Browsing by Author "Jyoti Prajapati"

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2D hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets supported with palladium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticle–based electrochemical sensor for the detection of indole- 3-acetic acid
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Jyoti Prajapati; Ashish Gupta; Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Jaya Joshi; Nishi Kumari; I. C. Tiwari
Indole- 3-acetic acid (IAA) plays major role in stress responses and plant defense against pathogens. When a plant is under stress, such as when it is exposed to high temperature or drought conditions, the levels of IAA increases, which triggers a range of responses that helps the plant to cope with the stress. In this study, we developed electrochemical sensor based on nanocomposite of palladium-doped zinc oxide and 2D hexagonal boron nitride (Pd-ZnO/h-BN) for effective electrochemical detection of IAA. The structural and morphological structure of the Pd-ZnO/h-BN nanocomposite was investigated using a variety of characterization techniques, FT-IR, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and chronoamperometry techniques were used for quantitative analysis of IAA. The sensing capability of the Pd-ZnO/h-BN modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for IAA detection was evaluated utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Because of its multiple active sites, rapid charge transfer, and abundance of defects, the Pd-ZnO/h-BN/GCE exhibits a synergetic catalytic impact on IAA oxidation. The suggested electrochemical sensor has a low detection limit (LOD) for IAA is 0.13 µM using DPV and 0.21 µM using CV, good linear ranges (0.5 to 50 µM), and high sensitivity (0.2407 µA cm−2 µM−1). This fabricated sensor shows excellent real time analysis towards IAA in the seedling extract of Vigna radiata and Triticum aestivum. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Cd(II) complexes derived from thiazoline, hydrazide and carbodithioate ligands: synthesis, crystal structures and electrochemical sensing of uric acid
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023) Shubham Jaiswal; Shivendra Kumar Pandey; Jyoti Prajapati; Suryansh Chandra; Mannu Kumar Gond; Manoj Kumar Bharty; Ida Tiwari; Ray J. Butcher
Three novel Cd(II) metal complexes 1–3 have been synthesized with different derivatives of thiazoline, hydrazide and carbodithioate. These metal complexes are abbreviated as [Cd (tht)2]n, [Cd (Hpph)2]n and [Cd (mpps)2]n along with their respective ligands Htht, H2pph and mpps. The developed metal complexes are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and other spectroscopic techniques (Infrared [IR], nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], ultraviolet–visible [UV–vis] and fluorescence). The polymeric nature of these cadmium complexes have been ascertained by single XRD data. Several significant interactions were also revealed, which aid in the stabilization of these complexes' supramolecular architecture. Comparing complex 2 with complexes 1 and 3, the absorption spectra of complex 2 exhibits a greater λmax. On comparing the fluorescence study of these complexes, complex 2 has a higher fluorescence than complexes 1 and 3. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) approach was employed to detect the electrochemical behaviour of these complexes, as well as the sensing of uric acid (UA) by these complexes via modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs). According to the conclusions received by CV study, the modified electrode containing complex 3 has admirable UA electro catalytic activity. This UA electrochemical sensing device offers a low detection limit (0.3 μM), fine linear ranges (30–1500 μM), reasonable sensitivity, and a fast reaction time. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Copper-Based Electrochemical Sensor Derived from Thiosemicarbazide for Selective Detection of Neurotransmitter Dopamine
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Shubham Jaiswal; Suryansh Chandra; Jyoti Prajapati; Ida Tiwari; Manoj Kumar Bharty
This paper presents the synthesis of the ligand 1-picolinoyl-4-cyclohexyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (H2pctc) and new metal complexes [Ni(Hpctc)2] (1), [Cu(Hpctc)Cl] (2), and [Cd(Hpctc)2] (3). The synthesized metal complexes were precisely characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). In addition, complexes 1-3 were also characterized by UV-vis, fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopy. SC-XRD data confirmed the distorted octahedral geometry around the Ni(II) and Cd(II) centers and the distorted square planar geometry around the Cu(II) center. Data derived from the emission spectra depict that higher fluorescence intensity was exhibited by complexes 1, 2, and 3 in comparison to that of the free ligand H2pctc, and complex 3 showed the maximum intensity. Further, these metal complex-modified GCEs (glassy carbon electrodes) were utilized for electrochemical sensing of dopamine (DPM). The electrochemical studies of these complexes were performed using modified glassy carbon electrodes supported by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. In contrast to complexes 1 and 3, complex 2 is a superior electrode material with a high effective surface area for the electrochemical oxidation of DPM, according to the electrochemical response results. The derived sensor had a wide linear detection range of 1 to 1400 μM, an acceptable sensitivity of 0.01531 μA cm-2 μM-1, and a low LOD of 0.38 μM. The proposed approach was free of the interfering effects of ascorbic acid, uric acid, aminophenol, and other substances. During the successive scans, no fouling of the electrode surface was observed. The proposed electrochemical sensor had excellent stability, sensitivity, and a low detection limit making it suitable for the analysis of a variety of real samples. Additionally, it was proven to be useful for analyzing biological fluids. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
