources of most effective plant derived flavonoids like catechin, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, luteolin, epigallocatechin gallate, apigenin and chrysin and its analogues. Mechanism of actions of these flavonoids was also discussed, which effectively arrest the growth of cancer cell lines and tumors. The present information based on the flavonoids may be helpful in developing effective dietary strategies for cancer patients for the treatment and management of their health. © 2021 Scrivener Publishing LLC.
Preparation of hydrogel from the hydroalcoholic root extract of Premna integrifolia L. and its mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for wound healing efficacy
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Pooja Verma; Jyoti Dixit; Chandrashekhar Singh; Alakh Narayan Singh; Aprajita Singh; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Madaswamy S. Muthu; Gopal Nath; Sunil Kumar Mishra
The current investigation concentrated on the fabrication of silver nanoparticles through the root of Premna integrifolia L. The antibacterial and wound healing effects of their silver nanoparticles-hydrogel and root extract-hydrogel were evaluated. The hydroalcoholic root extract of P. integrifolia was enriched with crocetin, ferulic acid, oleanolic acid, oleic acid, syringic acid, and vanillin. The silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized through secondary metabolite-enriched hydroalcoholic root extract (5 %) when mixed with 1 mM AgNO3 and kept under sunlight for 10 minutes. They showed an optimum surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 447 nm. The aldehyde, phenol, and primary amine groups of the extract reduce silver cations into nanoparticles. The nanoparticles band gap of 2.06 eV showed their semi-conductance behavior. The nanoparticles were spherical, uniformly distributed, and stable. The nanoparticles had a good roughness profile and 57.55 % elemental silver. The silver nanoparticles-hydrogel (10 %) showed an efficient 11±0.11 nm zone of inhibition of S. aureus in comparison to the root extract-hydrogel (10 %), i.e., 9±0.15 nm. The nanoparticles-hydrogel and the root extract-hydrogel did not show noticeable symptoms of acute dermal toxicity. The nanoparticles-hydrogel (10 %) and the root extract-hydrogel (10 %) healed 99.9 % and 97.3 % of the S. aureus- infected wound, respectively. The nanoparticle-hydrogel efficiently induced re-epithelialization in the dermis of S. aureus-infected wound compared to the extract-hydrogel. The nanoparticle-hydrogel enhanced the rate of wound closure. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Sensing of mercury ion using light induced aqueous leaf extract mediated green synthesized silver nanoparticles of Cestrum nocturnum L
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Pradeep Kumar; Piyush Kumar Sonkar; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Amit Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Jyoti Dixit; Vellaichamy Ganesan; Jasmeet Singh
In this study, a simple, one-pot, and eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was accomplished with the use of aqueous leaves extract of Cestrum nocturnum L.(AECN). Different techniques like ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning area electron diffraction were used to investigate the optical, operational, and physical properties of the green synthesized AECN-AgNPs.The AECN-AgNPs were further used for the detection of Hg2+ by UV–Vis and electrochemical methods. The disintegration of the AECN-AgNPs solution caused the formation of an Ag-Hg amalgam, which caused discoloration of the solution. Sensing performance for a variety of metals such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu 2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+, and Mn2+ at 10-mM concentrations was measured in order to determine the selectivity of the sensor towards the Hg2+. For the electrochemical determination of 2 + Hg2+ , AECN-AgNPs were immobilized on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and the resulting modified electrode (GC/AECN-AgNPs) was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. This phenomenon is advantageously used for the sensitive determination of trace level Hg2+. GC/AECN-AgNPs demonstrated a linear calibration range of 100 nM to 10 μM and a limit of detection of 21 nM for Hg2+ determination. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Somatic embryogenesis in medicinal plants
(Elsevier, 2022) Jyoti Dixit; Rajesh Saini; Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Pooja Verma; Pradeep Kumar; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