Copper-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles decorated on 2D-hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets for susceptible electrochemical detection of an anti-cancer drug in environmental and biological samples
(Springer, 2024) Jyoti Prajapati; Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Ida Tiwari
Chlorambucil (CML) cures chronic lymphatic leukemia (white blood cell cancer). A high dose of CML can cause several side effects like bone marrow suppression, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and infertility in the human body. In this research, we have synthesized a nanocomposite based on copper-doped titanium dioxide (CuTiO2) adorned with 2D hexagonal boron nitride (CuTiO2@BN) for the efficient electrochemical detection of CML. A series of characterization techniques FT-IR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, EDAX XPS, and electrochemical characterization were used to analyze the CuTiO2@BN nanocomposite structural and morphological compositions. The sensing performance of the CuTiO2@BN modified GCE for CML detection has been assessed using voltammetry methods. The chronoamperometry technique analyzed the kinetics of the electrochemical oxidation of CML at CuTiO2@BN/GCE. The CuTiO2@BN-based glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has a synergetic electro-catalytic effect on CML oxidation due to its many active sites, enhanced surface area, fast charge transfer, and numerous defects. For the detection of CML, the suggested electrochemical sensor exhibits excellent selectivity, low limit of detection (LOD) as found 5.0 nM, wide linear ranges (0.02–8000 µM), and quick reaction times. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Electrochemical sensing of 4-nitrophenol through heteroleptic complexes of Ag(I) and Hg(II) based on 2-thiazoline-2-thiol: Synthesis, crystal structures, and Hirshfeld analysis
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023) Suryansh Chandra; Jyoti Prajapati; Shubham Jaiswal; Shivendra Kumar Pandey; Ida Tiwari; Lal Bahadur Prasad; Manoj Kumar Bharty
In pursuit of a more effective electro-sensor for environmentally hazardous nitro phenols detection at the trace level, we have developed two novel complexes [Ag(μ-S-thzt)(Hthzt)(PPh3)]2·2CH3CH2OH (1) and [Hg (thzt)2(o-phen)](2) based on 2-thiazoline-2-thiol (Hthzt). In complexes 1 and 2, triphenylphosphine and o-phen were used as co-ligands, respectively. Both the synthesizedcomplexes have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction data,UV–vis., infrared, and NMR spectrometry. Geometry around both the metal ion complexes is distorted tetrahedral. Noticeably, in complex 1, the Hthzt acts as a bridging as well as terminal ligand. The intermolecular interaction found in complexes 1 and 2 have been further investigated through Hirshfeld surface analysis. On comparing fluorescence intensities of Hthzt, complex 1, and complex 2, the order of fluorescence behavior was found to be Hthzt > complex 1 > complex 2. The electrochemical performance of both complexes 1 and 2 and their ability to sense 4-nitrophenol (NP) have been evaluated through modified glassy carbon electrodes and were detected by the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. Based on electrochemical responses, complex 1 shows more effective performance as anelectro-sensor than complex 2. With a relatively low detection limit of 0.19 μM, great selectivity, and acceptable sensitivity, the complex 1/GCE sensor demonstrated an exceptional linear plot between the oxidation peak current and NP concentration in the ranges of 0.5–500 μM. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Enhanced adsorption of tetracycline from wastewater using MgAl-layered double hydroxides on MWCNTs: influence of humic acid and fluorescence quenching
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Jyoti Prajapati; Kanchan Gautam; Deeksha Prajapati; I. C. Tiwari
In this paper, the MgAl-layered double hydroxide supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MgAl LDH@MWCNT) nanocomposite was successfully synthesised and characterised for respective analytical methods to elucidate the new structure and composite functional groups. MgAl LDH@MWCNT nanocomposite was applied for the interaction and adsorption of tetracycline from water in the presence of humic acid. The remediation of tetracycline by MgAl LDH@MWCNT nanocomposite for 25, 50 and 100 mg/L concentrations was 94.4%, 90% and 85%, respectively, and 90 minutes of contact time was optimum for adsorption. Remediation of tetracycline was 96.8%, 95.2% and 89% for 25, 50 and 100 mg/L at pH 4. Ultrasonically assisted remediation of tetracycline without the addition of humic acid for 25, 50, and 100 mg/L was 87%, 82% and 76%, respectively, within 5 minutes. Fluorescence quenching indicates that the sorption process is a single-step quenching for humic acid with tetracycline, and quenching intensity was increased with increasing tetracycline concentration. Quenching study revealed that the interaction between the humic acid and tetracycline was static quenching, which means that the non-fluorescent complex was formed. The binding constant Kb was obtained as 6.775 × 103 L mol−1, and the number of binding sites for tetracycline with humic acid was 1.447. 3D fluorescence spectra show a shoulder peak appearance at Ex/Em = 480–575 nm/550–630 nm, which is due to the formation of a stable complex between the interaction of humic acid and tetracycline in the presence of MgAl LDH@MWCNT nanocomposite. Tetracycline adsorption was controlled by electrostatic interaction, which involved electron sharing. Multilayer adsorption on the surface of MgAl LDH@MWCNT was observed, which is due to the sharing of electrons and π-π stacking. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Graphene oxide supported Fe3O4-MnO2 nanocomposites for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of dyestuff: ultrasound effect, surfactants role and real sample analysis
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Ankit Kumar Singh; Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Shreanshi Agrahari; Jyoti Prajapati; Ida Tiwari
Present work demonstrates the synthesis, characterisation and application of a novel hybrid nanocomposite GO@Fe3O4-MnO2 for adsorption and catalytic degradation of dyestuff malachite green and tartrazine from wastewater. The nanocomposite GO@Fe3O4-MnO2 was characterised by FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDS and pHzpc. Effects of various optimising parameters such as contact time, solution pH, surfactants, light, adsorbent dose, ultrasonication and coexisting ions were investigated. The removal efficiencies of malachite green and tartrazine were observed as high as 99.9% and 98% under direct sunlight, respectively. The adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.99) where k2 for malachite green and tartrazine were 0.0097 and 0.0011 g mg−1 min−1, respectively, that means adsorption was controlled by chemisorption. Equilibrium adsorption isotherm of these dyes was analysed in the context of Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the maximum adsorption capacity for Langmuir isotherm was found to be 8.0 and 5.1 mg g−1 for malachite green and tartrazine, respectively. The percentage removal was initially low, but when the ultrasound was irradiated, the removal percentage (96% for malachite green and 98% for tartrazine) was drastically increased because of the formation of highly active •H and •OH radicals in the water through the decomposition of water molecules by the formation of hot spots. On treatment with H2O2, advance oxidation processes were observed with high remediation percentage (99.5% for malachite green and 98% for tartrazine) of dye. The synthesised GO@Fe3O4-MnO2 was finally used for the treatment of dyes from real water samples. The used nanocomposite was separated using an external magnet and recycled with 0.1 N HCl or 0.1 N NaOH as desired. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Mercury Toxicity: Impacts on Ecosystems and Mitigation Strategies
(CRC Press, 2025) Shiva Prakash Singh Kushwaha; Kanchan Gautam; Jyoti Prajapati
Global ecosystems are seriously threatened by mercury, an extremely hazardous environmental contaminant. The ramifications of mercury poisoning on plant and animal life are discussed in this chapter, with an emphasis on the effects, underlying mechanisms, and potential mitigation measures. Most mercury contamination comes from natural sources, such as volcanic eruptions, but manmade activities, particularly mining and industrial processes, have significantly increased their amount in the environment. Mercury changes into methylmercury (MeHg), an extremely poisonous form, once it is released. Mercury in plants impairs crucial physiological processes including photosynthesis, which results in slower growth and different dynamics within plant communities. As it bioaccumulates inside plants, its toxicity rises at higher trophic levels. Due to mercury exposure, top predators like fish, birds, and mammals experience neurological problems and decreased reproduction. And lastly there is a section specifically for the environment that is being cleaned up of mercury using a variety of techniques and technologies. They consist of activated carbon absorption, extractions, phytoremediation, bioremediation, and others. Emissions are to be decreased by mitigation measures, which include international agreements like the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Innovative cleanup techniques and mercury routes are the subject of ongoing research. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Ravindra Kumar Gautam, Subhash Chandra, and Radha Rani; individual chapters, the contributors.
Samarium doped nickel oxide supported on 2D-hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets for electrochemical sensing of Acetaminophen
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Jyoti Prajapati; Ankit Kumar Singh; Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Shreanshi Agrahari; Darshana Chatterjee; Ida Tiwari
An effective electrochemical sensor utilizing the superior electrocatalytic activity of SmNiO@BN nanocomposite is presented for the sensitive determination of Acetaminophen. In this study, SmNiO@BN-based nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, RAMAN, XPS, SEM, TEM, and AFM analysis to inspect the structural and morphological constitution. TEM image revealed excellent morphology of hexagonal BN and synthesized nanocomposite. The electrochemical behavior of Acetaminophen on the surface of a modified GCE was studied using CV, DPV, and EIS. SmNiO@BN modified GCE has a synergistically catalytic effect for the oxidation of Acetaminophen attributed to its large surface area, more active sites, rapid charge transfer, and abundance of defects. The proposed electrochemical sensing platform for Acetaminophen detection has high selectivity, low LOD (0.43 µM), a wide linear range (0.5–13,000 µM), and a short reaction time. Modified GCE is useful for Acetaminophen detection in the real sample. © 2023