Medicinal plants are a lifeline for human health. They have been widely used in traditional systems of medicines all over the world since ancient times. They are a good source of natural products and are used in drug development programs. These plants are ruthlessly exploited by people from wild for commercial applications. This has resulted in the extinction of several valuable medicinal plants. Somatic embryogenesis is the process through which we can produce embryos converted into complete plants. These somatic embryos (whose process is usually completed in three steps: induction, maturation, and germination) can be induced directly on the explants or through callus, depending on the optimization of media, growth regulators, and other factors. These somatic embryos are helpful in micropropagation, conservation, secondary metabolite production, and genetic transformation. Somatic embryogenesis has been reported in different medicinal plants. This review will focus on the reports of somatic embryo induction in different medicinal plants and their exploitation for different purposes. The molecular mechanism behind this process is also highlighted in the report for a better understanding of the process. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of quaternary cadmium (II)-quercetin complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2’-bipyridine ligands
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Tanu Srivastava; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Om Prakash Tiwari; Avinash Kumar; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Pradeep Kumar; Jyoti Dixit; Jitendra Kumar; Amit Kumar Singh; Pooja Verma; Rajesh Saini; Angaraj Singh; Ashutosh Kumar Dwivedi
This study reports the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of two novel complexes, [Cd (Q) (Bpy) (CH3COO)2, complex 1] and [Cd (Q) (Phen) (CH3COO)2, complex 2], based on quercetin ligand. The method of synthesis was by reacting natural flavonoid quercetin (Q) with a good chelator (Bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine, Phen= 1,10-phenanthroline and Q = quercetin) and metal ions. The produced metal complexes were studied in the solid state by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and in solution by UV-Vis absorption. Further analysis included high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for confirmation. To understand the nature and coordination of quercetin and its metal complexes, density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed. The scavenging (DPPH radical), antibacterial, MTT, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity assay, cytotoxicity assay (fluorescence study) were done and quercetin was used for comparison. Both complex 1 and complex 2 induced loss of cell viability via impairment of metabolic activity, leakage of intracellular proteins, and increased oxidative stress. The free-radical scavenging activity of complex 2 (IC50 340.175 µg/mL) was statistically significantly more potent than that of complex 1. The MIC values of complex 2 (7.80 µg/mL Escherichia coli, 15.62 µg/mL Staphylococcus aureus) were higher as compared to complex 1 and quercetin in both test microorganisms. There was inhibition of cell proliferation in Escherichia coli treated with 2 µg/mL of complex 2, whereas Staphylococcus aureus did not show inhibition at this concentration. The cytotoxicity screening on MG 63 cell line showed that the compounds were safe up to 500 mg/L. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Toxicity profiling and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Premna integrifolia L. for its application as protective agent against xenobiotics
(Elsevier Inc., 2021) Chandrashekhar Singh; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Pradeep Kumar; Anil Kumar; Jyoti Dixit; Rajesh Saini; Sunil Kumar Mishra
Premna integrifoliaL. (Lamiaceae) is widely used in herbal formulation “Dashmoolarishta” which is useful in postnatal care. Ethyl acetate extract obtained from the leaves was evaluated for phenolic content and its antioxidant activity. Acute and subacute toxicity of the extract was studied in mice of both sexes to get an idea about LD50 value and assessed its safety profile before its application as a protective agent against different toxicities induced by xenobiotics. Phenol enriched extract (phenol content is 63.10 ± 1.26 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent and flavonoid content 75.33 ± 0.23 mg/g of rutin equivalent) showed good antioxidant activity. In acute toxicity studies it was observed that single different doses (300−5000 mg/kg b.wt.) of extract did not show any mortality of mice. Thus the LD50 of the extract was determined, and it was higher than 5000 mg/kg. There was no major change in behavioral and general appearance of mice. External morphology of liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen and heart did not show any effect of treatment. In subacute toxicity no statistically significant change in body weight, relative organ weight, food intake and water uptake, hematological, biochemical parameters were reported after comparison with control. Extract did not show significant effect in the level of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of mice of treated groups. No histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney tissues. Thus, extract did not show any sign of toxic effects, when administered orally to male and female mice at dose level up to 1000 mg/kg. So, it can be utilized as protective agent against toxicity produced by different xenobiotics. © 2021